, “SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models”, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers, no.36, pp.717-731, 2004.[31] L. S. Aiken and S. G. West, Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications, Inc,1991.[32] H. Song and M. Zhou, “STEM teachers’ preparation, teaching beliefs, and perceived teaching competence: A multigroup structural equation approach”, Journal of Science Education and Technology, no.30, pp.394-407, 2021.[33] I. DeCoito and P. Myszkal, “Connecting science instruction and teachers’ self- efficacy and beliefs in STEM education”, Journal of Science Teacher Education, vol.29, no.6, pp.485-503, 2018.[34] K. P. Goodpaster
Inventories and Beyond,” CBE-Life Sci. Educ., vol. 9, pp. 1–5, 2010, doi: 10.1187/cbe.09.[42] S. Hood et al., “‘I like and prefer to work alone’: Social anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and students’ perceptions of active learning,” CBE Life Sci. Educ., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2021, doi: 10.1187/cbe.19-12-0271.[43] T. Araghi, C. A. Busch, and K. M. Cooper, “The Aspects of Active-Learning Science Courses That Exacerbate and Alleviate Depression in Undergraduates,” CBE Life Sci. Educ., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1–15, 2023, doi: 10.1187/cbe.22-10-0199.[44] E. A. Holt, C. Young, J. Keetch, S. Larsen, and B. Mollner, “The greatest learning return on your pedagogical investment: Alignment, assessment or in-class
, teachers reinforceautonomy, contribute to increased intrinsic motivation in their students, and positively affectstudent engagement and feelings of competence [17] [18]. Students with self-efficacy who knowthey have successfully solved problems in the past believe in themselves and are more likely tosucceed in future problem-solving opportunities [19]. The integrated STEM curricula developedfor middle school students for the current study aim to support student autonomy andcompetence needs by giving students structured opportunities to make choices and reflect upontheir decisions in an engineering design project [5]. By helping students feel independent andcompetent, we support students' intrinsic motivation. The curriculumdesigners' motivation
and A. Kolmos, “Student conceptions of problem and project based learning in engineering education: A phenomenographic investigation,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 792–812, 2022.[15] E. M. Starkey, A. S. McKay, S. T. Hunter, and S. R. Miller, “Piecing together product dissection: how dissection conditions impact student conceptual understanding and cognitive load,” Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 140, no. 5, p. 052001, 2018.[16] E. M. Starkey, S. T. Hunter, and S. R. Miller, “Are creativity and self-efficacy at odds? an exploration in variations of product dissection in engineering education,” Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 141, no. 1, p. 012001, 2019.[17] C. A. Toh, S
learning environment (Cooper, Blattman,Hendrix, & Brownell, 2019). Three features of a learning environment contribute to students’development of project ownership: discovery, iteration and collaboration, with the last twofeatures being responsible for students’ development of emotional ownership of their projects(Corwin et al., 2018). A growing sense of project ownership helps students become more tolerantof obstacles and to persevere when facing challenges (Ryoo & Kekelis, 2018; Corwin, Graham,& Dolan, 2015) which in turn increases students’ self-efficacy and motivation (Corwin et al.,2015), encourage students to pursue a long-term career goals in science (D. I. Hanauer et al.,2012), and helps students achieve a better understanding
in the PreK-12 setting was acceleratedwith the release of A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Conceptand Core Ideas and the subsequent standards document, The Next Generation ScienceStandards.1,7,8 Engineering is still, however, a recent and complex challenge for teachers, Page 26.592.3particularly those at the elementary level, who often lack self confidence and self efficacy withregard to teaching engineering.1,2 Teachers’ self confidence in a subject is linked to both howthey perceive it and their knowledge of the subject itself.19 Elementary teachers receive little tono training in engineering in either pre
, K. L. (2015). Recommendations for Practice: Designing Curriculum for Gifted Students/Uygulamaya Yönelik Öneriler: Üstün Zekali Ögrenciler Için Müfredat Tasarimi. Türk Üstün Zeka Ve Eğitim Dergisi, 5(2), 157–166.36. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage publications.37. Kittur, J. (2020). Measuring the programming self-efficacy of Electrical and Electronics Engineering students. IEEE Transactions on Education, 63(3), 216-223.38. Kittur, J., & Brunhaver, S. (2020) Developing an Instrument to Measure Engineering
], conferences [10], and professional developmentprograms [14]), as well as the outcomes sought (e.g., work readiness and career self-efficacy [16,17], improved career motivation, adaptability, construction, and decision-making [9, 11, 13], aswell as professional growth, development, and/or identity [10, 12, 14]). A recent review by Jianget al. provides an excellent and comprehensive review of the literature on career exploration andsuggests a future research agenda [18]. Interestingly, the authors of this review identifiedinvestigating the real-time experiences of individuals engaging in career exploration as adesirable aspect of future research, which should also adopt a longitudinal design.Lynch et al. have previously described a Preparing Future
