Conference Session

Chemical Engineering in the Sophomore Year

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew W Liberatore, The University of Toledo; Megan Davidson, The University of Toledo; Kayla Chapman

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

/114520.[25] B. J. S. Barron et al., "Doing with understanding: Lessons from research on problem- and project-based learning," (in English), Journal of the Learning Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3-4, pp. 271-311, 1998, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.1998.9672056.[26] N. K. Lape, "Tiered Scaffolding of Problem-Based Learning Techniques in a Thermodynamics Course," in ASEE Annual Conference, 2011: American Society for Engineering Education.[27] E. D. Sloan and C. Norrgran, "A neuroscience perspective on learning," Chemical Engineering Education, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 29-37, 2016, doi: https://journals.flvc.org/cee/article/view/87714.

Conference Session

Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ephraim Zegeye, Liberty University; Tom Eldredge, Liberty University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, 2002.[12] S. K. Al-Qudah and N. Romond, "An Outcome-Based Assessment of Engineering Writing Proficiency Classes," in IIE Annual Conference Proceedings, 2017, pp. 1205– 1211.[13] J. D. Gassert and L. Milkowski, "Using rubrics to evaluate engineering design and to assess program outcomes," in Proceedings of the ASEE 2005 Conference, 2005.[14] A. Cheville and M. S. Thompson, "Aligning design to ABET: Rubrics, portfolios, and project managers," in Proceedings of the ASEE 2014 Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 2014.[15] E. O. C. Mkpojiogu and A. Hussain, "Assessing Students’ Performance in Software Requirements Engineering Education Using Scoring Rubrics," in AIP Conference Proceedings 1891, 020092 2017.[16

Conference Session

Learning Mechanics Through Experimentation

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

William E. Howard, East Carolina University; Colleen Janeiro, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

Paper ID #30583Simple Lab Exercises Using Composite MaterialsDr. William E Howard, East Carolina University William E (Ed) Howard is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering at East Carolina University. He was previously a faculty member at Milwaukee School of Engineering, following industrial experience as a design and project engineer with Thiokol Corporation, Spaulding Composites Company, and Sta-Rite Industries.Dr. Colleen Janeiro, East Carolina University Dr. Colleen Janeiro teaches engineering fundamentals such as Introduction to Engineering, Materials and Processes, and Mechanics of Materials. Her

Conference Session

A Focus on Sustainability

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Anand Raj, University of Texas at El Paso; Peter Golding, University of Texas at El Paso; Diane Elisa Golding, University of Texas at El Paso; Scott A. Starks, University of Texas at El Paso; Luis Rene Contreras Sapien, University of Texas at El Paso; Suzan Aranda Luna, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

park became a city-owned park, there weresome ambitious plans for its development; however, later it was decided to keep it as a naturalarea with an emphasis on environmental protection [10] and education. This was because thelocal community wanted restoration of the native ecosystem and some development to make thepark more attractive as a site for recreational activity and public visitation but the emphasis wason carrying it forward as a natural area. In 1996, none of the partners of the project came forwardto take responsibility for managing the Wetland Park. Finally, Hilltop University was contractedto serve as a manager thereof [10].Since the region has a dry and semi-arid climate with periods of drought and water scarcity, thebiggest

Collection

2019 ASEE Zone I Conference & Workshop

Authors

Nashwa Elaraby; A. B Shafaye; Steven Grosse

functionalrequirements of the system.(3) They have appreciated the importance of the proper documentation of the code in terms ofdescriptive comments and meaningful wire names to help them track any errors.One of the main ideas that have been raised by faculty members was that when students workwith the full evaluation board, such as the one shown in figure 2, they think that this is how itwould be integrated in any system. With the bulky form, they don’t tend to think of it as acontroller option for their capstone projects for example. They tend to prefer to work withmore compact microprocessor boards such as Arduino.Fig. 2 Intel-Altera DE1-SoC board, one of the commonly used evaluation boards for digital design courses.It offers multiple applications with

Collection

2019 ASEE Zone I Conference & Workshop

Authors

Luke Plante; Matthew Baideme P.E.; Kyle Murray P.E.; Jeffrey Starke; Michael Butkus; Ryan Tuemler

