Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

G. R. Marvez, Tufts University ; Camila Lee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Justin Reich, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

studies in whichTeacher Moments has been used to help pre-service teachers practice facilitating argument-baseddiscussions and provide an opportunity for teachers to practice facilitating a difficult discussionon the ethics of genetic engineering [6]. The Teacher Moments platform is accessible athttps://teachermoments.mit.edu/.First, Teacher Moments has been used to help pre-service math and science teachers practicefacilitating argument-based discussions. In an on-going research study led by the EducationalTesting Service (ETS), pre-service teachers are provided with an online practice suite of virtualreality, avatar-based, and Teacher Moments simulations. As pre-service teachers engage inrealistic math and science classroom scenarios through

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division (CPD) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer S Linvill, Purdue University; Eric Holloway, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Emily M. Haluschak, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Evelyn Shana Marx; Breejha Sene Quezada, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Tamara J Moore, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development Division (CPD)

Handbook of Communication and Bullying and in Communication, relationships, and practices in virtual work (IGI Global). Dr. Linvill applies an or- ganizational communication lens to her classes on Business Principles, Ethics, Negotiation and Decision Making, Organizational Behavior, and Organizational Leadership, and to Awareness Trainings related to destructive workplace behaviors presented at local high schools. Dr. Linvill is a Member of the Advisory Committee on Equity for the Office of the Vice President for Ethics and Compliance at Purdue Univer- sity. She has also served as a Mentor for the USAID Liberia Strategic Analysis Program, mentoring an early-career Liberian woman on leadership and communication skills

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hrushikesh Godbole, Rochester Institute of Technology ; Elizabeth A. Debartolo, Rochester Institute of Technology ; Shun Takai, Northern Illinois University; Marcos Esterman Jr., Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

]. 3Sucker Effect – The sucker effect is the reduction of individual efforts while working in a teamcontext owing to a perception that others are free-riding [22]. While social loafing is an outcomefocused phenomenon, the sucker effect focuses on the above mechanism. Hence, it is measuredusing an instrumental factor, an ethical factor and an equity factor. These factors wereconstructed based on the Australian Work Ethic Scale [23] and the Protestant Work Ethic Scale[24].Social Compensation - Social compensation can be described as the tendency of individuals,especially those with low interpersonal trust, to work harder in a team environment in order tocompensate for the lower performing teammates [25]. In turn, interpersonal trust, the

Collection

2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference

Authors

Emad Y Tanbour, Eastern Michigan University; Suleiman A. Ashur, Eastern Michigan University; Ann Blakeslee, Eastern Michigan University

authored a book on audience in scientific writing (Erlbaum, 2001) and a first and second edition of a textbook on qualitative research methods, along with Cathy Fleischer. Blakeslee’s schol- arship focuses on writing in the disciplines, disciplinary enculturation, audience, research methods and ethics, workplace writing, technical communication, and community literacy and writing. She has been recognized for her scholarly achievements with the Society for Technical Communication Ken Rainey Award for Excellence in Research in Technical Communication and with the Association of Teachers of Technical Writing Fellows Award. Blakeslee is currently chair of the Association of Writing Across the Curriculum, and she served on

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephanie M. Gillespie, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

afirst-year engineering curriculum at Arizona State University. The class was a multidisciplinaryexperience with a maximum of 40 students enrolled in a section. The goal of these cards was tocover a wide variety of entrepreneurial mindset outcomes without relying on a single project.The four topics selected were engineering economics, customer awareness and stakeholders,engineering ethics, and value propositions and supporting data. Two of the four lessons weretaught as a supplement to the existing class project, but could be used either with any classproject or as stand-alone modules in classes without a project. A summary of each card isprovided below. These cards were implemented into the curriculum in the Fall 2018 semesterwith a class size