participation showed significant positive effects on all 11 outcome measures: academicperformance (GPA, writing skills, critical thinking skills), values (commitment to activism andto promoting racial understanding), self-efficacy, leadership (leadership activities, self-ratedleadership ability, interpersonal skills), choice of a service career, and plans to participate inservice after college. The study further found that performing service as part of a course (servicelearning) significantly adds to the benefits associated with community service for all outcomesexcept interpersonal skills, self efficacy and leadership and benefits associated with course-basedservice were strongest for the academic outcomes, especially writing skills. Overall
,especially in the transfer program, to be formative indicators of their success. Many participantsindicated that earning good grades in the transfer program increased their confidence andengineering self-efficacy. Persistence in a chosen engineering disciplinary major and re-enrollment on a semester-by-semester basis were other ways that participants assessed theirsuccess. All of these success measures have been previously reported in the engineeringeducation literature (Table 2).Table 2. Participant Success Measures Previously Reported in Engineering Education LiteratureSuccess Measure Participants Used as Success Measure in Engineering (# participants) Education LiteratureEarn engineering Skyler
. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 2017. 1(1): p. 31-44.23. Okita, S.Y., The relative merits of transparency: Investigating situations that support the use of robotics in developing student learning adaptability across virtual and physical computing platforms. British Journal of Educational Technology, 2014. 45(5): p. 844-862.24. Stork, M.G., Supporting twenty-first century competencies using robots and digital storytelling. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 2020. 4(1): p. 43-50.25. Durak, H.Y., Yilmaz, F.G.K., and Yilmaz, R., Computational thinking, programming self-efficacy, problem solving and experiences in the programming process conducted with robotic activities. Contemporary Educational
Institute (ABI), ComputingResearch Association (CRA-W), Center for Minorities and People with Disabilities inInformation Technology (CMD-IT), among others, have been established to increase therepresentation of women and minorities in computing studies and beyond, and they haverecorded success thus far25-26.Apart from the immediate results on academic performance, recruitment, persistence across thecomputing pipeline, self-efficacy, etc., what is the impact of these schemes on the eventualemployment outcome of the underrepresented minorities?Many BPC efforts in the existing literature have designed and deployed solutions aimed atremoving one or more barriers to representation, after which the impact (of the solution) on therepresentation of
participant research self-efficacy. The findings from thesesurveys were collated and discussed. Based on these, certain program changes were suggested.Additionally, an internal evaluator, served to assess the effectiveness of VIP teams in terms ofproviding enriching research experiences, as well as resulting student inclination/intent to pursueadvanced STEM study. In this capacity, certain research questions were asked that sought toelucidate how the construction of the team affected its performance, how VIPs affect learningexperiences differently as compared to traditional single student projects, specific metric-basedeffectiveness queries, and how it could contribute to the students’ inclination to pursue advancedstudy and STEM careers; these were
self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations, that go beyond the scope of thepresent study.27 Still, the analysis in this paper, which was designed to explore relationshipsbetween undergraduate co-curricular experiences and post-graduation retention, is useful in thatit provides some evidence for the efficacy of particular high impact practices for enhancingprofessional advancement in industry.Finally, the survey used in this study ascertained student involvement in particular practices, aswell as the length of time (i.e., in months) or degree of involvement (e.g., not involved,moderately involved, extremely involved). The survey did not ascertain information about thenature of student involvement. Simply put, not all HIPs are created
fourth years, the creativethinking skills of engineering students significantly declined between first and fourth years ofstudy. Upon evaluating engineering students‟ perspectives of their problem solvingcapabilities, Steiner et. al. [12] found that students‟ confidence (self-efficacy) in their abilityto solve problems declined between first and fourth year of study. These outcomes suggestthat it cannot be conclusively stated whether engineering students‟ creativity skills improveover the period of studying a year degree, and is likely to depend on numerous contextualfactors.Creativity has been demonstrated to be highly domain-specific and that the creativity aperson demonstrates is not simply transferrable between domains [13]. This suggests
