Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 10

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Miguel X. Rodriguez-Paz, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Israel Zamora-Hernandez, Tecnologico de Monterrey; Jorge A. Gonzalez-Mendivil, Tecnológico de Monterrey; J. Asuncion Zarate-Garcia, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

as bullying still exists from male students and in rare cases,even from some teachers. This project is a continuous improvement work and in futurepublications, results will be shown on the improvement of numbers of women in eachEngineering program and the overall improvement of their perception. The analysis andconclusions shown in this work can be applied to other regions of the world where similarcultural and economic conditions exist, as women still face many problems not only inside anEngineering faculty but sometimes even at home when they decide for an Engineering career.AcknowledgmentAuthors would like to acknowledge Writing Labs, TecLabs, Tecnologico de Monterrey, for theFinancial Support provided to this project. Special thanks to

Collection

2017 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Wei Zhan

of higher education. The results of the review will be sent back to the university toaddress shortcomings identified by the review team. An on-site review team of peers will do acampus visit. A fifth year interim report is also required between the reaffirmations. SACSCOCrequires that a Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) is in place for continuous improvement. Proceedings of the 2017 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section Annual Conference Organized by The University of Texas at Dallas Copyright © 2017, American Society for Engineering Education 2017 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section Annual ConferenceThere are many similar software packages that can be used for academic program

Collection

2017 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Tariq Khraishi; Kristine Denman

start of the project in earnest was in Spring 2012. The 5-year, 2 million dollar Projectinvolves the UNM School of Engineering (SOE) only which is composed of four engineeringdepartments (Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical/Nuclear) and the Computer Sciencedepartment. This Project revolves around the main goals of the National STEP Program and has thefollowing main four components:  Mentoring: About 25 mentors participate (5 faculty members nominally from each of the five departments) in 6 mentoring sessions a year—3 per semester, with some older peers involvement. Each group size varies by major/department. Last session is a talk by an expert (industrial or academic). Two of the sessions involve career development

Collection

2019 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Kishore Chidella; Srikanth Gampa; Abdulrahman Almohaimeed

is considered between 2014-2018that are offered in fall semesters. The statistics were analyzed and then the labs are modifiedbased on students’ feedback (SPTE) and from the grading statistics. The lab has 10 experimentsin total, which is divided into two parts. The first part comprises 5 labs, and these are executedon IDE68K tool by writing the code in Assembly Language. The IDE68K suite is compatible toassembly or C programs and can be executed on built-in simulators (Topaloglu, T. and Gürdal,O., 2010). The second part needs C language and a DEMOEM hardware. This hardware withhands-on experience brings more advantage and eases the theory understanding. To bring thebetter outcome from students, where they are capable to compete with the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Rabb; David Chang, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

4 engineering tools and techniques. [ABET Criterion 3 Outcomes (b) and (k)] 5. Communicate solutions clearly, both orally and in writing. [ABET Criterion 3 4 Outcome (g)] 6. Work effectively in diverse teams. [ABET Criterion 3 Outcome (d)] 3 7. Apply professional and ethical considerations to engineering problems. [ABET 3 Criterion 3 Outcome (f)] 8. Incorporate understanding and knowledge of societal, global and other contemporary issues in the development of engineering solutions that meet

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Program Outcomes* Semester Course Title Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 ENGL 1101 English Composition x x ETCE 1121 Construction Methods x 1st Semeter ETGR 1100 ET Computer Appklications x (16 hours) ETGR 1103 Technical Drawing I x ETGR 1201 Intro to ET Practices & Principles x x x x x MATH 1100 College Algebra and Probability x ENGL 1102 Writing in the Academic Community x x ETCE 1211 Surveying I

Conference Session

Bioengineering laboratories: Bringing research into the classroom

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rupa Iyer, University of Houston (CoE)

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

of discussion. For example, a lecture on patenting biotechnologyinventions will be followed by a presentation on patent law. The courses will end with acapstone activity in which students will use the information that they have learned and tietogether the central concepts of the course by writing a business proposal for a biotech start up.4b. Designing and disseminating project-based laboratoryThree sets of activity modules will cover topics from microbiology techniques, moleculartechniques and applications to biomanufacturing techniques/technology and introduction tonanotechnology. The common theme that connects these modules will be the soil bacteriumPseudomonas dimunita, its OP gene, the gene product and applications in

