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Displaying results 181 - 210 of 1939 in total
Conference Session
Developments in BME Pedagogy and Assessment
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington; Kelli Jayn Nichols, University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Bioengineering; Laura Wright, University of Washington; Christopher Neils, University of Washington
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
transport courses,which are needed to cover topics such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, reaction kinetics,and momentum transport. This is also in line with practices in other bioengineering departments,where biotransport and thermodynamics are addressed in the core curriculum of all sixdepartments we surveyed (for example, one semester for each topic for Rice University andMIT). Java programming has been replaced by an applied math course that teaches MATLABand numerical analysis techniques (Appendix A and B).We also conducted a comparison of how prepared seniors felt for their intended next steps aftergraduation. Although there is expectedly variation from year to year, the data appear to echo thesentiment conveyed by student alumni regarding
Conference Session
Post Graduate Experiential Programs and Insights
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Anne Marie Coolen, Dalhousie University
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative & Experiential Education
enhance the educational value of co-operative education for several years. To that end, a revised work term curriculum was designedand implemented in 2008/09 as a pilot study in an attempt to understand its educational impact.This curriculum was based on students completing a series of cumulatively linked learningactivities that were tracked and analyzed in a professional practice portfolio. It was designed tohave authentic and meaningful assignments for students that were embedded into the workexperience and at the same time balanced the student’s academic work load with the work termwork load. It was designed to emphasize the connections between the work experience and a) the Engineer-in-Training (EIT) program; b) the development writing
Conference Session
Emerging Areas: Biotechnology, Microtechnology, and Energy
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Arthur Felse, Northwestern University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
andalso the early inception of bioengineering divisions/sections in electrical and mechanicalengineering professional organizations and journals. Consequently, instruction in physiologicaltransport phenomena heavily relied on analogies from concepts like resistance and compliance(electrical engineering concepts) or resistance and elastance (mechanical engineering concepts).An example of such analogy for pulmonary function is given in Figure 1. (a) (b)Fig. 1: Representation of pulmonary function. (a) mechanical engineering analog, and (b) its electrical
Conference Session
FPD VI: Presenting "All the Best" of the First-Year Programs Division
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
only do we wish to boost usage, but we want to counteract the loss of studentswho leave during this important year. Bolstering usage must be a top priority so that morestudents can benefit and stay motivated to continue in engineering.SSC users pervasively demonstrated higher rates of retention. Figures 5 (a) and (b) show thecomparison of the retention of first and second-year students from 2009-2010 to Fall 2010between SSC users and the college non-user populations. For instance, 80% of first-year womenSSC users were retained to their second year, compared to 72% for all college first-year women,an 11% improvement. Here, the comparison is being made to the larger group that includes SSCusers and non-users together
Conference Session
Computer Science Applications
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dan Li, Northern Arizona University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
course for the third time after wecreated this course in Spring 2006. In the first two offerings, we mainly focused on thetheoretical contents of data mining with only one team project as a practical experiment.The assessment results were not as good as expected in the first two offerings. Given theapplied nature of data mining, we decided to introduce a practice-oriented approach in thethird offering to better serve the course outcome. Based on the recommendations from theACM SIGKDD Curriculum Committee, the objectives of integrating the hands-oncomponent into the theoretical knowledge delivery are five-fold. a) Learn to use data mining systems by using some data mining software. b) Implement some data mining functions including
Conference Session
ECE Division Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin P. Pintong, Binghamton University; Douglas H. Summerville, Binghamton University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
withdrew mid semester. Although the sample size is small, a retentionrate of 81% is a little bit below an on-campus course. All students passed and distribution was onpar with on-campus courses as well. The grade distribution for summer circuits 2010 is given inthe figure below. Page 22.1549.4Figure 1: Grade Distribution: 6 5 A 4 Students B 3
Conference Session
