Conference Session

Successful Grant Proposals

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Houdeshell, Sinclair Community College; Paul Giguere, Sinclair Community College; Gilah Pomeranz, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

take the course in the face-to-face 0.4 -0.8*** 0.4 0.0format? Distance-learning? or Hybrid formats?How easy would it be to work with other students in learning the 1.2* 1.0*** 0.7* 0.8material in the face-to-face format? Distance-learning?or Hybridformats? Page 11.337.5Paired data t-test probabilities: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, Sample sizes: a = 24, b = 56, c= 18, d= 7 The next section addresses two of the questions raised in objective 4: Test the effectivenessof the hybrid delivery method by comparing student performance and retention in at least

Collection

2006 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Robert Avanzato

the Robo-Hoops were similar with the exception of one question (#9) which dealtwith a specific feature of the firefighting contest. 1. What is your intended major? 2. Including the spring 2005 semester, how many semesters of college have you completed? 3. What was the name of your firefighting robot? 4. Have you ever entered a previous Firefighting robot contest before spring of 2005? Yes No 5. Did you personally attend the Abington campus firefighting robot contest on Sunday, April 3, 2005? Yes No 6. What robot controller did your robot use in spring 2005 Firefighting robot contest? a. Handyboard b. LegoMindstorms RCX c. Palm PDA d. Basic Stamp

Conference Session

Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeanne Homer, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

it is taught by a team of three architects,one of whom specializes in environmental controls, and one structural engineer, and the size ofthe class varies from 30 to 45 students. Both architecture and architectural engineering studentsare required to take this course. The course requirements are somewhat different for the twomajors, and often less than a quarter of the class is AE students. We have come to call this theComprehensive Semester because it not only requires the use of information learned throughoutthe curriculum, but also incorporates a studio, a technology seminar, and a management courseinto a tightly knit whole. Throughout the semester, all students integrate architectural design withmechanical and structural systems design

Conference Session

International Exchange/Joint Programs in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Helge Bøhn, Virginia Tech; Manfred Hampe, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt

Tagged Divisions

International

proficiency(or the equivalent), as compared to the more demanding UNIcert Level III language proficiencythat is required for the senior year abroad program 9. The German language faculty at VirginiaTech estimate that a student earning the grade “B+” in GER 2106 at Virginia Tech should beable to pass the UNIcert Level II exam. This corresponds to 12 semester credit hours [24 CP] ofGerman language instruction. In the case of the UNIcert Level III exam, it is estimated that thegrade “B” in GER 3106 at Virginia Tech should suffice (18 semester credit hours [36 CP] ofGerman language instruction). These correlations will be monitored to assist students inplanning their entry into the dual Masters degree program without first having participated in

Conference Session

Convergence of Quality Assurance Systems Around the Globe

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Friesen, University of Manitoba; Myron (Ron) Britton, University of Manitoba

Tagged Divisions

International

: University of Manitoba, 1992.16 Kisst Hackett, R., and Martin, G.R., “Faculty Support for Minority Engineering Programs,” Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 87, No. 1, 1998, pp. 87-95.17 Reichert, M., and Absher, M., “Graduate Engineering Education of Underrepresented Populations,” Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 87, No. 3, 1998, pp. 257-267.18 Van Aken, E.M., Watford, B., and Medina Borja, A., “The Use of Focus Groups for Minority Engineering Program Assessment,” Journal of Engineering Education, Vol, 88, No. 3, 1999, pp. 333-343.19 Adams, R.S., Atman, C.J., Nakamura, R., Kalonji, G., and Denton, D., “Assessment of an International Freshman Research and Design Experience: A Triangulation Study,” International Journal of

Collection

2006 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Stanley Rolfe, University of Kansas; Francis M. Thomas, University of Kansas

general public; they are the results of tested research and experience and are acquired through a special discipline of education and practice. b. Engineering requires a body of distinctive knowledge (science) and art (skill). 4. It must have group consciousness for the promotion of technical knowledge and professional ideals and for rendering social services. 5. It should have legal status and must require well-formulated standards of admission.”Furthermore, AAES states that those who claim to practice a profession must: 1. “Have a service motive, sharing their advances in knowledge, guarding their professional integrity and ideals, and rendering gratuitous public service in

