Conference Session

Student Success & Development - Focus on Mathematics

Collection

2017 FYEE Conference

Authors

Sungwon Steven Kim, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Topics

Diversity, FYEE Division - Paper Submission

Paper ID #20898High School ACT Math Scores: Why and How Do We Use Them?Dr. Sungwon Steven Kim, Minnesota State University, Mankato Dr. Sungwon S. Kim joined the Mechanical Engineering faculty at MSU Mankato in January of 2011. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University (2008), working in the area of synthesizing carbon nanotubes, his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), working in the area of designing and analyzing double spiral heat exchangers, and his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Korea University (2000

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1: Instructional

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaloki Nabutola, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Heidi M. Steinhauer, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Theodore J. Branoff, Illinois State University; Nancy E. Study, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend; Craig L. Miller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Steven Y. Nozaki, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

is applicable across CAD software packages and independent of instructorbackground.BackgroundA Concept Inventory is a tool that uses a multiple choice assessment with carefully chosendistractors. These distractors are typically influenced by student responses to find commonlymisconceived concepts. The engineering graphics CI is framed around 10 main conceptsidentified by a Delphi study comprised of graphics professionals [2]. More information regardingthe origin of this particular CI and the Delphi study can be found in Sadowski, M and Sorby, S.2013 and 2014.Solid modeling constructs were identified as important by the Delphi panel [3] but the pilot studyof the CI using the original CAD-related questions developed by the researchers did not

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Geoff Knowles, Purdue University; Todd Kelley, Purdue University; Euisuk Sung, Purdue University; Jongseong Choi, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

and teaching, 21st century learning skills, using technologyin the classroom, and STEM career awareness (The Friday Institute for Educational Innovation,2012b). The Teaching Design, Engineering and Technology (DET) survey measures teacherperceptions and familiarity with these subjects and perceived barriers to teaching these topics.The DET survey has 40 questions using a 5 point Likert scale (Tao, Purzer, & Cardella, 2011).TRAILS students are being surveyed to assess interest and confidence in learning STEMsubjects as measured by the Students Attitudes Toward STEM Survey (S-STEM) for middle andhigh school students (Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, 2012a). Student participantsare surveyed in both the experimental and comparison

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xia Wang, Oakland University; Anica Gwenell Bowe, Oakland University; Brian K Dean, Oakland University; Chris J Kobus, Oakland University; Mark R. Olson, Oakland University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

educational partners; 2. Consideration of applicant’s letter(s) of recommendation; 3. Consideration of applicant’s statement describing the reason for his/her interest in participation in this program, in addition to his/her commitment to seeing this program through the summer and into the classrooms; 4. Consideration of applicant’s mentoring history in the classroom, including developing innovative teaching methods in STEM fields, leadership in after-school STEM activities, encouragement of students to participate in external outreach programs (for in-service teachers only). 5. Additional consideration of GPA (>3.0) for pre-service teachers, their extracurricular

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Kevin C. Bower P.E., The Citadel; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel; Ally Kindel Martin, The Citadel; Robert J. Barsanti Jr., The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

academic performance. Thepercentile of students from each academic program participating in the honors program isshown in Table 1.In light of the above success, a second program using a similar model was established. TheSchool of Engineering has an S-STEM grant which is currently in its final year ofadministration to support scholarships for females, minorities and economically challengedstudents. The activities produced for this cohort have been singled out by the students andthrough program assessment as being impactful for student success to aid them in maintainingthe grade point averages to keep their scholarships (> 2.5 for freshman; >3.0 all years after). Table 1. Percentage of Honors Students in Each Discipline from 2006-20161

Conference Session

Developing New Engineering Educators

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Karlin, University of Southern Maine; Donna M. Riley, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

mentoringprimarily suited to only one of their multiple hats. Given their limited resources, this is also aconcern for formal faculty development programs. In this section, we will show how the primaryskill sets from Arreola et al.'s "Meta-Profession" project [12] are orthogonal to and illustratesome of the available sources of faculty mentoring and faculty development programs across themultiple hats faculty wear. Part of our choice of the Meta-Profession project is rooted in itsorigins: the concept grew out of the need to define the role of teaching in a comprehensivefaculty evaluation program [13]. As such, the skills sets described below are formed for use asmentoring/development prompts, a part of faculty evaluation, and a means to supporting