, USA: The National Academy of Engineering, 2005.[29] E. Cady, N. L. Fortenberry, M. Drewery, and S. A. Bjorklund, "Validation of surveys measuring student engagement in engineering, Part 2," in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Austin, TX, USA, 2009, pp. 14.1344.1-14.1344.20.[30] M. A. de Miranda, K. E. Rambo-Hernandez, and P. R. Hernandez, "Measuring Student Content Knowledge, iSTEM, Self-Efficacy, and Engagement through a Long-Term Engineering Design Intervention," in ASEE 123rd Ann. Conf., New Orleans, LA, USA, 2016, 10.18260/p.25694.[31] A. M. Pettigrew, R.W. Woodman, & K.S. Cameron, “Studying Organizational Change and Development: Challenges for Future Research,” Academy Of Management Journal, 44(4), 697-713
socialization [14]. He argued that learning occurs through interactions andcommunications with others, and further examined the impact of social environments in thelearning process. Consequently, he proposed that a learning environment needs to promote andmaximize collaboration, peer instruction, and social learning through discussion, collaboration,and feedback. Furthermore, Bandura proposed a social learning theory arguing that people canlearn new information and behaviors through socializing [26]. This theory guides educators torecognize how important it is to practice proper models of study skills and teamwork in theclassroom to construct self-efficacy of the learners.Social learning can be implemented in different ways, however, the main notion of
level. Several studies in higher education have demonstrated the effect of faculty on studentachievement. Within the engineering context, Vogt (2008) found that faculty distance (definedas courses taught in a large lecture format with limited opportunities to interact directly with theprofessor) had a strong negative influence on self-efficacy, academic confidence, andGPA.6 These effects can be particularly pronounced among female students, who tend to report Page 25.1146.5greater numbers of negative interactions with professors and a corresponding loss of academicconfidence.32 Further evidence of the effect of a faculty member on
; Truch, N. (2010). Assessing Self-Efficacy, Identity, Morality, and Motivation in a First-Year Materials Engineering Service Learning Course. ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings. Louisville, KY.[11] Olsen, L., & Washabaugh, P. D. (2011). Initial Impact of a First-Year Design-Build-Test-Compete Course. ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings. Vancouver, BC, Canada.[12] Sheppard SD, Gilmartin S, Chen HL, et al. Exploring the Engineering Student Experience: Findings from the Academic Pathways of People Learning Engineering Survey (APPLES). Engineering. 2010;(September).[13] Knight, D. W., Carlson, L. E., & Sullivan, J. F. (2003). Staying in Engineering: First-Year Projects Course on Student Retention. American Society of
experimental platforms in chemistry laboratory education and its impact on experimental self-efficacy," INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION, vol. 17, no. 1, 07/09/ 2020, doi: 10.1186/s41239-020-00204-3.[10] D. May, L. T. Smith, and C. Gomillion, "Student motivation in virtual laboratories in bioengineering courses," in 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2022: IEEE, pp. 1-5.[11] C.-H. Huang, "Using PLS-SEM Model to Explore the Influencing Factors of Learning Satisfaction in Blended Learning," Education Sciences, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 249, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/11/5/249.[12] I. D. Dunmoye, D. Moyaki, A. V. Oje, N. J. Hunsu
computational thinkingin middle school through game programming [23]. Weese and Feldhausen proposed anothermethod to assess computational thinking of K-12 students based on self-efficacy in solvingproblems with microcontrollers and computer programming [24]. Yasar et al. investigated theessence of computational thinking and tools to promote it in K-12 education [25]. Mostimportantly, the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) have also recommendedincorporation of computational thinking in K-12 science education [20]. However, prior effortshave not considered exploration of computational thinking within the context of robotics-based K-12 STEM education.From the aforementioned literature review, below we discuss the details of two relevant articlesand
motivating modern learners indicates that it is important to enable“the millennials” to overcome anxiety and believe that they can learn content and achieve theoutcomes; they must build self-efficacy and take responsibility for their own learning.According to Pryce, some of the best ways to motivate the millennial student are through guidedpractice, repeated and distributed practice, and early and frequent “low stakes formativeassessment with developmental feedback, as well as repeated and distributed practice built intothe course structure.”10 Thus, the development of appropriate class components and assessmentsis essential, especially for a course aimed at first-year students. The assessments must: 1) beperceived as both relevant and valuable to