Conference Session

Leadership and Administration in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harvey Lyons, Eastern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, July, 1998.13. Dick, K.J., Stimpson, B., “A Course in Technology and Society for Engineering Students,” Journal of Engineering Education, January, 1999.14. Sabulski, C.P., “The Emerging Field os nanotechnology,” Techdirections, October, 2004.15. Wu, C., “Sweating the Small Stuff,” ASEE Prism, October, 2004.16. ASEE’s International Engineering Education Digest, March, 2005.17. Srinivasan, K., “Letter From the Chair,” The Exchange, The Ohio State University, Summer, 2005.18. The Michigan Professional Engineer, August, 2005.19. Simpson, J.C., “Curriculum Changes Are Key to Diversity in Engineering Education,” John Hopkins Magazine, October, 2005.20. Katehi, L., “The Global Engineer,” Purdue University, July 22-23, 2004.21. Bunkley III

Conference Session

Integrating H&SS in Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Riley, Smith College; Lionel Claris, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

2006-259: POWER/KNOWLEDGE: USING FOUCAULT TO PROMOTECRITICAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF CONTENT AND PEDAGOGY INENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICSDonna Riley, Smith College Donna Riley is Assistant Professor in the Picker Engineering Program at Smith College. Her work focuses on implementing liberative pedagogies in engineering education.Lionel Claris, Smith College Lionel Claris holds a master's degree in education from Smith College and currently teaches Spanish and French to elementary school students in Springfield, MA. He is a passionate advocate for new ways of thinking about learning, involved locally in the Holistic School Project of Amherst and the Re-radicalization of Hampshire College

Conference Session

Reforming the Industrial Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon Johnson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Diane Strong, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Jamshed Mistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

thenmeasuring the effectiveness of the modules in achieving these outcomes.References1. Bandura, A., Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, NY, 1997.2. Bandura, A., Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986.3. Compeau, D.R. and C. A. Higgins, “Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test”, MIS Quarterly (19:2): 189-211, 1995.4. Davenport, T. H., J. G. Harris, D. W. De Long, and A. L. Jacobson, “Data to Knowledge to Results: Building an Analytic Capability”, California Management Review (43:2): 117-138, 2002.5. Dishaw, M. T., D. M. Strong, and D. B. Bandy, “Extending the Task-Technology Fit Model with Self-efficacy

Conference Session

Assessment Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abi Aghayere, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-906: THE EFFICACY OF ONGOING COURSE ASSESSMENT FORENHANCING STUDENT LEARNING IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN COURSESAbi Aghayere, Rochester Institute of Technology Dr. Abi Aghayere is a professor of civil engineering technology at RIT, and the 2004-05 recipient of RIT’s prestigious Eisenhart Award for Outstanding Teaching. He is also one of the recipients of the 2003 ASEE Best Paper Award. He received a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Lagos, a S.M. in Structural Engineering from MIT, and a Ph.D. in Structural Engineering from the University of Alberta. Dr. Aghayere is a licensed professional engineer in Ontario, Canada

Conference Session

Physical Models and Other Interactive Tools

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

treatment of steels (post 1870,anyway) in order to make a shoe that was both hard enough and tough enough to take thekind of beating that a galloping horse can dish out. I suppose you could also wear chaps anda 10-gallon hat while doing this demonstration, but I've never been inspired to go quite thatfar...B. Statics: The Amazing Weight-Loss Program!! Figure 7. The Amazing Weight-Loss ProgramBottom Line Up Front: This is a simple demonstration of the perpendicular and parallelcomponents of a force vector on an inclined plane developed by Tom Messervey and JohnRichards. By weighing a student or instructor first on the floor and then at some inclination,a “loss of weight” is observed (Figure 7).PrincipalThe spring scale is

Conference Session

Innovation in Teaching Engineering Economics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Cunha, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

syllabusThe main points discussed in classroom were: 1) The Decision Making Process 2) Review on Economic Engineering 3) Risk Analysis a. Definition; b. Decision tree analysis; c. Uncertainty analysis; d. Review on probability and statistics; e. Sensitivity analysis. Page 11.398.3 4) Implementation of Risk Analysis a. Petroleum Engineering applications. 5) Error and Uncertainty 6) Case Studies 7) Government Policies and RegulationsIn items 3, 4 and 5 various examples available in the current literature were discussed4,5,6,7,8. Acomputer software for Monte Carlo simulation of simple problems was distributed