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amanda Simson, The Cooper Union; Martin S. Lawless, The Cooper Union; Cynthia Lee, The Cooper Union; Lisa Shay P.E., The Cooper Union; Toby John Cumberbatch, The Cooper Union; Austin Wade Smith, The Cooper Union; Neveen Shlayan, The Cooper Union

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

design thinking and problemsolving in a virtual environment, and to integrate ethics into the project-based course. This fall-term course enrolled the first-year class of approximately 140 chemical, civil, electrical,mechanical, and general engineering students. Interdisciplinary teams worked on projects in thegeneral theme of “Engineering for Social Good.” Project topics included: designing smarter andmore resilient cities, developing therapeutic devices, designing shelter for refugees in flight, andmaking fuel from food waste. The faculty designed and led their own section’s projects whilehaving a set of common activities and deliverables with similar timelines and baseline rubrics.To build community among the students, every project team had

Conference Session

Professional Formation and Career Experiences

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University; Benjamin David Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Nathan E. Canney, Taylor Devices, Inc.

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

role of power in brainstorming activities, epistemological and conceptual develop- ment of undergraduate learning assistants, as well as the experiences of recent engineering graduates as they navigate new organizational cultures.Dr. Nathan E. Canney, Taylor Devices, Inc. Dr. Canney conducts research focused on engineering education, specifically the development of social responsibility in engineering students. Other areas of interest include ethics, service learning, and sus- tainability education. Dr. Canney received bachelors degrees in Civil Engineering and Mathematics from Seattle University, a masters in Civil Engineering from Stanford University with an emphasis on struc- tural engineering, and a PhD in Civil

Collection

2007 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

David A. Rogers

human culture and government, and the contemporaryenvironmental debate introduce the student to the dilemmas common to this century.REFERENCESBarbour, I. G. (1993). Ethics in an Age of Technology. San Francisco: Harper.Brown, L. R. (2001). Eco-Economy. New York: W. W. Norton.Lincoln, A. (1838). Lyceum Address. In Basler, R. P. (Ed.), The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Retrieved June 4, 2007 from Proceedings of the 2007 ASEE North Midwest Sectional Conference http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/lyceum.htm. Also cited in Rogers, D. A., “Ethics in the Impact of Technology on Society Course.” Proceedings, 2005 ASEE North Midwest Regional Conference (pp. 65-72). Brookings, SD.Rogers, D. A

Collection

2007 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

AnnMarie Polsenberg Thomas; J. Roxanne Prichard

spent the afternoon brainstorming ideas for products. Students were encouraged todream up as many ideas as possible and ‘plaster the walls’ with ideas at this stage.After dinner, retreat participants convened for a group discussion on the ethics andresponsibility of designing products for the elderly. The pre-retreat readings wereheavily referenced as participants discussed difficult and controversial topics such associoeconomic inequity and personal versus shared responsibility in the care of theelderly. Common themes that emerged were students’ previous unawareness of theissues surrounding aging. Many students admitted to not having thought through whatthe aging process will be like for their parents or for themselves. Finally, at

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tahira N Reid, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Morgan M Hynes, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

global issues among other things (Kirkpatrick et al., 2011).Engineering design activities have been noted as the place to effect change (Kirkpatrick et al.,2011), since it is the ill-defined nature of design problems (Jonassen, 2000) that provide ampleopportunity to include global issues. Addressing global issues requires both technical abilitiesand social considerations. Likewise, ABET Criterion 3 outcomes a-k (ABET, 2012) calls forstudents to have much broader professional skills upon graduation. For example, engineeringgraduates shall know or be able to: design within constraints such as “economic, environmental,social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability”; understand theimpacts of engineering

Conference Session

Design for Society and the Environment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Samir Hefzy, The University of Toledo; Mehdi Pourazady, The University of Toledo; Abdollah Aliakbarkhan Afjeh, The University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

problems relevant to industry. Oral and written communications with participating companies, as well as teamwork, are stressed. Other topics include patents, product liability, safety, ethics, and design for manufacturing.”Class meetings, participation, and role of Course Director and Project Technical Advisor:One faculty member serves as Course Director and is in charge of all administrative aspects ofthe course, including identifying the projects to be conducted by the students. Each group issupervised by a Faculty Advisor (Project Technical Advisor) and a Client Advisor. The ProjectTechnical Advisor and the Client Advisor meet with their groups on a weekly basis.Activities during the class meetings may typically include