Conference Session

Women, Minorities and the New Engineering Educator

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annette Mallory Donawa; Clifton Martin, Morgan State University; Carl White, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

CANDIDATE | CARL WHITE, PHD, ASSOCIATE DEANAbstract Teaching and learning in the American school system should be directed towardcreating self-guided, independent thinkers. Teachers who are committed to creating acritical thinking environment realize that the primary purpose of all education is to teachstudents how to learn effectively. More importantly, institutions of higher education,specifically those whose mission statements include educating students who may notbe as academically prepared as their peers, may want to consider re-engineering theircurricula so that they can produce self-guided independent thinkers. This mixed methods research study will examine the affect of critical thinkinginstruction in a

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Smith, U. of St. Thomas - St. Paul

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

assesspossible vulnerabilities. They perform simple risk assessments in which they must balance theimpact of security measures against the potential reduction in risk. They also write security plansin which they describe the security measures that must be implemented to block specificweaknesses in a system.Each type of student work here is considered in the light of Bloom’s taxonomy for cognitivelearning objectives4. In Bloom’s taxonomy, there are six levels of cognitive learning objectives: Page 13.255.6 • 1. Knowledge • 2. Comprehension • 3. Application • 4. Analysis • 5. Synthesis • 6. EvaluationThe upper 3 are generally

Conference Session

Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Welker, Villanova University; Lance Kenney, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

having studied overseas for at least a semester). The number ofsummer programs has also doubled in that time, jumping from nine to 18. These totals led toVillanova University this year being ranked fourth nationally by Open Doors6 in its category foroverseas student totals. In 2001, Villanova (like many of its peer schools) adopted a home tuitionpolicy. Under the home tuition policy, students participating in overseas education programs paythe standard Villanova tuition regardless of the overseas location. Students may apply theirVillanova financial aid to study abroad, just as they do when studying on campus.The Mission Statement of the OIS is as follows: The Office of International Studies and Overseas Programs fulfills the

Conference Session

Improving ME Instructional Laboratories

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sorin Cioc, University of Toledo; Constantin Ciocanel, University of Toledo; K Cyril Masiulaniec, University of Toledo; Douglas Oliver, University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

behind." The report of the Commission on theFuture of Higher Education1 mentions that today our universities are not preparing the workforceneeded to compete in a global economy. Employers often complain that "new graduates they hireare not prepared to work, lacking the critical thinking, writing and problem-solving skills neededin today's workplaces." Even sources not agreeing with the statement that higher education is in acrisis recognize that the most valuable strengths of our system, “initiative, independence,resourcefulness and collaboration” must be continuously cultivated3.The Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME) from theUniversity of Toledo, after numerous talks with the alumni and with

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Lee, San Jose State University; Stacy Gleixner, San Jose State University; Tai-Ran Hsu, San Jose State University; David Parent, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

reveal a strong trendtoward engineering more functionality in smaller dimensional scale. Examples of technologyareas include wireless communication, portable audio, and digital video. Accelerometers inlaptop computers, pressure sensors inside automobile tires, and micromirrors for wide-area videodisplays are some specific transducers that show how microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)are growing more ubiquitous in engineered systems. Other common examples include diskread/write heads, inkjet printing nozzles, and bio-analysis chips.1,2 Such devices add relativelylittle cost to engineered products, yet contribute dramatic benefits in safety, speed, reliability,and functional performance. MEMS enable new products using much less spatial volume

Conference Session

Topics in Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Idaho State University; Michael Lineberry, Idaho State University; Karen Leibert, Idaho State University; Anne Mollberg, Idaho National Laboratory

