Asee peer logo
Displaying results 31 - 57 of 57 in total
Conference Session
Interdisciplinary Integration at the Course Level
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mary K. Pilotte, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rich Dionne, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
level is not, in and of itself novel. A simple Google Scholar search willgenerate over 24,000 citations elaborating upon such efforts. Peer-reviewed research on thistopic can be summarized into categories of innovation and specialized project development -including industry involvement (Goldberg, Cariapa, Corliss, et. al., 2014); professionalpreparation, and attribute/competency development (Hotaling, Fasse, Bost, et. al., 2012); andcapstone best-practices, pedagogy and assessment approaches (Newell, Doty, & Klein, 1990;Behdinan, Pop-Iliev, & Foster, 2014). Noticeably, however, the presence of recent innovativescholarship in this area appears scant.Looking back however to 1990, Newell, Doty, and Klein suggested that anecdotally, there
Conference Session
Global Roles and Societal Responsibilities of Engineers
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
YiXiang Shawn Sun, National Taiwan University; Sharon Tsai-hsuan Ku, University of Virginia; Jongmin Lee, University of Science and Technology; Sean Michael Ferguson, CSUCI
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
this study was obtained from a classroom fieldwork that took place fromAugust 2022 to February 2023. The study utilized a variety of methods to gather data. First,the instructors were asked to write reflective notes about their teaching experiences, whichwere used as autoethnographic accounts for analysis. Second, a research assistant attendedweekly instructor meetings and in-person classes at NYCU to observe the classroomdynamics between the instructors and the students. We are thus able to track how this courseevolved during the semester. Third, the research assistant conducted qualitative interviewswith the students after the semester ended to gain insight into their motivation for enrolling inthe course and their thoughts on the most
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 1: Critical Reflections on Teaching and Learning
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jenna Tonn, Boston College; Brit Shields, University of Pennsylvania; Ryan Hearty, The Johns Hopkins University; Adelheid Voskuhl, University of Pennsylvania
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
they encounter our choices and those of their peers; and that through thisprocess we hope to inform students how to make their own choices regarding social andtechnological change.IntroductionWe, four engineering educators trained in science and technology studies (STS) and employed atengineering and engineering-adjacent programs, offer in this paper a multi-institutional survey ofpedagogical choices that we have made in the service of sociotechnical integration. Bypedagogical choices we mean an array of decisions in the context of our institutional homes,courses we teach, and student bodies enrolled. We reflect on the commonalities and differencesof introducing sociotechnical material in our disparate contexts, ranging from humanities
Conference Session
Values in Engineering: Ethics and Justice-Oriented Engineering
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert P. Dalka, University of Maryland, College Park; Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park; Devyn Shafer; Brianne Gutmann, San José State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
this type of mentorship (Leydens 2014, Nieusma 2011). One such initiative, theAccess Network, aims to do just that. The Access Network is a collection of programs (sites) thatare situated in U.S. universities that work towards a more equitable, diverse, inclusive, andaccessible version of the STEM community (Quan 2019). Access prioritizes student leaders, bothat the network-level and in their local sites, by empowering them to take the lead on actions andby providing support for this work. Access sites engage in activities that build inclusive learningcommunities, provide guidance through peer mentorship, and support growth in students’leadership around social justice.One major function of the Access Network is to connect students across these
Conference Session
Identity Formation and Engineering Cultures
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alexis Suzanne Capitano, Colorado School of Mines; Ryan Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
of a scientist. Scientists aim to observe, infer,classify, predict, and hypothesize [14], [15]. In this sense the scientific method is based uponconsidering all of the different factors and data to form a conclusion. Another important aspect ofscience is that the “Scientific method does not insure the satisfactory solution of the problem...anymore than it insures the construction of an adequate hypothesis for the research problem” (p. 238)[16]. This statement suggests that a scientist’s mindset is primarily focused on the problemdefinition stage of problem solving.The problem-solving mindset is also evidenced in an expansive range of disciplines through theiracademic writing. It is apparent in social sciences, such as psychology, through
Conference Session
Global Roles and Societal Responsibilities of Engineers
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Juan C. Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Mateo F. Rojas, Colorado School of Mines; Sofia Lara Schlezak, Colorado School of Mines; Emma Chapman, Colorado School of Mines
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
Program, graduateresearch theses have a theoretical grounding leading to action, which we call researchtranslation [1], that then leads to reflection, through dialogue with peers, communities, andliterature, that then leads to refining the initial theoretical framework and so on. For Theory,STS scholarship has contributed with theories and concepts of sociotechnical systems, change,and transfer [18][19]. For Transformation, STS provides concepts of knowledge transfer to aidresearch translation [20], [21] and a sociotechnical framework that has allowed us to transformexisting concepts like global competencies into global sociotechnical competencies inhumanitarian engineers [22]. For Reflection, STS provides students with the understanding