ECCD Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jaime Ramos, University of Texas, Pan American; Leonel Aguilera, University of Texas, Pan American; Elizardo Garcia, Universidad TecMilenio; Sanjeev Kumar, University of Texas, Pan American, Electrical and Computer Engineering; Roman Garcia, IEEE; Jose Sanchez, University of Texas, Pan American
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
electrical engineers in power systems. This paper describes thecommissioning of a 5kW DC photovoltaic generation system (PVS), which is being used at TheUniversity of Texas Pan-American (UTPA) as an educational tool, to let students learn thefundamental principles and to get hands-on experience with power and renewable energysystems. The system topology is shown in Figure 1.The PVS is called a hybrid system because it has been designed to supply energy in threedifferent configurations: (a) for stand-alone and battery applications, (b) for grid-tiedapplications, and (c) as a back-up (emergency) system that supplies power to smart-gridlaboratory at UTPA.During the first stage of the commissioning process, our efforts have been focused onunderstanding
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Dean Palmer, Northern Arizona University; Joseph Flieger, Northern Arizona University; Eddie Hillenbrand
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
mounting a campaign to a) take computer science to the high schools, b)increase the visibility of computing as a career, and c) develop curriculum and studies on how toconvey an appealing message that describes the opportunities and challenges of the field24.Compounding this problem is the fact that once we have prospective majors in the classroom,their prospects for success are not great. Low enrollments and high DFW rates are obviouslyconnected. Although computer science advocates claim computer science is not about mindless Page 22.985.6abstract programming done by lone hackers late at night, that is almost exactly what mostintroductory
Conference Session
Information Literacy: Theory and Practice
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mysore Narayanan, Miami University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
information processing are madeavailable at college campuses (Grasha, 1996).Implementation and Assessment The author utilizes several tools for assessing the data he has collected over the years.The author tries to implement ideas from several researchers and scholars into practice usingmodern technology (Marchese, 1991, 1997). Appendix A shows the five principles that are important while a course is designed,developed and assessed. Appendix B shows the matrix generated by the author for conducting assessment. Inthis particular case, the author chose to assess the subject matter of Industrial Engineering.The author decided that there were 16 important traits that need to be assessed. Appendix C documents this data collected
Collection
2011 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
David Che; David Clark; Tom Magnone
calipers, scribes, etc. Proceedings of the 2011 Midwest Section Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education 13 Figure 5 Dimensions of Parts A and BThe lab procedure is as follows: 1. Shear to length two pieces each of Part A and Part B according to Figure 5. 2. Mill sides of Part A as per drawing. Always mill into the work so that the rotational direction opposes the direction of feed. Or use a band saw to rough cut out the middle section of the parts, and then use the milling machine to refine the dimensions and cut out the ½‖ radius portions. 3. Check and record the
Conference Session
First-year Programs Division Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; Arun R. Srinivasa, Texas A&M University, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Jefferey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
requiredelements of mathematics for many core engineering courses7. In the Wright State Model,engineering students take this new engineering course, which is intended for calculus-readystudents, during their first semester. Then, they can take several engineering courses while theyconcurrently complete a traditional four-course mathematics sequence in calculus anddifferential equations. In its first iteration, over 80% of the students successfully completed thenew engineering course (earning a grade of ‘A’, ‘B’, or ‘C’), compared with around 42% of thestudents who, based on performance in prior years, successfully completed the first-year calculussequence at Wright State7. At Boise State University, engineering faculty members created apreparatory
Conference Session
Investigating Alternative Energy Concepts
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mehmet Sozen, Grand Valley State University; David Faasse
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
) + 𝐸𝐸 (4)where 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 and 𝐿𝐿𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 are the standard time meridian and the longitude of the location of interestrespectively and 𝐸𝐸 is the equation of time in minutes and is given by Page 22.975.3E = 229.2(0.000075 + 0.001868 cos B − 0.032077 sin B − 0.014615 cos 2 B − 0.04089 sin 2 B ) (5) Figure 1. Different angles illustrated2.where 𝐵𝐵 is 360𝐵𝐵 = (𝑛𝑛 − 1) �365 � (6)and is in degrees. The radiation on a horizontal surface can
Conference Session
Issues and Answers in Mathematics Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Peter J. Sherman, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Mathematics