Conference Session

Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristine R. Csavina, Colorado School of Mines; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Trevor Scott Harding, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Patrick Cunningham, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Materials Science Engineering from Alfred University, and received his M.S. and Ph.D., both from Tufts University, in Chemistry and Engineering Education respectively. Dr. Carberry was previously an employee of the Tufts’ Center for Engineering Education & Outreach and manager of the Student Teacher Outreach Mentorship Program (STOMP).Dr. Trevor Scott Harding, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Dr. Trevor S. Harding is Professor of Materials Engineering at California Polytechnic State University where he teaches courses in materials design, biopolymers, and nanocomposites. Dr. Harding has served as PI of a multiinstitutional effort to develop psychological models of the ethical decision making of

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Tuesday 5-Minute Work-in-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George D. Ricco, University of Kentucky; Janet K. Lumpp, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Empirical Study. Paper presented at the International Conference of Design Research Society.Anderson, E. (2003). A place on the corner (2nd Edition ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Atman, C. J., Adams, R. S., Cardella, M. E., Turns, J., Mosborg, S., & Saleem, J. (2007). Engineering design processes: A comparison of students and expert practitioners. Journal of Engineering Education, 96(4), 359-379.Brown, G. S., & Strange, C. (1981). The Relationship of Academic Major and Career Choice Status to Anxiety Among College Freshmen. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 19(3), 328-334. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(81)90067-1Crismond, D. P., & Adams, R. S. (2012). The Informed Design Teaching and Learning

Conference Session

Supply Chain and Logistics in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victor Taratukhin, Stanford University; Yulia Yadgarova P.E., Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Anastasia Stelvaga, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

: M = {X, Y, S, ta, δext , δint , λ},Where:X - set of input events;Y - set of output events;S - set of sequential states (also called the set of partial states);ta - time advance function used to determine the lifespan of a state;δext : Q × X → S - the external transition function defining how an input event changes astate of the systemδint : S → S - the internal transition function describing the way how system state changesinternally ϕ ϕλ :S →Y - is the output function where Y =Y ∪{φ} and φ ∉Y is a ”silent” or an”unobserved” event.Our model consists of the several equipment units represented as atomic models. Units statesare updated dynamically starting from the physical representation of the

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 9: Persistence and Retention

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Meeroff, Florida Atlantic University; Donna Chamely-Wiik, Florida Atlantic University; William R. Kwochka, Western Carolina University; Evelyn Marques Frazier, Florida Atlantic University; Jordan Merritt, Florida Atlantic University; Michael Aldarondo-Jeffries, University of Central Florida; Alison I. Morrison-Shetlar, Western Carolina University; Kimberly R. Schneider, University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, 1524601, and 1524607. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe National Science Foundation.References1. K. Schneider, A. Bickel, and A Morrison-Shetlar, “Planning and implementing a comprehensive student-centered research program for first-year STEM undergraduates,” Journal of College Science Teaching, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 37-43, 2015.2. K. Schneider and A. Bickel, “Undergraduate research apprenticeship model: graduate students matched with STEM first-year mentees,” Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 25-31, 2015.3. J. Frechtling. “The 2002 user-friendly handbook for project evaluation,” National

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 1: Methods Refresh: Approaches to Data Analysis in Engineering Education Research

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas D. Fila, Iowa State University; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Justin L. Hess, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Dayoung Kim, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alison J. Kerr, University of Tulsa; Andrew O. Brightman, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael C. Loui, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Individual Approach Our Team Approach Number of Interviewers One Four Number of Interviews 20-30 42 (plus four pilots) Number of Analysts One Seven Expertise of Analyst(s) Expert/Near Expert Novice to Expert Number of Critics Involved 1-3 All Critics’ Knowledge of Data Limited Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Expertise None (or minimal) Yes (broad)Research Quality in PhenomenographyWalther et al. [2] argued that quality should permeate all aspects of the research design. They de-veloped the Q3 framework to help