Chemical Education, 79, 8: 965-967. 2002.[7] Sawyer, C., P. McCarty, and G. Parkin, Chemistry for Environmental Engineering andScience, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2003.[8] Driscoll, S.A., and C.E. Garcia. Preferred Learning Styles for Engineering Students.Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education 2000 Annual Conference, St.Louis, MO, 18-21 June 2000.[9] Jamali, A.R., and M.M. Mohamad. Dimensions of Learning Styles among EngineeringStudents. Proceedings of the 2017 International PostGraduate Conference on Applied Science &Physics, Johor, Malaysia, 7 December 2017.[10] Kolmos, A., and J. E. Holgaard. Learning Styles of Science and Engineering Students inProblem and Project Based Education. Book of Abstracts. Brill

Collection

2019 Fall Mid Atlantic States Conference

Authors

Alexander John De Rosa, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Denis Serbin; Stephanie Lee

students and by developing newexercises to aid knowledge transfer. Student ability will be tested pre- and post-course usingconcept inventories. Work will also be completed in order to correlate student performance withother indicators of ability such as grades in the math sequence, overall GPA, and to examine anylinks that might exist between different student populations i.e. major, gender, URM status. A keygoal will be to develop effective tools and activities that better enable students to make linksbetween their courses and transfer knowledge and skills effectively.AcknowledgementsThis work was conducted under IRB 2019-018(N) and grew out of work started under the NSFFoundations Project, Award #1524656, at Stevens Institute of

Collection

2017 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Wei Zhan

Engineering Education 2017 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section Annual ConferenceImplementation Description: Effective Written and Oral Communications will be included in thecourse objectives of ESET 329 and ESET 359. Students will be asked to present their courseproject and submit a written project report. The quality of their presentation and the final projectreport will be used in the final grades.Projected Completion Date: 04/30/2017 Responsible Person/Group: Dr. ZhanAdditional Resources Requested: NoneThere is a section for “Analysis Questions and Analysis Answers” where the programs need toanswer the following question: “Based on the analysis of your findings, what changes are youcurrently making to improve your

Collection

2017 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Ronald Barr

Conference Organized by The University of Texas at Dallas Copyright © 2017, American Society for Engineering Education 2017 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section Annual ConferenceFaculty Course Assessment ReportsFaculty Course Assessment Reports (FCAR) are direct measures of student work in theirengineering courses. Each semester, over a span of several years, certain required engineeringcourses in the program curriculum are identified for assessment. The faculty member teachingthe course is asked to select samples of student work for the assessment. The student work couldbe samples of homework, tests, lab reports, project reports, and so forth. The sample size doesnot

Collection

2017 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Diana Easton

, interdisciplinary topics applicable to thevarious phases of the lifecycle and includes real world deliverables that afford students someindustry equivalent experience. The systematic design of the classes and their associated real-world deliverables offer an integrated approach such that outputs of one course may be inputs toanother. Courses are intended to be taught by a coordinated team of qualified industry experts,regulators or skilled academics who can bring years of practical experience from the industry tothe classroom and keep content current to the global medical device industry. Integration ofindustry projects, and use of state of the art software tools, case studies, guest lectures, capstoneprojects and practical hands-on assignments are

Collection

2020 ERC

Authors

Lynne Parker

:  DARPA ($409M)  JAIC ($268M)  Project Maven ($250M) Released 9-Sept-2019:  Many other DoD agencies and NITRD Supplement to President’s labs across Air Force, Army, FY2020 Budget reports nearly $1B in Navy nondefense AI R&D 11President’s FY2021 Federal Budget • Commits to doubling R&D spending in nondefense AI in two years (by 2022). • Includes a significant increase in nondefense AI R&D compared to the FY 2020 Budget:  NSF’s investments in AI R&D and interdisciplinary research institutes increased to

Collection

2019 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Sattar Ali; A. Bilal Ozturk; Amanuel Wondimu; Eylem Asmatulu

to study the interactions molecular levels. The useof this highly efficient tool is expanding into multiple areas of research, especially the field ofplant science and agriculture. The Department of Mechanical Engineering at Wichita StateUniversity (WSU) has over 480 undergraduate and 100 graduate students, and some of the studentsbegan to work on microfluidics research projects during their studies. Mr. Sattar Ali (Ph.D.Candidate) and Mr. Amanuel Wondimu (undergraduate student) from the Department ofMechanical Engineering at WSU and Mr. A. Bilal Ozturk (Ph.D. Candidate) from Department ofTransdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, were involved in thepresent study, learned many new techniques and gained a lot