hisexperiences over the course of many years.3.1 Case Studies- In this section, results of a number of case studies related to the courses taughtduring the past two years are presented. Because each one typically entails support for more thanone of the hypotheses to be proposed in the next subsection, it was felt that by presenting thesestudies prior to the hypotheses, the reader might more naturally see how the hypotheses werearrived at.Case 1: Sets & Subsets- Let S be a set, or collection of two objects; specifically, S={ (0,1) ,(1,1)}, where the object (x,y) denotes the location of a point in the x-y plane. Define the subsetsA={(0,1)} and B={(1,1)}. Describe the set C  AB , where the symbol  denotes„intersection‟; that is, the objects that
Conference Session
Experiential Learning and Globalization in BME
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Judy L. Cezeaux, Western New England College; Michael J. Rust, Western New England College; Robert Gettens, Western New England College; Richard D. Beach, Western New England College; Jason A Criscuolo, Western New England College
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
participants based on high school grades andstrength of the recommendation. Once they were selected for the program, participants wererequired to submit $1200 tuition for the program which covered on-campus housing, food, andall program costs.Twenty-seven students (13 female, 14 male) participated in the program. Of those, 10 wererising juniors and 17 were rising seniors. No information was collected on the race/ethnicity ofthe participants. The geographical distribution of the participants is shown in Figure 1(a). Incomparison, the geographical distribution of current undergraduate biomedical engineeringstudents at Western New England College is shown in Figure 1(b). Comparing Figures 1(a) and1(b) , it can be seen that the participants came from a
Conference Session
Novel Entrepreneurship Programs
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James V. Green, University of Maryland, College Park
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
is presenting new opportunities to bring technologyentrepreneurship courses online. With one in four college students taking an online course, andan increasing number of students interested in technology entrepreneurship courses, thisintersection creates an emerging demand for online technology entrepreneurship courses(Clayton, 2010).With existing literature largely answering the question of (a) what are the benefits for thestudents in online technology entrepreneurship courses versus face-to-face courses and (b) whatare the barriers to learning for the students in online technology entrepreneurship versus face-to-face courses, the outstanding questions of the methods that are efficient and effective to createand deliver online technology
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James L. Hanson, California Polytechnic State University; David J. Elton, Auburn University; Kirk Vandersall, Arroyo Research Services
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
been developed and assessed. A collaboration was established between two U.S.universities for this project: California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) and AuburnUniversity (Auburn). Cal Poly is a predominantly undergraduate institution, while Auburn is aTier 1 research institution.This paper provides progress on this extensive investigation including a) recent activities thathave been conducted at the universities, b) recent activities that have occurred between theuniversities and other project partners, and c) overview of assessment methods and data. Some ofthe categories of activities reported have been conducted over multiple terms and modificationshave been made to improve effectiveness of these new teaching methods. This paper
Conference Session
Engineering Technology Design I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Carlos A. Ortiz, Southern Polytechnic State University; Timothy W. Zeigler, Southern Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
UNIVERSITY CORE CET MAJOR COREArea A. Essential Skills 9 hr CET REQUIRED COURSES 56 hrENGL 1101 3 CE 1000 – Orientation to Profession 1ENGL 1102 3 ENGR 3131/3132 - Strength of Materials 41 MATH 1113 4 CET 3410 - Soil Properties and Site Exploration 4 CET 3110 - Construction Materials and Sustainability 4Area B. Institutional Option 4 hr CET 3210 – Structural Mechanics 3COMM
Conference Session
Research and Assessment
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Geoff Wright, Brigham Young University; Tyler Lewis, Brigham Young University; Paul T Skaggs, Brigham Young University; Bryan Howell, Brigham Young University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
. (1999). Confirming the Three-Factor Creative Product Analysis Model in an American Sample. Creativity Research Journal, 12(4), 287-296. 2. Cropley, A. J. (2000). Defining and Measuring Creativity: Are Creativity Tests Worth Using? Roeper Review, 23(2), 72-80. 3. Godin, B. (2002). “The rise of innovation surveys: measuring a fuzzy concept”, retrieved from , January 13, 2011. 4. Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5(9), 444-454. 5. Hocevar, D., & Bachelor, P. (1989). A taxonomy and critique of measurements used in the study of creativity. In J. A. Glover, R. R. Ronning & C. R. Reynolds (Eds.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 53-76) New York Plenum. 6. Kaltsounis, B