Conference Session

M3A: Learning in Context 1

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Jennifer Felder Marley, Valparaiso University; Doug Tougaw P.E., Valparaiso University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

-solving skills and provide them with the culminates in a final design project that requires students totheoretical technical background required in any engineering construct and program a robot that is capable of playingfield. Students are typically required to take a physics and/or “soccer.” It should be noted that direct contact with suchother science course(s), a math course, and an introduction to advanced applications is frequently not encountered until theengineering course. This introduction to engineering course last two years of study.may focus on teamwork, interdisciplinary collaboration,design principles, and a conceptual overview of the various BACKGROUNDengineering disciplines. In

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yusuf A Mehta, Rowan University; Ayman Ali, Rowan University; Parth Bhavsar, Rowan University; Seri Park, Villanova University; Kakan C. Dey, West Virginia University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, while Dr. Ahmed Faheem instructs Materials and Pavement relatedcourses. Table 2. Integration of SHRP2 Products in Other Three Institutions CEE course Level Instructor(s) Temple University (TU) Transportation Engineering Materials Senior\Graduate Structural Design of Pavements Senior\Graduate Ahmed Faheem Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Senior\Graduate Villanova University (VU) Introduction to Transportation Engineering Sophomore Engineering Economics Junior Seri Park Transportation systems Design Senior West Virginia University (WVU) Urban Transportation

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James L. Huff, Harding University; Stephen Secules, University of Georgia; Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Benjamin Okai, Harding University; Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Harding University; Jeremiah Sullins; Shari E. Miller, University of Georgia

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

student learning and professional formation that are well-recognized inengineering education.Additionally, when we understand shame as an internal experience of individuals related to socialconnection, we can see compelling threads of this phenomenon in engineering education research. Forexample, Foor et al.’s ethnography highlights Inez’s painful experience of desiring acceptance by otherengineering students.13 Additionally, in their grounded-theory study on help-seeking behaviors, Herringand Walther highlight how several participants avoided seeking help in classes. As voiced by one of theirparticipants, “I’m thinking about what they think about me, and I don’t want to be thought of as that guythat’s behind or that guy that’s a little bit

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dazhi Yang, Boise State University; Steve R. Swasnon; Bhaskar B. C. Chittoori, Boise State University; Youngkyun Baek, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

; discussion; discussion; decomposition, between group between group testing; communication discussion discussion; try to identifying an etc.) see what works issue(s); reprogramming; retesting (physical actions) Endorsed What does a robot Think about the Talk about ideas; narrative do; what are the blocks you can what we are (abstraction, data parts or pieces

Collection

2012 ERC

Authors

Van Stephen Blackwood

PortfolioGoals for AFOSR to strengthen the Air Force basic researchprogram as defined in AF S&T Strategic Plan: • Provide scientific leadership for the AF basic research enterprise • Attract the Nation’s/World’s best S&Es to contribute to and lead AF/DoD research • Ensure the coherence and balance of the AF basic research portfolio • Foster connections between AFRL researchers and the National/International basic research community • Maximize the discovery potential of the defense research business environment Focus on the Future AF with the ultimate goal to make Today’s AF and Tomorrow’s AF Obsolete! 7 Shaping the

Conference Session

Innovative K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dewey Spangler, Virginia Tech; Olga Pierrakos, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

product multiplication, anduse of i, j, k unit vectors), unit conversions, and dimensional analysis. If they lack calculus orvector algebra, an introductory course in these subjects could be taken during the first semesterof their senior year while taking GSEN. Topics such as vector algebra and dimensional analysiscan easily be integrated into existing algebra and pre-calculus courses. In many cases thesetopics are already being taught and only lack an engineering applications emphasis. In somecases special primer courses can be developed to address deficiencies in pre-requisite subjects.The instructor(s) for a GSEN type course does not need to possess an engineering background(although preferred). Only a background in instructional applied

