Conference Session

Faculty Involvement in International Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Russel Jones, World Expertise LLC

Tagged Divisions

International

2006-1269: UPDATING FOR ENGINEERING FACULTY MEMBERS INDEVELOPING COUNTRIESRussel Jones, World Expertise LLC Russel C. Jones is a private consultant, working through World Expertise LLC to offer services in engineering education in the international arena. He previously served as Executive Director of the National Society of Professional Engineers. Prior to that, he had a long career in education: faculty member at MIT, department chair in civil engineering at Ohio State University, dean of engineering at University of Massachusetts, academic vice president at Boston University, and President at University of Delaware. Dr. Jones is President of the Committee on Capacity Building of the

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

LaRuth McAfee, State University of New York-Stony Brook; David Ferguson, State University of New York-Stony Brook; LaRuth McAfee, State University of New York-Stony Brook

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

career choices and experiences ofunderrepresented minority undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and facultymembers in STEM disciplines. Special attention is given to exploring factors influencingdecisions to move along paths leading to the professoriate. Questions being studied include 1)what are the key factors influencing minority students' decisions to pursue graduate study inSTEM, 2) what are the key factors influencing graduate students' decisions to select the STEMprofessoriate as a career choice, and 3) what are patterns in the experiences of minority graduatestudents, postdoctoral fellows, and faculty in STEM disciplines, with particular attention toexperiences in engineering fields? Related research includes current

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Elger, University of Idaho; Scott Metlen, University of Idaho; Robert Carson, University of Idaho; Tristan Utschig, Lewis-Clark State College; Dan Cordon, University of Idaho; Marie Racine, University of District Columbia; Steven Beyerlein, University of Idaho

, the objectives of the study were to identity factors that can be designed into a learn-ing environment in order to elevate learning to high levels. Page 11.12.32. Description of the studyThe research methodology was a case study involving a four-day faculty development workshopheld at the University of Idaho from May 31 to June 3, 2005. The workshop was attended byapproximately 32 faculty members and 3 graduate students. Participants came from three re-gional schools: University of Idaho, Washington State University, and Lewis-Clark State Col-lege. Participants represented a variety of disciplines and included administrators and

Conference Session

Climate Issues for Women Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Sheila Edwards Lange, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

graduatelevels. At the undergraduate level, students spend most of their time in classrooms completingdegree requirements as needed for their individual programs. Although undergraduates maydevelop meaningful relationships with a few key faculty members, those faculty have littleinfluence over student completion of degree requirements.At the graduate level, contact with faculty is more intense and relevant to degree completion. Afaculty member serves as the supervisory chair, helps students develop their own researchagendas, and provides critical introductions to the discipline. Much of a student’s professionaldevelopment and career trajectory depend on positive relationships with faculty in theirdepartment. While graduate students are required to take

Conference Session

Where are We Going? The Future of Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Estes, U.S. Military Academy; Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

the same four characteristics required of facultymembers as the original and adds a section on the obligations of the ideal educational institution.This institution will hire the faculty and will determine the rules for successful performance. Theinstitution therefore has some obligations to the faculty, the students and the profession7. Thecommitment and priorities of the university will in many cases dictate the quality, the prioritiesand the performance of the faculty.By the committee’s own admission, this chapter is still incomplete. Deficiencies that the Page 11.1260.3committee has identified include: • If an individual faculty member

Conference Session

Assessment of Information Literacy Programs for Engineers

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alysia Starkey, Kansas State University-Salina; Jung Oh, Kansas State University-Salina; Judith Collins, Kansas State University-Salina; Beverlee Kissick, Kansas State University-Salina

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

appropriateness of students’ selected information sources tothe question they have chosen to research, specific to their majors.The actual incorporation of the information into the students’ own rhetorical purposes,synthesizing disparate information sources as they write the analytical report, can also beobserved qualitatively. One new assignment feature this year asked students to log their visits tovarious databases, describe which were useful, and track the keywords they employed. Librarianand faculty partnerships will next year consider appropriate means for documenting indicators ofinformation fluency through bibliographic examination.For an example of graduate-level assessment, the University of X Librarians, in a graduatechemistry course