classattendance) [26]. When looking to combine a strengths-based language with individualreflection, a conversation-based strengths-based intervention showed students had high regardsfor their strengths and had higher levels of optimism and self-efficacy throughout the course[27]. Collectively, these programs emphasize the role of strengths-based languages in fostering athriving atmosphere for undergraduate students.Research into CliftonStrengths is also increasing in popularity. Specifically, researchers approveof using a cohesive assessment tool to provide students with a consistent language to discusstheir strengths and other traits. CliftonStrengths has been proven reliable through its evidence ofconsistency over time, where individuals tend to
interest in the fields of engineering and technology is an importantpart of the recruiting/engagement effort. Part of the “managing” includes administering surveysand developing appropriate program changes based on data. While data had been collected fromstudent attendees since the first event in 2010 using an instrument whose data had previouslybeen validated in a separate study [9], volunteer role model data were collected for the first timein 2014, specifically to begin examining their experiences in this social learning interaction.Study 1 used a Delphi study to develop the factor model and instrument to measure role modelengagement in the IIBI (and other) event interactions, resulting in a single-factor, five itemconstruct. Replicating data
translatedto action as part of a written student development plan with next steps, major milestones, andcontinuous feedback.Program AssessmentWe strive to execute an agile, build-test-build paradigm, where we continually evaluate our trainingmethodology and systems for student support. We do this through qualitative and quantitativeassessments of workshops and training. Through surveys we analyze student engagement, researchoutputs, and self-assessment (e.g., imposter syndrome, self-efficacy, confidence, belonging) whichare indicators of the effectiveness of programs of this nature 7,11 . These surveys are administered atthe beginning, middle, and end of the program so that fellows can see their growth real-time.Finally, we track longitudinal student
self-efficacy questions in the pre-camp survey and then repeated them inthe post-camp survey. The post-camp survey also asked them to reflect on their knowledge of thetopics before the camp. Students can judge their abilities only to the extent that they are exposedto a topic since they do not know the threshold for a learning outcome. Therefore, repeating thosequestions in the post-camp revealed some insights.Figure 7: (a) Choice of major pre-camp survey (N=24), (b) Choice of major post-camp survey(N=36) In the two surveys, students were asked to rate their skills on a scale of 1-10 in response to thefollowing four prompts: 1. How confident are you about designing, building, and programming robots? 2. How would you rate your circuits
. Cambridge University press, 1999.[29] K. J. Cross and M. C. Paretti, “African American males’ experiences on multiracial student teams in engineering,” 2020.[30] J. A. Leydens, B. M. Moskal, and M. J. Pavelich, “Qualitative methods used in the assessment of engineering education,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 65–72, 2004.[31] A. R. Carberry, H. S. Lee, and M. W. Ohland, “Measuring engineering design self- efficacy,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 71–79, 2010.[32] S. Elo and H. Kyngäs, “The qualitative content analysis process,” J. Adv. Nurs., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 107–115, Apr. 2008.[33] H. F. Hsieh and S. E. Shannon, “Three approaches to qualitative content analysis,” Qual. Health Res., vol
employment may not provide them with the relevant experience employers arelooking for. The Office of International Student & Scholar Services at Florida InternationalUniversity reported a total of 2,738 international students, out of which 57% are at theundergraduate level. The lack of self-efficacy was also exhibited in some of the responses, as itseems students are afraid of the course load. One student explains: “I think the program is verychallenging and intimidating; I wanted to apply but I do not know if I have the ability to do it.”Another respondent describes that being that it is a STEM degree, students need to be well-disciplined to manage this heavier course load and thus suggesting that it is not for everyone.Others expressed “being
awarenessand in some cases specialized training.The student-faculty and student-student relationships are important because a feeling ofbelonging has been shown to increase academic achievement and sustained success inschool18, 19. Students can focus their thoughts on their studies when they feel safe andwelcomed20. Marra et.al.21 identified lack of belonging as a primary reason that studentsleave engineering. Carter and Wilson22 found that interaction with faculty members is thesingle biggest factor in persistence with students of color. Vogt23 reported that academicintegration positively influenced self-efficacy, which affects effort and critical thinking.Svinicki and McKeachie24 contend that responding to the individual student may be thesingle