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

substantiallyreducing or even eliminating the related threats of nuclear weapons proliferation by eithernational or sub-national groups.Final Report Topic 3: Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (PACT)Fellows working on the PACT project will be given data about four different countries,each on a different continent, from which to choose. After deciding which country’s needsto address, the team will have the opportunity to gather more data and information and thendetermine what is the most appropriate next step for that country in providing adequateradiotherapy for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Based on your research, your teamwill write a proposal to the IAEA requesting funding for the initiative your teamrecommends.The result . . .The enthusiasm

Conference Session

ChE: Innovations in Student Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Young, University of Auckland; Robert Kirkpatrick, University of Auckland; William Svrcek, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

of written and oral reporting is again employed for assessment. Assessment tasksincluded: preliminary BFD by hand (mid semester 1); mass and heat balance and preliminaryPFD both by hand quickly followed by a PFD review (mid-end semester 1); preliminarysubmission and group progress interview (end semester 1); process simulation, revised PFD andinitial P&IDs (mid semester 2); final design report (end semester 2); final individual interviewand peer review (end of semester 2).5. Student EvaluationsThe open-ended approach described has been implemented and evaluated since 1975 at Calgaryand more recently at Auckland. Most student feedback upon graduation is that the course is a lotof work, but they learned a lot; Working in groups not always

Conference Session

ABET Accreditation of Multidisciplinary Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan Gosink, Colorado School of Mines; Sherra Kerns, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; John Weese, Texas A&M University; Edwin Jones, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

are also asked to statehow their background and experience can contribute to the engineering accreditation process,and to describe their contributions to improving gender and cultural diversity. During fall 2005,more than 40 applications were received. The candidates are highly qualified, and most are fromthe programs affected, so that peer evaluation will be a reality. The first training session willoccur at the 2006 ASEE Conference and Exposition in Chicago.Training Materials for PEVsTraining sessions for PEVs will follow the standard ABET procedure, consisting primarily ofmaterials prepared for this purpose by ABET 2. In most of the other professional societies(ASME, ASCE, IEEE, etc.), these materials are supplemented with discipline

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ken Vickers, University of Arkansas; Ron Foster, University of Arkansas; Greg Salamo, University of Arkansas

curricula by major professor and cohort group manager • Formal planning of research with Microsoft Project, including monthly reporting • Peer mentoring on research planning in student-led weekly group meetings • Research progress summary reports by semester • Resume and curriculum plan updates by semester • Summer short courses on narrow topics using industrial style scheduling • Research presentations on current hot issues using industrial format reporting • Solicitation-style candidacy exam process, with open written source access • Creativity and team building through industrial-style one to two day seminars • Formal summer classes in Ethics, and Proposal Writing and Management • Formal fall/spring

Conference Session

1st Year Retention Programs for Women Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Urban, Arizona State University; Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Faye Navabi, Arizona State University; Debra Banks, Consultant

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

with a review ofcourse material for the exam. The sample exam helped students identify the topics that they werefinding hard to understand so as to put extra effort to study those topics for the exam.The following two student comments on the workshop were indicative of the success: “Sampleexams are awesome, I recommend future students utilize the workshop” and “Tell other studentsto go to workshop as much as possible as it is helpful”. Students found sample exams to beextremely helpful and wanted to have extended workshop hours during review for exams.Students felt that the group discussions held in workshop, as well as interaction with peers wasvery helpful.The next section of this paper discusses the role of the placement examination as the

Conference Session

Student Learning and Teamwork

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charlie Edmonson, University of Dayton; Donna Summers, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

sufficientplanning is the first step in effectively managing time. Following a lecture on timemanagement, students are asked to write down their weekly schedule. For two weeks,students are asked to record their actual day-to-day activities. The original schedule isthen compared with their actual experiences. From this exercise, class discussion centerson developing team time management skills that will help them stay on track and ontarget.Conducting effective meetingsWithout good leadership, a meeting can become an unproductive waste of time. Poorlyrun meetings nearly always exhibit the same problems: no specific or clearly definedobjective(s) for the meeting or the participants; no meeting agenda; unprepared leaders orparticipants; and the wrong choice of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Audrey Briggs Champagne; Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254–284.11. Bangert-Drowns, R.L., C.C. Kulik, J.A. Kulik, & M.T. Morgan. (1991). The instruction effect of feedback in test-like events. Review of Educational Research, 61(2), 218–238.12. Kulhavy, R.W., & W.A. Stock. (1989). Feedback in written instruction: The place of response certitude. Educational Psychology Review, 1(4), 279–308.13. Nelson, M.M. & C.D. Schunn. (2009). The nature of feedback: how different types of peer feedback affect writing performance. Instructional Science, 37(4), 375–401.14. Bjorklund, S.A., J.M. Parente, & D. Sathianathan. (2002). Effects of faculty interaction and feedback on gains in student skills. Journal of Engineering Education, 93(2