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Khan, DeVry University-Addison; Shawn Schumacher, DeVry University; Lynn Burks, DeVry University

2006-2154: EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING: PREDICTING STUDENTLEARNING AND SUCCESS FOR NON-TRADITIONAL STUDENTS IN CONTEXTOF FACULTY AND STUDENT TRAITSAhmed Khan, DeVry University-Addison Dr. Ahmed S. Khan is a senior Professor in the EET dept. at DeVry University, Addison, Illinois. He received his M.Sc (applied physics) from University of Karachi, an MSEE from Michigan Technological University, and an MBA from Keller Graduate School of Management. He received his Ph.D. from Colorado State University. His research interests are in the areas of Fiber Optics Communications, faculty development, and outcomes assessment, and, Internet and distance education. He is author of “The Telecommunications Fact Book

Conference Session

Women & New Faculty Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eve Riskin, University of Washington; Kate Quinn, University of Washington; Joyce Yen, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Foundation Young Investigator Award and a Sloan Research Fellowship.Joyce Yen, University of Washington Joyce W. Yen received her M.S. and Ph.D. in Industrial and Operations Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She received her B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Her research interests include decision-making and resource allocation under uncertainty (stochastic programming), faculty and graduate student professional development, and women in science and engineering issues. She was awarded the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s 2004 Outstanding Young Alumni Award. Dr. Yen was previously an assistant professor in Industrial Engineering at the University

Conference Session

Successful Outcomes of Student Entrepreneurship

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Thornton, University of Maryland-College Park; Anik Singal, Affiliate Classroom, Inc.; David Barbe, University of Maryland-College Park; James Green, University of Maryland-College Park

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

2006-379: BRINGING STUDENT INNOVATIONS TO MARKET: A HINMANCEOS SUCCESS STORYAnik Singal, Affiliate Classroom, Inc. Mr. Singal is a 2005 graduate of the University of Maryland, College Park, earning a B.S. in Finance. He is an alumnus of the Hinman CEOs Program and was awarded the Program’s “Entrepreneur of Year” in 2004-2005. He is the founder and president of Affiliate Classroom, Inc. Mr. Singal is a recognized leader in affiliate marketing.David Barbe, University of Maryland-College Park Dr. Barbe is the Executive Director of the Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Faculty Director of the Hinman CEOs Program at the University

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Pieronek, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. For example, an educationalinstitution may routinely recruit junior engineering faculty from a core group of researchuniversities that produce good numbers of qualified graduates whose research interests align wellwith the research programs of the hiring university. But if the research universities in that coregroup have a poor record of graduating female Ph.D.s in engineering, then the hiring institutionshould either broaden its recruiting activities to encompass more female-friendly graduateprograms or risk a Title IX violation. As with students, an educational institution may not useemployment tests or other criteria that have a disproportionately adverse effect on members ofone gender, unless such tests or other criteria validly predict

Conference Session

Achieving the Civil Engineering Body of Knowlegde

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Conley, U.S. Military Academy; Decker Hains, U.S. Military Academy; Scott Hamilton, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

highway clean up, working with Habitat for Humanity, running food drives, K-12 outreach, judging science fairs, tutoring at risk students in math and the sciences, to designing and building bridges play grounds, and simple structures for communities. The larger projects usually involve extensive planning, fundraising, getting approval from various municipal boards and agencies, team work, leadership and many person hours of work. Even the smaller projects though give individual members leadership opportunities and provide students with a chance to give back to the greater community. 17. Submit an annual report: Provides practice in communications skills in a document that is a combination of a technical

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students III

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guili Zhang, University of Florida; YoungKyoung Min, University of Florida; Matthew Ohland, Clemson University; Timothy Anderson, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(GPA) in student decisions to remain in or leaveengineering is studied by comparing and contrasting the GPA distributions of engineeringstudents who withdrew from the university or changed majors from engineering (leavers) tothose of students who graduated in engineering (stayers). Student record data for 39,240engineering students at the nine SUCCEED universities from 1987 to 2002 are used to computethe distributions, determine GPA differences between the two groups of students, identify thetrends of each distribution, and study the difference between them over time. The cumulativeGPAs of leavers and stayers are compared after completion of the same number of semesters.The population includes first-time-in-college undergraduate students who