Collection

2019 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Hailey Michael; Shankar Krishnan

among treatments.Patients are looked at from a disease cluster consideration, rather than as an individual patientrequiring personalized care. Large volumes of complex data, forming the big data, can bereviewed and analyzed to arrive at a personalized plan for patient case management. Theobjective of this project is to review examples of current applications of big data in healthcare,highlight the corresponding benefits, and make suggestions for future improvements.Big data analytics refers to the comparison and utilization of high volume, variety, velocity andveracity of relevant data to select a treatment approach for a given patient. Applying the analyticson relevant big data and zooming in on a specific patient’s case to determine

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Fluid Mechanics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

John Palmore Jr., Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

amore visual form [27]. This strategy has been effectively applied to instruction in engineeringcourses [22].For this course, the Guided Notes technique is deployed using a computer technology focusedstrategy. This author typed the guided notes using LATEXand distributed a PDF document onlinebefore class. In class, he used his tablet to project the guides onto a screen. As the lectureprogresses, he used the stylus to write on the tablet and fill in the guides. Students were similarlyable to fill in the guides either using printed copies on paper or using their own tablets andlaptops. The strategy is well suited to either in person or online lecturing.ResultsThe first question to be asked is the usefulness of guided notes for taking notes in

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Technical Session 2: Teaching and Learning

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Natalia Ozymko, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Matthew Allan McCarthy, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Wade Fagen-Ulmschneider, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Karin Jensen, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Karle Flanagan, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Systems Programming.Matthew Allan McCarthy, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Matthew McCarthy is a Junior in Mathematics at The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He likes to do programming projects and data analysis in his free time. For this past year he has been working under different faculty members in both research and software development. He hopes to make the world amazing with his work.Prof. Wade Fagen-Ulmschneider, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Wade Fagen-Ulmschneider is a Teaching Associate Professor of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). With a passion for data, he teaches thousands of students each year in his courses on Data

Conference Session

Exploration of Broad Issues and Promotion of Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carl O. Hilgarth

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

papers. In light of the fact that we are living in an increasingly created world, weshould begin to see these literacies as social processes in the sense that they are pushing societyforward through unknown waters to arrive at some destination, hence the need to transform theseliteracies beyond a pedagogy to a broader understanding within the technical community andwithin a technologically oriented society.References1. Chenea, Paul F., Engineering management challenges, Engineering management International, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1981, Pages 7-11, ISSN 0167-5419, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016754198190003X.2. International Technology Education Association, Technology for All Americans Project

Conference Session

DISTINGUISHED LECTURE: 2019 Best PIC, Zone, and Diversity Papers Live Q&A

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

La'Tonia Stiner-Jones, Ohio State University; Wolfgang Windl, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

2019 Best Zone & PIC Papers

test that fails," Nature, vol. 510, pp. 303-304, 6/12/2014 2014.[3] K. G. Stassun, S. Sturm, K. Holley-Bockelmann, A. Burger, D. J. Ernst, and D. Webb, "The Fisk-Vanderbilt Master’s-to-Ph.D. Bridge Program: Recognizing, enlisting, and cultivating unrealized or unrecognized potential in underrepresented minority students," American Journal of Physics, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 374-379, 2011/04/01 2011.[4] R. Sowell, T. Zhang, B. N, and R. K, "PhD. Completion and Attrition: Analysis of Baseline Demographic Data from the Ph.D. Completion Project," Council of Graduate Schools2008.[5] (1/31/2019). National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators 3 - Grading: Grate or Great

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kurt M. DeGoede, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

engineering dynamics course.Students were no longer using HW effectively for developing their analytical skills. A system ofassessment based primarily on correctness led to high HW scores without improving testperformance. Does the broad availability of solutions to HW problems demand a new model forHW? How could HW be redesigned to prioritize interactive student learning over assessment?Solutions/Literature ReviewNumerous new approaches to Homework have been adopted in recent years. Many of thesedirectly address this changing landscape. Karimi and Manteufel looked at several methods:These efforts included creating novel homework problems, using more quizzes and exams,having students engage in class with response clickers, project assignments