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 2

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Jocuns, University of Washington; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Lari Garrison, University of Washington; Daniel Amos, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

illustrate how some images of the field of engineeringwere developed at a larger cultural level at these schools. In some cases these images were sodominant that students at a school forced themselves to do reconciling work in order to identifythe aspects of their engineering identities that did not fit within these images. At Suburban Page 13.1113.13Private University the dominant image of engineering fostered a culture of great expectations.Technical Public Institution students found themselves working in strong teams of engineeringstudents and developing a strong sense of ethics. Students at Urban Private University sought todevelop a sense of

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Crossdisciplinary Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Mutter, Bluefield State College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

steel bridge design. Winning and placing second inconference competitions qualified two of BSC teams to compete in national ASCE competitionsin Denver, CO and San Diego, CA in recent years.Competitions described above enhance the Institutional Mission by recognizing that the missionof the college is to provide students an affordable, geographically and electronically accessibleopportunity for public higher education. The School demonstrates its commitment to thisundergraduate education mission by providing an experienced, dedicated faculty and staffdelivering quality Engineering Technology programs. The SET programs are designed andoperated to promote BSC students’ intellectual, personal, ethical, and cultural development.The School and its

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Developments, Implementations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashraf Alkhairy, Alfaisal University; Leland Blank, Texas A&M University; Duane Boning, MIT; David Cardwell, University of Cambridge; W Craig Carter, MIT; Nick Collings, University of Cambridge; Allan Hayhurst, University of Cambridge; William Milne; Peter Robinson, University of Cambridge; Warren Seering, MIT; Kenneth Smith, MIT; Sallie Sheppard, Texas A&M University; Bill Stronge, University of Cambridge

Tagged Divisions

International

, and engineering(b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data(c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability(d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems(f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility(g) an ability to communicate effectively(h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context(i) a recognition of the need for, and an

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry C. Burton; Jeffrey G. Soper; Jack V. Matson

endowment by William and Wyllis Leonhard to catalyze changes in the engineeringcurriculum that reflect the educational needs of students who will practice engineering in the twenty-firstcentury. The Advisory Board is composed of twenty distinguished Penn State engineering alumni.The Advisory Board, in conjunction with College of Engineering faculty and administrators, developed theconcept of a “World Class Engineer” who has, in addition to solid grounding in technical and scientificprinciples, the following attributes: ● International outlook ● Highly ethical orientation ● Innovative leadership skills ● Business savvy

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Lance Schachterle

{tigi~ 1996 ASEE Annual conference Proceedings ‘..+,yyy’: The new Criteria state that “engineering programs must demonstrate that their graduates have: (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering; (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data; (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs; (d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams; (e) an ability to identify, folmulate, and solve engineering problems; (f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility; (g) an ability to communicate effectively; (h) the broad education necessary to understand the

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Tracy S. Tillman

. People and teamwork. Included here are the means of organizing, hiring, training,motivating, measuring, and communicating to ensure teamwork and cooperation. Resources and responsibilities. Resources (inputs) include capital, people, materials,management, information, technology, and suppliers. Responsibilities (outputs) includeemployee, investor, and community relations, as well as regulatory, ethical, and environmentalobligations. The expected skills, knowledge, and abilities of a certified enterprise integrator, based onthe body of knowledge, are as follows: 1. Determine customer needs and solutions. 2. Effectively interface with the user/customer. 3. Form, train, and develop teams, people, and organizations. 4. Gather data, and