Conference Session

Design Methods and Concepts

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cari Bryant, University of Missouri-Rolla; Eric Pieper, University of Missouri-Rolla; Brandon Walther, University of Texas-Austin; Tolga Kurtoglu, University of Texas-Austin; Robert Stone, University of Missouri-Rolla; Daniel McAdams, University of Missouri-Rolla; Matthew Campbell, University of Texas-Austin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

in machine element design and introduction to design and graduate courses in product design and dynamics. Dr. McAdams' research interests are in the area of design theory and methodology, concept generation, product architecture, design for manufacturing, tolerance design, and modeling for design, with specific emphasis and applications in product design. Page 11.1138.1Matthew Campbell, University of Texas-Austin MATTHEW CAMPBELL is a faculty member of the Manufacturing & Design program of the Mechanical Engineering Department. He has served on the College of Engineering faculty since

Conference Session

Curricula of the Past, Present, and Future

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yvonne Ng, College of St. Catherine; Lori Maxfield, College of St. Catherine

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, working with a paraplegic to create an adaptivetechnology exercises items c), g), h), and j). Building a Baja vehicle for competition is usuallydone by a team of engineering students. This expands the experience to include item d) andchallenge item g) in different ways.2.3.4 IDENTITY ParallelThe Curriculum of Identity capitalizes on the cognitive and affective development of learners bydeveloping their interests, expertise, strengths, values, and characteristics. In the early days ofuniversity education, students were assigned a preceptor or personal advisor. They would meetregularly with this mentor and discuss various intellectual topics. The advisor took an active rolein helping plan the students’ future and invariably would know if any

Conference Session

Climate Issues for Women Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rose Mary Cordova-Wentling, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign; Cristina Camacho, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

engineering careers, 40 (45%); Feeling like an outsider in advancedmath/science/technology classes, 21 (24%); Low self-esteem/confidence related tomath/science/technology courses, 20 (22%); Lack of understanding of courses needed for gettingaccepted into engineering program, 11 (12%); and Lack of interest in engineering field, 9 (10%).Once again, this finding reveals that the study participants consider that their lack of knowledgeregarding engineering careers was a hindrance to their academic decision process, and that theydid not receive sufficient information regarding engineering careers while in high school. Inaddition, the findings may reveal that feeling like an outsider in advanced technical classes couldhave affected the students’ self

Conference Session

Integrating Research Into Undergraduate ECE Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Allebach, Purdue University; Edward Coyle, Purdue University; Joy Krueger, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

(VIP) Program is an engineering educationprogram that operates in a research and development context. Undergraduate students that joinVIP teams earn academic credit for their participation in design efforts that assist faculty andgraduate students with research and development issues in their areas of technical expertise. Theteams are: multidisciplinary – drawing students from across engineering; vertically-integrated –maintaining a mix of sophomores through PhD students each semester; and long-term – eachundergraduate student may participate in a project for up to seven semesters and each graduatestudent may participate for the duration of their graduate career. The continuity, technical depth,and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi Loshbaugh, Colorado School of Mines; Tawni Hoeglund, Colorado School of Mines; Ruth Streveler, Colorado School of Mines; Kimberley Breaux

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

spending a lot of time in the outdoors, a lot of time doing physical activity.” maleMT students recognize that there are whole-life issues and career factors associated withachieving personal and professional balance: “I always think about my aunt because she is a real people person, and she’s just an awesome lady. She graduated with science or computer-programming, something….But she got hired so much quicker, and she was at the top of a chain by her first year out of college because she can explain and talk to people. And she can solve these things that she actually understands and that she has made, but she can talk to the people not in this

Conference Session

Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeanne Homer, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

Page 11.1252.10CAD working drawings. Construction documents are introduced, and students are required todesign a cartoon set to understand the drawing package as a whole. All students will do someindividual sheets of drawings with dimensions, notes, and cross-referencing. The AE studentsdraw structural plans, structural details, and a wall section. The faculty will encourage the AEstudents to explore structural detail at a large scale that will have an impact on their buildingfaçade and space.Student Learner Objectives and AssessmentThe architecture accrediting board, NAAB, and the architectural engineering accrediting board,ABET, provide lengthy lists of general criteria to be addressed during the Comprehensive DesignStudio. The criteria that