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

between thestudent and professor. Sometimes the contract is required to specify deliverables.An independent study usually addresses a topic that is not covered in a regular course. Facultycan use them to build up their teaching and research program. For example, an independent studymay be used to introduce a student to a particular research area in which (s)he may pursue athesis (though in some cases, students are not allowed to earn both independent-study and thesiscredits on the same topic). It may also be used to assist another student on a thesis project, aswhen an undergraduate gathers data that a graduate student can use in writing a thesis.Independent studies can also be used to enrich existing courses. A faculty member may want

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurements: Innovative Course Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hong Zhang, Rowan University; Ying Tang, Rowan University; Courtney Richmond, Rowan University; Patricia Mosto, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

ECE Core Course Digital I Computer Networks Microprocessor Design I Networking M Machine Design Engineering Drawing A Hands-on Skills Machining Skill Circuit Design P Java & Visual BASIC S Limnology BIO Core Course Environmental

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ghodrat Karami, North Dakota State University; Robert Pieri, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

ce le ge S ad ca H en M le -R tis at ci ol

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education III

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Yuan-Teng Cheng, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

pattern in the database that mostclosely matches the learner’s error. Once the most similar error pattern has been identified, themisunderstood concept(s) will be displayed for the learner to see. System randomly selects and administers test questions at Pre-test various knowledge levels Questions

Conference Session

Investigating Fuel Cells and Alternative Fuels in the Classroom and Lab

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Pieri, North Dakota State University; Alan Kallmeyer, NDSU; Michael Stewart, North Dakota State University; Leslie Backer, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

lease agreement required that thetractor be returned in the same condition in which it wasreceived, it made a fine test bed for the ensuing project. F i g 1 : T r a c t o r U s e dThe second major resource made available was the easy availability of hydrogen gas resultingfrom the presence of the electrolyzer itself. The unit was a Hydrogenics model HySTAT-30refueling station6 which consists of a generation and compression module, storage ability and adispenser module. This system is capable of producing about 30 kg of hydrogen per day and isable to dispense the gas at controllable pressures up to 5000 psi. The water supplied to this unitwas

Conference Session

K-12 Programs for Girls and Young Women

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Burkett, University of Arkansas; Claire Small, Springdale High School; Charles Rossetti, University of Arkansas; Bryan Hill, University of Arkansas; Carol Gattis, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

was held in Fort Smith, Arkansas where the girls attend the BESTrobotics competition with SHS. During this competition, the girls helped the high schoolstudents staffing the S HS team booth; help out with the robot with repairs, and even driving andspotting the robot during the competition itself. The girls enjoyed the activities tremendously. Page 13.29.6Saturday Activity 2 – Box it UpThe second activity has not occurred at the time of this writing (February 2008). The secondactivity will introduce prototyping using CNC (computer numerical control) and 3D rapidprototyping - technologies used in design and development, manufacturing processes

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Kurtanich, Youngstown State University; William Wood, Youngstown State University; Edward Garchar, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

industryReferences: 1) Clough, G. Wayne (2004). The Engineer of 2020. The National Academy of Sciences. The National Academics Press. Washington, D.C. 2) Todd, Robert H. and S. P. Magleby (2004). “Creating a Process to Design a Capstone Program that Considers Stakeholder Values”, Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 20 – 23, 2004 3) August, Randy, Francis DiBella, Len Dowd, Jerome Tapper, and Joel Weinstein (2006). “A Description of an Integrated Capstone Project Team with Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering Technology Students”, Proceedings of the 2006 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference &