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denny C. Davis, Washington State University; Jennifer E LeBeau, Washington State University; Michael S. Trevisan, Washington State University; Howard P Davis, Washington State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Washington State University; Brian F French, Washington State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

instructional methods and classroom conditions. Moreover, writing competitivegrant proposals requires assessment of envisioned project impacts to obtain initial funding and toargue for subsequent funding. A major obstacle to each of these assessment challenges islocating the correct instruments for the situation at hand and the outcomes to be measured. Thispaper describes the development of a web-based aid for locating desired instruments while alsogrowing the assessment capacity of engineering educators using an online search tool: theAppraisal System for Superior Engineering Education Evaluation-Instrument Sharing andScholarship (ASSESS).ASSESSThe ASSESS project is a National Science Foundation (NSF) Transforming UndergraduateEducation in STEM (TUES

Conference Session

Perspectives and Approaches to Teaching Simulation and Design-Based Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David L. Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Warren D. Seider, University of Pennsylvania; Margot A Vigeant, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

research interests lie in the areas of educational scholarship, including teaching and advising effectiveness, academic integrity, process design instruction, and the integration of writing, speaking, and computing within the curriculum.Dr. Warren D. Seider, University of Pennsylvania Dr. Warren D. Seider is a professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Penn- sylvania. He received a B.S. from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Michigan. For many years, he has contributed to the fields of process analysis, simula- tion, design, and control. In process design, he co-authored FLOWTRAN Simulation—An Introduction and Product, and Process Design

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technology Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Niaz Latif, Purdue University Calumet ; Mohammad A. Zahraee, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech); Joy L Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

South Dakota State University (SDSU); both degrees are in Agricultural Engineering. He holds a B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Chittagong in Bangladesh. Dr. Latif has authored/co-authored numerous refereed journal articles and peer reviewed conference proceedings articles and has made national and interna- tional conference presentations. His publication record includes articles related to academic program development and assessment of academic programs. Dr. Latif was the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Engineering Technology.Dr. Mohammad A. Zahraee, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech) Mohammad A. Zahraee became Assistant Dean for Graduate Studies at School of Technology in 2010. He holds

Conference Session

K-12 Professional Development II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald H Rockland, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Levelle Burr-Alexander, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Howard S. Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology; John D. Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Linda S Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Thomas Michael Tylutki, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

appropriate input/output (I/O) devices and LEGO components; construct a physical model; and write a software program that integrates the NXT brick for the computer-assisted surgery. 3. Illustrate the science, technology, and mathematics principles that are integrated into mock computer-assisted medical procedures and select the appropriate student performance indicators from the state content standards. 4. Apply an engineering design process to research, design, construct, computer program, and communicate robot designs for mock surgical procedures. 5. Prepare one or more lesson plans that integrate mock surgical procedures into the school/district curriculum, and propose instructional strategies or practices such

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ravi P. Ramachandran, Rowan University; Kevin D. Dahm, Rowan University; Richard J. Kozick, Bucknell University; Robert M Nickel, Bucknell University; Sachin Shetty, Tennessee State University; Robi Polikar, Rowan University; Ying Tang, Rowan University; Steven H. Chin, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

serving as the department chair. His current research interests include incremental and online learning, learning in nonstationary and evolving environments, ensemble based systems, and various applications of computational intelligence in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering. He has over 140 peer-reviewed papers in journals and conference proceedings. Dr. Polikar is a senior member of IEEE, and member of ASEE, Tau Beta Pi, and Eta Kappa Nu. His recent and current works are funded primarily through NSF’s CAREER and Energy, Power and Adaptive Systems Programs. He is also an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.Dr. Ying Tang, Rowan University Ying Tang received the B.S. and