Conference Session

Data-informed Approaches to Understanding Student Experiences and Outcomes

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mariem Boujelbene, University of Louisville; Khalil Damak, University of Louisville; Asuman Cagla Acun Sener, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Campbell R. Bego, University of Louisville; Patricia A. Ralston, University of Louisville; Olfa Nasraoui , University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

University of Louisville’s NSF funded ATHENA ADVANCE initiative. Be- tween 2004 and 2008, she has co-organized the yearly WebKDD workshops on User Profiling and Web Usage Mining at the ACM KDD conference. She has served on the program committee member, track chair, or senior program committee of several Data mining, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence con- ferences, including ACM KDD, WWW, RecSys, IEEE Big Data, ICDM, SDM, AAAI, etc. In summer 2015, she served as Technical Mentor/Project Lead at the Data Science for Social Good Fellowship, in the Center for Data Science and Public Policy at the University of Chicago. She is a member of ACM, ACM SigKDD, senior member of IEEE and IEEE-WIE. She is also on the

Conference Session

CPDD Session 1 - Generating Intellectual Excitement for Professional Learners

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kerrie A. Douglas, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Hillary E. Merzdorf, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

interviews, we can ask detailed questions aboutwhat learners valued in the course, what its role was in helping them achieve professional orpersonal goals, and whether their achievements were recognized outside of the course. Learneruse encompasses not only future or intended use of course material, but also the ways thatstudents apply key concepts within the course. Knowledge and skills gained in the course can beapplied to later assignments, projects, or discussion board interactions, where learners maydemonstrate their understanding of topics by using them in later situations. From this level, wecan determine the extent to which course material is relevant to learners’ needs, and whether ithas immediate and/or long-term value to them.Level 5

Conference Session

Manufacturing Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Edwards, Pennsylvania State University-Erie

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

= ∑ ρ iVi Ai (Equation 3) i =1It is important for the students to recognize that the continuity equation holds for non-uniformvelocity profiles such as those that exist inside this wind tunnel. This paper describes a labexperiment used for this purpose.II. Equipment:The following equipment is needed to conduct this lab: Homemade low speed wind tunnel (Figure 1) Hot wire anemometer Positioning mechanism for mounting the anemometer Means for determining the barometric pressure and the room temperature.The wind tunnel was designed and built as a senior project by Mechanical EngineeringTechnology students. The wind tunnel has a test section that is 12 inches wide by 6 inches high.The

Conference Session

Curriculum Implementation of Materials Advances

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Simoneau, Keene State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

theresearch performed by Dr. Charley Shipley, then president of the Shipley Corporation, nowRohm & Hass Electronic Materials. Dr. Shipley was a visionary who tried to develop easilyrecyclable thermoplastic printed circuit board. Today’s printed circuit boards are made up ofthermosetting materials which are difficult to recycle. Thermoplastic materials by comparisoncan simply be cleaned, chopped up, and remolded and reused in new products, whilethermosetting materials cannot be remolded but may be suitable as inert filler. Despite the factthat Dr. Shipley’s project did not achieve its ultimate goal, his attempt was a worthwhile efforttoward recycling electronics components or what is referred today as e-waste.5 This example ofapplied research

Conference Session

Topics Related to Assessments and Outcomes

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Maughmer, Pennsylvania State University; Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas-Austin

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

students hear about the benefits of being able to Page 12.1359.3sketch and what will be expected of them during this ungraded component of thecourse.At this point, five to six exercises are begun. After the first two exercises, whichdeal with aircraft components, the aircraft that is to be sketched is projected forthe students or given to them via a hard-copy. In all cases, the instructor thendemonstrates in some detail how they go about sketching the figure. The studentsare then asked to practice sketching the figure over the next week or so, oftenafter which time, they are asked to reproduce it in class. These figures are thencollected, critiqued, and returned

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Pagliari, East Carolina University; Richard Monroe, East Carolina University; David Batts, East Carolina University

] Schneiderman, Leo. The Psychology of Social Change. Human Sciences Press, Inc. New York. 1988.[19] Techsmith Online. Camtasia Product. 2007. http://www.techsmith.com/camtasia.asp[20] The Communication Initiative. Planning Models: Diffusion of Innovation. Online: http://www.comminit.com.2003.[21] Thompson, James D. Organizations in Action. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1967.[22] Turban, King, Lee, Warkentin, Chung. Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective. 2002. (Upper SaddleRiver, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002.[23] Ward, Lloyd Gordon and Throop, Robert. The Mead Project. Department of Sociology, Brock University.Ontario, Canada. 2001.[24] Wilkins, K.G. Redeveloping Communication for Social Change: Theory, Practice, and Power. Lanham, MD:Rowman &