Conference Session

ECE Pedagogy and Assessment I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Northrup, Western New England College; John Burke, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. “Derive and expression for the resistance, Req, for the small-signal circuit.”This homework was graded and returned to the students. If they did not do well, they were givenadditional problems to complete. About a week later, the first quiz was administered. Theresults of this initial change showed marked improvement in the student’s scores on the first quizand exam of the microelectronics course. Details of the improvement are discussed in the resultssection.After the first feedback cycle, a year later, the professors met for a second round of discussionsto find further improvement techniques. This discussion brought to light one of the majordifferences found between the sophomore and junior level courses – other than s-domainanalysis, which was

Collection

2009 GSW

Authors

Charles Baylis; Randall Jean

spectrum analyzer for frequency-domain measurements, which is a new topic tomost of the students entering the course. The second laboratory experience in vector networkanalyzer (VNA) measurements coincides with the lecture topic on network analysis, duringwhich students learn how to calculate S-parameters of electrical two-port networks that containresistors and transmission lines. At this point in the semester, students have obtained a basicgrasp of microwave basic theory and also have learned techniques of measurement equipment.The course then turns to topics of passive circuit design. Matching networks are discussed,including two-element lumped “L-section” networks and distributed, single-stub matching networks.Agilent Technologies’ Advanced

Collection

2009 GSW

Authors

Tzu-Liang (Bill) Tseng; Richard Chou; Yongjin Kwon

spectrum analyzer for frequency-domain measurements, which is a new topic tomost of the students entering the course. The second laboratory experience in vector networkanalyzer (VNA) measurements coincides with the lecture topic on network analysis, duringwhich students learn how to calculate S-parameters of electrical two-port networks that containresistors and transmission lines. At this point in the semester, students have obtained a basicgrasp of microwave basic theory and also have learned techniques of measurement equipment.The course then turns to topics of passive circuit design. Matching networks are discussed,including two-element lumped “L-section” networks and distributed, single-stub matching networks.Agilent Technologies’ Advanced

Conference Session

Beyond Individual Ethics: Engineering in Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byron Newberry, Baylor University; William Lawson, Texas Tech University; Kathy Austin, Texas Tech University; Greta Gorsuch, Texas Tech University; Thomas Darwin, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

qualities of honesty andobjectivity, avoidance of conflicts of interest…and making decision[s] which are fair and basedon merit.” These themes are also consistent with the themes of the NAFTA Code of Ethics,specific to Canada, the US and Mexico, and designed expressly to be equivalently worded inFrench, English and Spanish.15 These themes match well to our module themes 2-6. We havealso included the more specific themes of modules 1, 7, & 8 because engineers and researcherswho will be working in the U.S. should be conversant with the specific laws, rules, andexpectations concerning ethics codes, intellectual property, data integrity, and research practices.Each module is intended to require one hour (nominally) to complete, and consists of the

Conference Session

Integrating Math, Science and Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregg Janowski, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Melinda Lalor, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Hassan Moore, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

; • Develop an innovative 200-level course that meets the needs of engineering students; • Ensure that problems related to engineering are emphasizedThe current manuscript will discuss the process and design of a four semester credit hour coursethat will include the key elements of multivariable calculus and differential equations with theprerequisites of traditional MA 125: Calculus I and MA 126: Calculus II courses.Needs of Engineering Students – Faculty InterviewsThe authors interviewed faculty from Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and ComputerEngineering and Mechanical Engineering who taught any course(s) that had/have either MA 227:Calculus III or MA 252: Introduction to Differential Equations as a prerequisite or had one ofthese courses

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanics of Materials and General Mechanics Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bridget Wadzuk, Villanova University; David Dinehart, Villanova University; Edward Glynn, Villanova University; Shawn Gross, Villanova University; Frank Hampton, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

questionwhether or not the module content best represents the BOK.As this step is the most practical part of the methodology to develop a curriculum, manyquestions about the details of teaching a course like this arise. Some of the modules may not bein accord with the traditional way the topics within the module have been taught. Thus, there arequestions about which examples to use, which textbooks or supplemental material should beused, and which professor(s) will teach the modules. Questions may also arise when combiningtopics in a module that have been taught individually either in a lecture or laboratory setting.This step requires time, patience and communication with those responsible for teaching thematerial and making the semester schedule