Conference Session

Project Based Learning In ET Program

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. S. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #7448Course-Related Undergraduate Projects for DynamicsDr. B. S. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University B. S. SRIDHARA Dr. B. S. Sridhara is a professor in the Department of Engineering Technology at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his B.S.M.E. and M.S.M.E. degrees from Bangalore University and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He received his M.S.M.E. and Ph. D. degrees from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, and Auburn University, Alabama. Dr. Sridhara has published several peer-reviewed articles in the areas of Acoustics, Vibration, finite element methods

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Multidisciplinary Instruction

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey R Seay, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

modules begin with a 1 – 2 page written overview by the course instructor. This overviewoutlines the key topics, the expected learning outcomes and provides a brief introduction to thesubject matter. Next, each module contains 1 or 2 reading assignments – usually peer reviewedjournal articles, published technical reports or book chapters covering the subject matter of themodule. To ensure that the students read and comprehend the assignment, they are required tosubmit a 1 – 2 page memo summarizing each reading assignment. Next, the modules contain anopen ended assignment, which usually involved exploring a web-based resource on the topic.For example, for the module on Energy Systems Sustainability Metrics the students are asked toexplore the Dow

Conference Session

Curriculum Issues in Graphics

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Dioselin Gonzalez; Ronald Glotzbach; Carlos Morales

displaying 3D models.Director is able to render 3D scenes saved in Shockwave 3D (SW3) format usingOpenGL or DirectX. Most CAD packages are unable to write in this format directly. Tominimize the number of steps imposed on the users of the systems, the author decided towrite importers into director that could read any common file formats such as OBJ andDXF. Exporters for 3DS Max, Maya, and Lightwave 3D provided SWD files from thoserespective packages.Director’s 3D environment is extremely powerful. It allows scripting of any aspect of the3D world including vertices, lights, shaders, etc. Thus not only could models beimported but they could also be animated on the fly.In authoring mode, it is relatively easy to issue commands using Lingo to drive

Conference Session

Instrumentation in the Classroom

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Eric Hansberry; Guido Lopez

and inexpensive tools such as screwdrivers, wire-cutting pliers, and soldering stations. The instructor provided these tools when needed and, inmany instances, students were able to carry the units with them and work on their assembly athome, in the classroom, or even at outdoor campus resting areas, without the need of a shoproom or a lab.During the oral presentation to their peers, students are required to explain the standard concepts Page 8.854.3and principles of instrumentation inherent to their projects, issues faced during the design process, “Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference

Conference Session

Teaching Design

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Erik De Graaff; Gillian Saunders-Smits

the final (fourth) period of the third year the final project of the Bachelor program takes place.The Design Synthesis Exercise lasts 10 weeks and is only accessible for students who havecompleted the first two years of the curriculum. Students work in groups of 10 students on adesign topic chosen from a selection of topics. Each disciplinary group in the faculty is asked toprovide one or two principle tutor who must write a multi-disciplinary design assignmentsuitable this level of students. The project can therefore be classed as a problem project.The objectives of the design synthesis exercise are to enhance the student’s skills in6: - Designing - Application of knowledge - Communication (discussion, presentation, reporting

Conference Session

Curricular Change Issues

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Kathleen Harper; Robert J. Gustafson; John Merrill; John Demel; Richard Freuler

undergraduateteaching associates or peer mentors constitute the teaching team. The teams attend a workshopprior to the beginning of the quarter. The workshops vary from one and one-half to three daysdepending on the material to be covered and the expertise of the teaching team members. Thisworkshop includes material on how students learn, learning styles, cognitive growth in the collegeyears, assessment, standard practices, the use of the technology in the classroom along withWebCT, alternative methodologies, and the course contents. They also are instructed how to usethe collaborative exercises which are included in teaching materials.Instructional Practices - While the faculty can change the instructional materials to suit their stylesand methodologies