Conference Session
Distance and Web-based Learning in ECE
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Craig J. Scott, Morgan State University; Jumoke 'Kemi Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Desktop is illustrated below. Figure #1: Mobile Studio DesktopTM Software and Hardware Pin Layout  As you see in the above picture, the instrumentation board is USB connected to the tablet PC. The instrumentation board can function as : (a) scope, (b) Digital Multi Meter (DMM), (c) Power supply, and (d) Function generator.  There are, however, important limitations in using the Red board (1) No direct measurement of current -- You get current indirectly (by measuring voltage across a resistor, etc), or by using hand held multimeter. (2) No direct measurement of resistance -- You get it indirectly (You may still need a DMM for resistance measurement), or by using hand held
Conference Session
"Green" Topics in Architectural Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmed Cherif Megri, University of Wyoming
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
volume forced air w/ evaporation cooling or air washer - Heat pump - Geothermal system - Gas-fired fan coil b. Mechanical roomThe mechanical rooms contain many types of equipment, including boilers, chillers, air handling unit(AHU) systems, ductwork and piping, valves, security devices, expansion tanks, pumps and fans.Typically these rooms are located within or outside the building, or are split between inside and outside ofthe building. When located inside, they are typically situated either in the basement or on the roof. Adesign penthouse can be used as a screen for the mechanical room to improve the overall aesthetics of thebuilding while maintaining functionality and providing protection from the effects of
Conference Session
Digital Simulation Tools in Energy Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert McMasters, Virginia Military Institute
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
degree-by-degree program was (a) Awesome! (4 students) (b) Good (8 students) (c) OK (0 students) (d) Bad (0 students) (e) Terrible (0 students)2.) The degree-by-degree program helped me better understand what happens inside an engine. (a) Strongly Agree (5 students) (b) Agree (3 students) (c) Maybe (4 students) (d) Disagree (0 students) (e) Strongly Disagree (0 students)3.) The degree-by-degree program seemed pretty realistic to me. (a) Strongly Agree (2 students) (b) Agree (8 students) (c) Maybe (2 students) (d) Disagree (0 students
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Michael C. Loui, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
, Page 22.142.9assignments, examinations, etc.) in an attempt to identify how differences in instruction affectconceptual learning. Table 3: Selection frequency of all answer choices (correct answers are highlighted) a b c d e f g 1 17% 5% 12% 66% 2 57% 26% 14% 3% 3 5% 25% 56% 14% 4 28% 13% 45% 13% 5 72% 20% 6% 1% 6 4% 9% 12% 12% 56% 7% 7 37% 12% 16% 35% 8 13% 85% 1% 2% 9 36% 12
Conference Session
FPD I: Attacking the Problems of Retention in the First Year
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew Kline, Western Michigan University; Betsy M. Aller, Western Michigan University; Edmund Tsang, Western Michigan University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
% 3rd Year 54% 55% 52% NA 33% 4th Year 46% 48% 40.7%b 32%c 5th Year 45.1%d1 Data is for all institutions (Highly Selective, Selective, Moderately Selective, and Less Selective) as reported in the 2005-06 Consortium for Student Retention Data Exchange (CSRDE). Western Michigan University is a “Moderately Selective” institution. 2nd year retention and 6th-year graduation rate for “Moderately Selective” institution is 62% and 24%, as reported by CSRDE.a CSRDE STEM Retention Survey, WMU Office of Student Academic & Institutional Research, data averaged 2000-05.b 37.4% graduated in a
Conference Session
Capstone Design Projects in ECE
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lynne A. Slivovsky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; James M. Widmann, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; J.Kevin Taylor, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
a variety of disabilities (predominantly forpeople with physical disabilities or for people who are blind). Two team projects are highlightedbelow to provide examples for the scope and complexity of typical adapted physical activityprojects. Additional ongoing projects include Wii-B-Fit (an adapted Wii gaming system forpeople with physical disabilities) and the Untethered Runner (a system for people who arelegally blind to run independently without a physical tether or sighted guide).SoloQuad Kayak Conversion Control SystemThe SoloQuad Conversion Project (Figures 2 and 3) was an ongoing project that has beensignificantly enhanced through inclusion in the RAPD grant. The SoloQuad Conversion Projectbegan in 2003 with the award of a “Quality
Conference Session
Teaching Dynamics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brianno Coller, Northern Illinois University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