Conference Session

FPD4 -- Real-World Case Studies & Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ari Epstein, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Alberta Lipson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Rafael Bras, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Kip Hodges, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

evaluated by experts from the Greater Boston museumcommunity and by members of the general public (including classes from local schools).Terrascope also includes two optional classes: a January-term class in which students explorehow people learn in museums, and a spring class in which students develop, write, record andproduce a radio program about the year’s theme subject. There is also an optional spring breakfield trip, in which nearly all of the students participate. In addition, students gather at weeklylunches and other social events, and they have exclusive access to a Terrascope classroom,lounge, computer cluster and kitchen. Many upperclassmen who have gone through the programstay actively involved in the Terrascope community, either as

Conference Session

Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Vallas, University of Virginia; Larry Richards, University of Virginia; Anaïs Miodek, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Page 11.1179.2social interaction. This approach follows the recommendations of engineering educators fordesigning engaging approaches to engineering curriculum.12 The program uses a set of coreintroductory engineering classes; seminars on topics such as the college admissions and thefinancial aid application processes; lectures by faculty and graduate students on their researchand engineering career options; and an interactive team-based design competition to give acomprehensive introduction to engineering and college life. During the program, ITEparticipants experience many aspects of university life in a supervised atmosphere which isintended to show that both the application process and transition to college are feasible. Theprogram also

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Jessica Yellin, University of Washington; Yi-Min Huang, University of Washington; Kathleen Gygi, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

2006-2205: WHAT’S SO IMPORTANT ABOUT PEER REVIEW OF TEACHINGPORTFOLIO COMPONENTS? AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OFPEER-REVIEW EPISODES WITHIN ETPPJennifer Turns, University of Washington Jennifer Turns is an assistant professor in the Department of Technical Communication at the University of Washington. She holds a Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Her interests include engineering education, learner-centered design, user-centered design, and audience analysis. Dr. Turns is currently working on multiple NSF grants dealing with engineering education including an NSF Career award exploring the impact of portfolio construction on engineering students

Conference Session

Climate Issues for Women Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Creamer, Virginia Tech; Soyoung Lee, Virginia Tech; Peggy Meszaros

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

knowledge. It is only after achieving a full measure of self-authorshipthat an individual can be genuinely open to the input of others, without allowing the exchange toerode a sense of self. A self-authored career decision is one that is made with the internalcompass of a clear sense of self, an openness to the input of others, and a sense of the matchbetween the demands of a field and personal interests, values, and skills. Developmental theorists, like Baxter Magolda, provide a framework that is at odds withthe assumption that high school and college students automatically accept the word of learnedauthorities. They offer developmental reasons for why many college students may not be in aposition to genuinely engage diverse viewpoints from

Conference Session

Design for Manufacture and Industry

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Semke, University of North Dakota; Richard Schultz, University of North Dakota; James Albrecht, Imation Corp.; Jason Moses, Imation Corp.; Peter Ridl, Imation Corp.

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

-of-the-art technologies in theirrespective research areas. This includes appropriate literature reviews, advanced analysistechniques, numerical simulations, and experimental investigations, where appropriate.Ideally, the graduate students working on Imation-supported projects will also conductresearch and development at the Imation facility for a minimum of three months per calendaryear. This is an excellent workforce development model to produce the next generation ofhighly-qualified scientists and engineers, in which graduate education and the ability to workboth independently and as a member of multidisciplinary teams are required. Ultimately, oneof the long-term goals of this partnership is to further promote graduate-level education

Conference Session

Reforming the Industrial Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ana Ferreras, University of Central Florida; Lesia Crumpton-Young, University of Central Florida; Sandra Furterer, University of Central Florida; Luis Rabelo, University of Central Florida; Kent Williams, University of Central Florida; Pamela McCauley-Bell, University of Central Florida; Edward Hampton, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

fluidity and fuller engagement of humandimensions for maximum effectiveness, and 2) Management to provide needed consistency,structure, and synchronization. A variety of leadership and management topics can beintroduced to engineering students by using experiential learning activities during the course ofstudy. Engineering students can explore various areas such as leadership, communication,negotiation process, global awareness, and workforce diversity. “Experiential learning occurs asa person engages in an activity, looks back at the activity critically, abstracts some useful insightfrom the analysis, and puts the result to work in another situation. It is an inductive process,proceeding from observation rather than from a priori “truth”. The