Conference Session

Emerging Information Technologies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Crystal Bateman, Brigham Young University; Janell Armstrong, Brigham Young University; C. Richard Helps, Brigham Young University

ubiquitous that they become wholly unremarkable to the typical user. Atypical ubiquitous system involves potentially hundreds of small, embedded devices collectingand exchanging environment data with each other. This type of system is typified by the “smartdust” project of Pister and Kahn2, 3 which envisaged many millimeter-cubed-sized motescollecting data and communicating with each other. Ubiquitous system communications aremore complex than the typical client-server model and this new computing model introducesnew networking challenges such as devices power conservation, seamless network handling ofdevice addition and removal, and conservative administration expectations.Wireless sensor networking (WSN) is a key technology for ubiquitous systems

Conference Session

Integrating Mathematics, Science, and Engineering

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shane Palmquist, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

expressions that they are trying to solve.AcknowledgementsThe author would like to express his sincere gratitude to the Foundation at our University forproviding funding for this project. The author would also like to thank the students of structuralanalysis, CE382 (fall 2006), for their patience and eagerness to learn.Bibliographic Information1. Seely, B.E., “The Other Re-engineering of Engineering Education, 1900-1965,” Journal of Engineering Education, Jul, 1999, pp. 285-294.2. Grinter, L.E. (Chair), et al., “Report of the Committee on Evaluation of Engineering Education, Journal of Engineering Education, April, 1955, pp. 25-63.3. Fromm, E., “The Changing Engineering Educational Paradigm,” Journal of Engineering Education, Apr, 2003

Conference Session

Educational Software

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Smith, U. of St. Thomas - St. Paul

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

tools, simulators, and processor designs, like Page 12.117.3those being promoted by the “opencores.com” project (Goering, 2005). To simulate a CPU, the environment must be able to implement a sequential machine, whichgenerally requires three components: ç state variables or registers to store the previous state of the system, ç combinatorial logic to calculate the next state from a combination of the previous state and any input signals, ç a periodic signal, like a clock, to tell the machine to update its state based on the outputs of the combinatorial logic. Digital logic, or a capable software simulation of digital

Conference Session

Curricular Innovations

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janice McCain, Howard University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Dawn Williams, Howard University; Kimarie Engerman, University of the Virgin Islands

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

influence of students’ “likes” and “dislikes” ofvarious aspects of their engineering programs on the change in the level of commitment,persistence and, hence, doggedness.III. MethodologyThis study takes a longitudinal, multi-method approach to investigate the engineeringexperiences of undergraduate engineering students at four U.S. universities. Participatinginstitutions varied in their designations as public or private; research or technical orientations;the size of their undergraduate student populations; and the ratio of female to male students.Data for the larger study, of which this project represents a subset, was initiated in 2004. A total

Conference Session

Design of Lab Experiments II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Mason, Seattle University; Frank Shih, Seattle University; Jeff Dragovich, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

AC 2007-1240: REAL-TIME ACCESS TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA USINGTABLET PC’SGregory Mason, Seattle University Dr. Mason received a BSME from Gonzaga University, an MS in Computer Integrated Manufacturing from Georgia Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Washington-Seattle. He developed a robotics laboratory for the Department of Defense in Keyport, WA and was involved in numerous automation projects, including a robotic container welding system and a robotic torpedo fueling system. While at the University of Washington Dr. Mason did post-doctoral research for NASA, designing a multirate flutter suppression system for a commercial jet. His current

Conference Session

Unique Student Opportunities in BME

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Malkin, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

language training is needed to train a nurse to use a piece ofmedical equipment, and much of the requisite vocabulary is similar to English.The technical training is also specialized to our project and developed by EWH. Our trainingaugments the already excellent theoretical training engineers receive with practical knowledgeappropriate to the developing world. This training includes topics like testing medical Page 13.531.3equipment when specialized test equipment is not available and manufacturing alternative spareparts in resource poor environments. A unique and critical element in our volunteer engineers’training is the lessons on how to train