Conference Session

Integrating H&SS in Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Riley, Smith College; Lionel Claris, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

field in western science, and of non-Western thermodynamic technologies • The ability to relate thermodynamic principles to everyday life • The ability to think critically about thermodynamics and engineering ethics • The ability to assess and direct their own learning, and to reflect on that process.Liberative pedagogies were employed in thermodynamics because of their emphasis on process,with attention to the establishment of a community of intentional learners, and buildingtransformative student-student and student-faculty relationships. The use of such pedagogies canaddress a series of contradictions in traditional engineering education that are implicitly at workwhen learning becomes detached from student experience

Conference Session

Construction 2: Teaching Using Projects, Case Studies, and Service Learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise Diana Gravitt, Western Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

ethics.Web sites such as ConstructionRisk.com and ENR’s online journal site were used to findrelevant cases that could be used as the basis of a case study for a mediation debate. These sitesin addition to many others had also been shared with students during the first week of the courseas sources for more current articles and information on the legal and ethical issues covered in thecourse. The cases selected by the instructor were then written up with a general history given toeach of the three teams. The first mediation case study did not have many distractors, oradditional irrelevant information, added. This was done so that students could determine the“core” issue(s) more readily. However, the information given to the three teams could

Conference Session

Work-in-Progress Oral Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason R. White, University of California, Davis; Ahmet Palazoglu, University of California, Davis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

senior design projects in the Plant Design Projectcourse.After the completion of the assignment, students were voluntarily surveyed to gauge theirperception of the effectiveness of the assignment as a measurement of their ability todevelop a preliminary design idea. They were also surveyed to measure their perceptionof how strongly the ABET outcomes for the course mapped to this assignment. Studentperformance on the assignment was assessed on the basis of the students ability to 1)communicate in writing effectively, 2) design a preliminary process to meet a societalneed within realistic constraints, 3) understand ethical responsibilities and potentialsafety issues, 4) understand the impact of the proposed design project in a global,environmental

Conference Session

Investigating Instructional Strategies

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University; Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University; Jeong-Hee Kim, Texas Tech University; Danny D. Reible P.E., Texas Tech University; Jill Hoffman, Museum of Texas Tech University; Chongzheng Na, Texas Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, social justice in engineering, care ethics in engineering, humanitarian engineering, engineering ethics, and computer modeling of electric power and renewable energy systems.Dr. Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University Roman Taraban is Professor in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Texas Tech University. He received his Ph.D. in cognitive psychology from Carnegie Mellon University. His interests are in how undergraduate students learn, and especially, in critical thinking and how students draw meaningful con- nections in traditional college content materials.Dr. Jeong-Hee Kim, Texas Tech University Jeong-Hee Kim is Professor of Curriculum Studies and Teacher Education in the Department of Cur- riculum and

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development: Theories, Models, Frameworks, and Tools

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Komarek, University of Colorado Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

Architectural Engineering (CEAE). She has served as the ABET assessment coordinator for her department since 2008. Professor Bielefeldt is the faculty director of the Sustainable By Design Residential Academic Program, a living-learning community where interdisciplinary students learn about and practice sustainability. Bielefeldt is also a licensed P.E. Professor Bielefeldt’s research interests in engineering education include service-learning, sustainable engineering, social responsibility, ethics, and diversity. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Exploring the Use of the Competing Values Framework in Engineering EducationAbstractThis study

Conference Session

The Philosophy of Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

Young, Cole, and Denton argued that “Even engineers, who havetraditionally been considered experts in technology, may not have the training or experiencenecessary to think about the social, political, and ethical implications of their work and so maynot be technologically literate” (p. 15). The papers presented at the 2016 conference (7 of the12), echo this recognition. Krupczak and Mina’s “An Exercise to Promote and Assess CriticalThinking in Sociotechnical Context” (2016a) is the most full and direct expression ofengineering students as a primary audience for TEL education. Working from the premise that“less attention has been given to examining if individuals trained as engineers actually possess abroad understanding of technology and are