] Brathwaite, B. & Schreiber, I. Challenges for Game Designers: Non-Digital Exercises for Video Game Designers, Course Technology, 2009.[9] Coller, B. D. & Scott, M. J. Effectiveness of using a video game to teach a course in mechanical engineering, Computers & Education, 53, pp. 900 – 912, 2009.[10] Coller, B.D. A video game for teaching dynamic systems and control to mechanical engineering undergraduates, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2010.[11] Coller, B.D., Shernoff, D.J. and Strati, A.D., Measuring Engagement as Students Learn Dynamic Systems & Control with a Video Game, Advances in Engineering Education (in press).[12] Hestenes, D., Wells, M., & Swackhamer, G., Force concept inventory, The
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Kaye, Baltimore City Community College; Yun Liu, Baltimore City Community College
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
associate degree program at the urban communitycollege that trains students to be super technicians who are qualified to be hired as robotics,automation, manufacturing, and/or electronics technicians; (b) set up a state of the art roboticslaboratory at the urban community college to offer students an abundance of hands-on, practicalexperience that prepares them for immediate entry into the workforce upon completion of theprogram; (c) increase the success rate of the electronics, computer information system, andcomputer aided drafting & design technician programs at the urban community college byincorporating robotics-related activities and instruction into their curricula; (d) introduce roboticsconcepts to 11th and 12th graders in select high
Conference Session
Certifying Teachers in Engineering or Integrated STEM
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yvonne Ng, St. Catherine University; Lori R. Maxfield, Saint Catherine University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
teaching and assessment strategies. Since thiscourse is now required by elementary education majors at St. CatherineUniversity (SCU) for licensure, the 3C’s are a must for these future teachers whomust teach engineering in their future classroom.Quantitative and qualitative results are presented regarding competence andconfidence aligned with the ABET Program Outcomes through test scores andfinal projects, specifically in their ability to: a) apply knowledge of mathematics,science and engineering; b) design and conduct experiments as well as analyzeand interpret data to gain new knowledge pertinent to the problems to solve; c)design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realisticconstraints; d) function on multidisciplinary
Conference Session
Collaborative Learning, Project-Based, Service Learning, and Impacts on Engineering Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Russell Korte, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Bruce Elliott-Litchfield, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Laura D. Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Aaron Daniel Lewicki, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Valeri Werpetinski, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Seung Won Hong, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Divisions
International
international service projects, specifically what and howstudents learned from their experiences in these projects. Key foci of the study drew upontheories and models of experiential and social learning, identity, and intercultural competence.The students were participants in the local Engineers Without Borders chapter at the Universityof Illinois. The findings highlight what students reported learning related to: (a) the need toinvest time and effort, (b) interacting with community and team members, (c) implementingprojects, and (d) their individual development. These findings articulate the benefits to studentsof international service experiences and provide ideas for instructional methods that might fosterthis learning in other
Collection
2011 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Sohum Sohoni; David Fritz; Wira Mulia
of what the course entails, wehave listed below some questions that drive the content of the course. Course objectives arelisted in section 3. a. What occurs in the CPU during the execution of an instruction? b. How does an embedded system differ from a general purpose computer? c. How is data represented in a CPU and what are the basic operations that are performed on data in a CPU? d. What are the steps to creating a working program? e. What are the different parts of a program and why are they important? f. What are different addressing modes, how do they differ from one another and why do we need more than one addressing mode? g. What are some things to watch out for when storing data in a finite number of bits
Conference Session
Curricular Developments in Energy Education I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
of experiential learning).Specifically, the requirements to earn the CEEM are as follows: • Completing the EGE 5303 Energy and Environmental Management 1 course with a minimum grade of B. • Completing the EGE 5323 Energy and Environmental Management 2 course with a minimum grade of B. • Completion of a written assessment/exam (i.e., the certification exam) with a score of 70% after completion of the EGE 5303 course (or at the discretion of the certificate administrators, completion of the EGE 5303 Final Exam with a B grade or better). • Documentation of 12 months experience and/or training in the field of energy management and/or environmental management.The main reason for this course/practicum format