Conference Session

Capstone Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelley Racicot, Washington State University; Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

commercial Project Management (PM) software application, Basecamp,was also utilized. Basecamp is a commercially available web-based project managementsystem that provides basic PM functions such as calendaring, messaging, and groupingand is relatively inexpensive. Basecamp is used to manage the day-to-day projectactivities, such as creating to-do lists, scheduling activities, and monitoring projectmilestones. All students, corporate sponsors, staff and faculty upload their contactinformation and photos. The entire project history is archived at the end of eachsemester.The Industrial Design Clinic serves other purposes besides giving students an opportunityto master engineering design. Engineering graduates are increasingly expected to have

Conference Session

Engineering in High School

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland; Sheryl Burgstahler, University of Washington; Richard Ladner, University of Washington; Annemarie Poginy, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

) and Accessible Technology Services at the University of Washington. DO-IT promotes the success of students with disabilities in postsecondary programs and careers, employing technology as an empowering too.Richard Ladner, University of Washington Richard E. Ladner, Boeing Professor in Computer Science and Engineering, graduated from St. Mary's College of California with a B.S. in 1965 and received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1971, at which time he joined the faculty of the University of Washington. Since 1994, as part of the DO-IT Project, he has held a one week summer workshop for disabled high school students encouraging them to pursue college

Conference Session

Improving ME education: Broad Topics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University; Andrew Davol, California Polytechnic State University; Joseph Mello, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

can become too involved in the design as well. There is a level of advisorinvolvement where the project ceases to be truly run by the students and the advisor becomes thechief engineer. This ensures specific experiences but in a sense the team is less empowered.One way to avoid this risk is to leave the design decision-making to the students. Then, theadvisor’s role can be to support the project planning and technical development (as a consultant).How best to have an advisor involved in the project? With increasing demands on our time, howis a faculty advisor to allocate his energy most effectively? Here are a few alternatives:Integrate into CurriculumMany schools integrate these competitions into their course work, often by tackling the

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Teaching I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Yellin, University of Washington; Yi-Min Huang, University of Washington; Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Charity Tsuruda, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

teaching portfolios designed primarily for self-reflection. Page 11.1219.9Additional resources about teaching portfolios may be found through the Carnegie Foundationfor the Advancement of Teaching9.In summary, our analysis revealed three primary reasons why institutions of higher educationencourage and support graduate students and faculty to develop and maintain teaching portfolios.These reasons include (a) for assessment – using teaching portfolios in applications for facultyjobs, or tenure and promotion; (b) as an instructional intervention – preparing graduate studentsfor faculty careers using the Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) model; or (c) as

Conference Session

Design Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Schultz, University of North Dakota; William Semke, University of North Dakota; Douglas Olsen, University of North Dakota; Arnold Johnson, University of North Dakota; Ofer Beeri, University of North Dakota; George Seielstad, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

electrical engineering at the University of North Dakota. Prof. Johnson has been an electrical engineering faculty member at the University of North Dakota since 1988, and he served as the department chairperson from 1999 through 2005. Prof. Johnson earned his B.S.E.E. at UND in 1959 and his M.S.E.E. at Iowa State University in 1962. His teaching experience varies from numerous MBA courses to a variety of engineering courses including circuits, electronics, robotics, image processing, and senior design.Douglas Olsen, University of North Dakota Doug Olsen is a Project Manager for the Center for People and the Environment at UND, where he has led the student and faculty development

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Teaching I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

tremendous amount of work each year for the newengineering professor. However, the results have indicated better knowledge transfer to thestudents along with high scores on the student course evaluation forms making it all worthwhile.Scholarly activity also plays an important role (25%) in the tenure decision. Faculty members areexpected to conduct research of some type and publish papers. The sort of research varies greatlyby faculty member with some aimed at scientific discovery while others are targeted at appliedinvestigations. Interestingly no time is allocated during the academic term to conduct this Page 11.1350.8research; it has to be done