Conference Session

Revitalizing Cooperative Education and Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

the Work Settinga. The functions, products, or services of your employing organization.b. The organizational structure of your employer.c. The relationship of your unit or department to the overall structure.d. The objectives of your position. The utilization of your technical background in the position.II. Duties and Responsibilitiesa. A detailed account of your major activities to date (emphasis on the specific technical functions of your position.)b. Any additional responsibilities you anticipate before the completion of your co-op assignment.c. Your assignments and their relationship to your field of study.III. Relationship to Career Goals and College Studya. Ways in which your career goals have been reinforced or modified.b

Conference Session

Professional Development Programs for Teachers

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. David Burghardt, Hofstra University; Maryann Llewellyn, Uniondale School District

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

solution of a word problem—How is your animal adapted to your biome (e.g. Page 11.558.6 food procurement, body covering, teeth, eye placement)? Figure 1 Student Science Understanding Using Bloom's Taxonomy 6 5 4 Knowledge 3 Comprehension Application 2 1 0 A B C D E F G H I J Student Table 2 Math Topic—Working with ScaleKnowledge Level—Verbalizations/language used by

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Lovitts, National Academy of Engineering; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

57.3%Note: “Teams” contains the following subcategories with the following number of articles coded to them: cross-functional (1), multidisciplinary (14), vertically integrated (1), and virtual (1).The Educational Technology subcategory codes technologies used to improve teaching andlearning typically in a “real-time” classroom or laboratory setting. It was the second mostfrequently coded subcategory, with 18.5 percent of all interventions. Within this subcategory,multimedia, simulation, and interactive technologies were the most common (see Table 2.b). Page 11.496.6Table 2.b. Interventions related to educational technology

Conference Session

Topics in Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leonard Bond, Idaho National Laboratory; Robert Wharton, Idaho State University; Andrew Kadak, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Kevin Kostelnik, Idaho National Laboratory

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

of estimates for future global energy reserves based on one of many global energyuse scenarios is shown in Figure 1. This scenario assumes the rapid development anddeployment of advanced nuclear energy technologies used together with a closed nuclear fuelcycle.Although the world may not be running out of energy, it can be argued that it is running out ofthe types of hydrocarbon-based energy that are currently the basis for global energy delivery.Two critical challenges are (a) developing an integrated and coordinated approach – at the globallevel – that enables an orderly transition to an advanced energy future that is sustainable,affordable, and has limited environmental impact and that can meet growing global energydemands, and (b

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa McNair, Virginia Tech; Tamara Knott, Virginia Tech; Mary Leigh Wolfe, Virginia Tech; Marie Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference & Exposition, Portland, OR.5 Open Source Portfolio Initiative (OSPI). Accessed Jan 18, 2006. Last updated November 18, 2005.6 Walvoord, B. E. and Anderson, V.J. (1998). Effective Grading: A Tool for Learning and Assessment. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Page 11.390.11

Collection

2006 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Pedro Leite, Kansas State University at Salina; Beverlee Kissick, Kansas State University at Salina

Competencies Development, which has been defined as“the knowledge, skills and personal attributes needed to live and work in a diverse world.”2Following is a summary of these competencies: 1. Knowledge – Awareness and understanding needed to live and work in a diverse world. a. Cultural Self – The ability to understand one's ethnic identity and how it influences identity development. b. Diverse Ethnic Groups – Knowledge of diverse ethnic groups and their cultures. c. Social/Political/Economic/Historical Frameworks – Awareness of how social, political, economic and historical issues impact race and ethnic relations in the world. d. Changing Demographics – Understanding

Collection

2006 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

E. N. Bart; J. Kisutcza

graphical output will consistof the following: a. Number of ideal stages at total reflux b. Minimum reflux ratio c. Number of ideal stages and optimum feed location for a given reflux d. The same for real plates or stagesNumerical values are provided for each of the above on the graphs. Additional numerical outputis the tower diameter, the weir length, the required tray spacing and the product of the trayspacing and the number of real stages. The input required must be the distillate mole fraction, the feed mole fraction and thebottoms mole fraction all given for the more volatile component. In addition the value of q (SeeTreybal4 pages 341-343) must be stated in order establish the state of the feed. The

Conference Session

What's New in Mechanics of Materials?