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michelle Maher, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Kathleen O'Shea, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Jacob M. Marszalek, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Darran Cairns, University of Missouri-Kansas City

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

per week. There are no course prerequisites. The redesigned fall 2019student learning outcomes for the course were to: (1) Gain awareness of the National Academyof Engineering Grand Challenges for Engineering, (2) Demonstrate an understanding ofengineering ethics, (3) Apply the design process to a National Academy of Engineering GrandChallenge, and (4) Develop/strengthen collaborative skills and abilities as part of a design team.Enrollment in large, introductory courses often fluctuates early in the semester. One-hundred andninety-six students were enrolled at the start of the course. Six withdrew in the first week; threeremained enrolled but completed only initial assignments or none at all. Table 1 displaysenrollment demographics of the

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Corin L. Bowen, University of Michigan; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student

Social Class Include ethics, policy, and social justice [2,8] Give assignments and hold in-class discussions on ethical issues [8]same social class. Critical Theory: Feminist Critical Race Queer Theory

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

the University of Washington include introductory and honors courses in bioengi- neering, tissue and protein engineering lab courses, bioengineering ethics, leadership, and bioengineering capstone writing and design courses. She is committed to enhancing diversity and inclusivity in engineer- ing, and creating opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in K-12 educational outreach. Dr. Hendricks has over a decade of experience leading educational outreach and summer camp programs at both Duke University and the University of Washington. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Work-in-Progress: Reflection Enhances Student Engagement and Team Service Project

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olivier Putzeys P.E., University of Maine; Masoud Rais-Rohani P.E., University of Maine; Serge Raymond Maalouf, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

wavy fibers. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Redesign of an Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Course to Keep Students Engaged and InterestedAbstractAn Introduction to Mechanical Engineering course is redesigned by integrating activities thatinvolve experimentation, exploration, analysis, and discovery. The course includes a briefintroduction of principal subject areas in the major and basic training with select software tools.Technical subjects are supplemented by presenting and discussing other important topicsincluding engineering ethics. Behaviors that promote future success such as class attendancealong with teamwork, communication, and other soft skills

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rupa Purasinghe, California State University, Los Angeles; Akshay Ghanshyam Patel, Pramukh Mono-Strand Structures Pvt. Ltd.

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

of a model structure to earthquakes. Students will build an Caring 1. Students will appreciation of the societal understand impact of structural professional and engineering decisions ethical responsibilityFor each criterion, there is a standard to determine how well the criteria are met.For example for the Caring criteria 1, the standard is the hypothesis “ Can identify an

Conference Session

Research Methods II: Meeting the Challenges of Engineering Education Research

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan E Canney, Seattle University; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado - Boulder; Greg Rulifson P.E., University of Colorado - Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #14697Exploring Interviews as Validity Evidence for the Engineering ProfessionalResponsibility AssessmentDr. Nathan E Canney, Seattle University Dr. Canney teaches civil engineering at Seattle University. His research focuses on engineering educa- tion, specifically the development of social responsibility in engineering students. Other areas of interest include ethics, service learning, and the role of the public in engineering decisions. Dr. Canney re- ceived bachelors degrees in Civil Engineering and Mathematics from Seattle University, a masters in Civil Engineering from Stanford University with an emphasis

Conference Session

Reimagining Engineering Information Literacy: Novel Perspectives on Integration, Assessment, Competencies & Information Use

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farshid Zabihian, West Virginia University Institute of Technology; Mary L. Strife, West Virginia University; Marian G. Armour-Gemmen, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

engineers deal with a wide variety of information at various steps of a project. Time constraints imposed on the design team as well the need for diverse information challenges design engineers. Diverse information ranges from abstract ideas in the conceptual design step to the smallest details in the detailed design, from checking patents for new ideas to avoid any infringing of existing patents and trade names. Because of this need, the ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) has articulated the importance of student outcomes to include “(f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility”, and “(i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.” [5]  Design