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nashwan Younis, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

., “Mode I Stress Intensity Factor by the Method of Caustics,” TheInternational Journal of Applied Engineering Education, Vol. 7, pp. 294-302, 1991.2. Younis, N. T., “Experimental Method of Caustics for Civil and Mechanical Engineering Students,”Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Portland, Oregon,June 12-15, 2005.3. Steif, P. S., “Initial Data from a Statics Concept inventory,” Proceedings of the American Society forEngineering Education Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 20-23, 2004.4. Philpot, T. A., Hubing, N., Flori, R. E., Hall, R. H., Oglesby, D. B., and Yellamraju V., “Computer-Based Instructional Media for Mechanics of Materials,” International Journal of Engineering Education,Online

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuyi Lin, University of Missouri-Columbia; Donald Harby, University of Missouri-Columbia; Dong Y. Jang; Wei Zheng, Xiamen Unviersity, China

Tagged Divisions

International

, and one forsolving nonlinear problem that is based on Genetic Algorithm. Online manual and exampleswere also provided. Figures 7(a) and 7(b) show the web interface. Linear problem is mucheasier since the solution process does not require recompiling and linking of objective programmodules. However, once the online remote compilation problem was solved, similar interface(CGI) can be used to run other program that requires online and remote compilation, such aslinking finite element program and optimization program to create design automation tool. Page 11.1438.7

Conference Session

Research in Minority Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Angela Linse, Temple University; Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland; Matt Eliot, University of Washington; Jana Jones, Microsoft Corp.; Steve Lappenbusch, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

, developing and revising a teachingstatement, identifying and annotating teaching artifacts, developing a diversity statement,compiling a complete draft portfolio, and outlining a professional development plan. The ETPPis peer-led and peer-focused. Participants rotate the leadership role for each session andfacilitate the sessions without supervision by faculty or professional staff.Key features of this program include: a) a focus on graduate students, b) a series of activitiesthat collectively help students develop a teaching portfolio, and c) a peer-led structure with astrong peer evaluation component. The program has these elements for three primary reasons.First, we have an interest in helping improve the flow in the engineering educator pipeline

Conference Session

FPD7 -- Service Learning

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

P.K. Raju, Auburn University; Chetan Sankar, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

: (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability (d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams (e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems (f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility (g) an ability to communicate effectively (h)the broad education necessary to understand the

Conference Session

ECE Laboratory Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kain Osterholt, Belcan Corp.; Adam Vaccari, Caterpillar Incorporated; Joe Faivre, Caterpillar Incorporated; Gary Dempsey, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

(ANNIE) '99 Conference, St. Louis, Mo., November 1999.4. Demp sey, G., Me issner, M ., and S pevacek, C. "U sing a C MAC Neural N etwork in N oisy Environments," Proc eedings of the Artificial N eural N etworks in Enginee ring (ANN IE) '03 Conference, St. Louis, M o., November 2003.5. Simulink, MA TLA B, SimM echanics, and the Virtual Reality Toolbox, The M athWo rks, Inc., 24 Prime Park Way, Natick, MA., http://www.mathworks.com.6. Grace, A. “Simulink, An Integrated Environment for Simulation and Control”, Proceedings of the 1991 American Control Conference, Boston, MA., June 1991.7. Faivre, J. “Development of Force Control Capability for Backhoe Loader Testbed”, MSEE Thesis, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois, August 2005.8

Conference Session

Teaching with Technology in Dynamics and Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Nordenholz, California Maritime Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

method of incorporating animation into the student experience in the analysis of dynamics(especially vibrations) problems is presented. After a student models the problem, draws free-body diagrams, and derives equations of motion, he/she then obtains the solution for the positioncoordinates as functions of time. The student generates and plots the solution within a simpleMATLAB program in which all parameters, such as mass, stiffness, damping, lengths, initialconditions, etc. can be easily changed. The solution can be generated using either a closed formsolution or a numerical differential equation solver. In either case, at the end of the program, thestudent can animate his/her own solution by running an animation function file provided by

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M.P. Sharma, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

International

research for students and scholars around the world.Currently, India and China have caught attention of the world as being fastest growing nations intechnology, industry, economy, and science & engineering education. That combined with thedeplorable September 11 terrorist episode has set in motion a new phenomenon that relates todemand, supply, recruitment, and hiring of international graduate students in USA and in otherdeveloped countries. This paper is based on a case study to understand the cause of both (a)nation-wide decline in the number of high quality international applicants in engineeringgraduate programs, and (b) decline in numbers of those who actually end up joining after offersare made. The author conducted this study when he

Conference Session

Building Communities for Engineering Education Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University; Robin Adams, Purdue University; Monica Cox, Purdue University; Deborah Follman, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, R., Oakes, W., and Wankat, P. (2004). "Development of Graduate Programs in Engineering Education," ASEE National Conference Proceedings, Salt Lake City, UT.3. Kohun, F. and Ali, A. (2005). Isolation Feelings in Doctoral Programs: A Case Study Issues in Information Systems, Vol VI, No 1-2, http://www.iacis.org/iis/4. Nyquist, J. N., Manning, L., Wulff, D.H., Austin, A.E., Sprague, J., Fraser, P.K., Calcagno, C., & Woodford, B. (1999). “On the road to becoming a professor: The graduate student experience.” Change, 18-27. http://www.grad.washington.edu/envision/resources/road.html5. Nyquist, J. and Wulff, D.H. Re-envisioning the PhD - Recommendations from National Studies on Doctoral Education, http

Conference Session

Improving ME instructional laboratories

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Layton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James Mayhew, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

right venue for this learningobjective. Rather, we moved that open-ended project to the senior-level lab course, after thestudents had learned (a) how to confidently use several common transducers, and (b) how tocollect, analyze, and present data in a credible manner for a well-defined problem.In the week-4 lab period, devoted to the project, students are generally able to fabricate theapparatus they designed in week 3 and make a preliminary measurement. At this early stage, ourobjective is for students to get a rough value for their result even if they haven’t had time toassemble all the transducers they plan to use. It is intended to give them an early start on gettingthe apparatus assembled, and verify the feasibility of their design.Three

Conference Session

Use of Technology to Improve Teaching and Learning

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Alley, Virginia Tech; Madeline Schreiber, Virginia Tech; Katrina Ramsdell, Virginia Tech; John Muffo, Virginia Tech; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

2006-852: TESTING THE EFFECT OF SENTENCE HEADLINES IN TEACHINGSLIDESMichael Alley, Virginia Tech Michael Alley is an associate professor in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. He is the author of The Craft of Scientific Presentations (Springer-Verlag, 2003).Madeline Schreiber, Virginia Tech Madeline Schreiber is an associate professor in the Department of Geosciences at Virginia Tech. She teaches the introductory level course Resources Geology and higher-level courses in hydrogeology. She has an MS and a PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a BS from Yale University.Katrina Ramsdell, Virginia Tech Katrina Ramsdell is a rising senior in the Department

Conference Session

Visualization

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahmoud Ardebili, Borough of Manhattan Community College/CUNY

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

; Exposition, 2005.9. E. Towle, J. Mann, and B. Kinsey “Work In Progress – Development of Tools to Improve the SpatialAbility of Engineering Students”, 35th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, October 19 – 22,2005, Indianapolis, IN10. J. L. Mohler, “Using interactive multimedia technologies to improve student understanding ofspatially-dependent engineering concepts “, The Proceedings of the International Graphicon 2001conference on Computer Geometry and Graphics, Nyzhny Novgorod, Russia, 2001.11. A. Rafi, K. Anuar, A. Samad, M. Hayati, M. Mahadzir, “Improving spatial ability using a Web-basedVirtual Environment (WbVE)”, Automation in Construction 14 (2005) 707– 71512. S. A. Sorby and B. J. Baartmans, “The Development and Assessment of a