Conference Session
Minoritization Processes and Equity in Engineering Education
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brandon Bakka, University of Texas at Austin; Travis Bouchard, The University of Texas at Austin; Vivian Xian-wei Chou, University of Texas at Austin; Maura Borrego, University of Texas at Austin
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
a keyaspect of professionalism in STEM. However, our findings also show that dominant figures havethe ability to drastically change LGBTQ+ students’ perspective of professionalism. We alsoexplore how LGBTQ+ students face a culture of silence in STEM environments, unable orunwilling to give voice to their discomfort. LGBTQ+ students experience a lack of solidarityfrom their peers, contributing to a silent, chilly experience in STEM classrooms and labenvironments. Our third theme, identity concealment, investigates how students conceal theirLGBTQ+ identities as a mechanism for survival in STEM. A lack of LGBTQ+ dominant figuresin STEM, a culture of silence, and reinforcement that straightness is a professional requirementin STEM has
Conference Session
Transgression, Conflict, and Altruism
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jenna Tonn, Boston College; Avneet Hira, Boston College
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
reimaginingengineering education as one informed by tensions (Cheville and Heywood, 2016) and inherentto the “wicked” or sociotechnical pursuit of engineering design (Coyne, 2005; Norman &Stapper, 2015).We are writing from our positions as founding faculty members of an engineering department ina liberal arts institution coming from scholarly traditions in science and technology studies andengineering/engineering design education. In this paper, we hope to conceptualize “engineeringas conflict” as an analytical framework for engineering liberal education and share examplesfrom our curricular and program development work.Context and positioningBelow we share our disciplinary backgrounds and current teaching contexts to help situate howwe use the analytical
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 6: LEES Works in Progress
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gary P. Halada, Stony Brook University; Lori Scarlatos, Stony Brook University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
conferences ASEE citations proceedings7. Co-PIs will: use Assessment Participant Exit survey Analysis andan exit survey and of the feedback and interview discussion ofinterview a sampling response to section in the summaries results (amongof participants about be included project report PIs and inprogram in the and in writing)effectiveness program resources for report (and future for future training iteration of the training)III. Results:In all, 38 new participants completed the
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 7: Interdisciplinarity
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Vanessa Tran, Utah State University; Cassandra J McCall, Utah State University; Maimuna Begum Kali, Florida International University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
refine ideas through observation. Their drawings reveal a cognitive process thatmerged visual thinking with tactile engagement. Later artists, such as Vincent van Gogh andEdvard Munch, engaged in repetitive and expressive mark-making that mirrored their emotionalstates. For them, sketching became a means of reflection and emotional processing. In bothtraditions, the act of drawing or writing by hand created a bridge between physical action andmental focus. This integration of hand movement, attention, and emotion represents an embodiedform of cognition—one that supports clarity, emotional regulation, and creative insight.MethodsTo address our research questions, we identified three sets of keywords and conducted searchesusing IEEE Xplore, SCOPUS
Conference Session
Student Mental Health and Communities of Care
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Katherine Robert, University of Denver; Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
short profiles ofeach participant to elevate their unique stories and identities; the profiles were approved by theparticipants. Each chose a pseudonym for the study and some details about them are excludedintentionally to protect their privacy.Student ProfilesEsperanzaEsperanza was a sophomore student in the winter of 2022. She identifies as Christian, cis-gendered,female, heterosexual, and as multiracial and Hispanic but does not speak Spanish. Esperanza wasdiagnosed with a physical disability that causes nerve pain that impacts her hands and feet, whichaffects her ability to walk, write, and do lab work and results in physical exhaustion that requires her torest to recuperate. She also is affected by asthma and anxiety. She chose not to
Conference Session
Equity and Belonging
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Felicity Bilow, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Lucas Adams, Clarkson University; Mohammad Meysami, Clarkson University; Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
coursework, suggesting that as they become more aware of theimportance of non-technical skills (i.e. professional skills such as communication, writing,creativity) they may feel less like they belong in the engineering profession.Previous findings have indicated that coursework highlighting the broader social aspects ofengineering can help attract and retain women, who view the social aspects of engineering asmore important than do their male peers. While we found strong positive relationships amongself-confidence, understanding the broad nature of engineering, sense of belonging inengineering, and attitudes toward persisting and succeeding in engineering for all studentsregardless of their exposure to sociotechnical coursework, our findings suggest
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 4: Sociotechnical Integration
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mark J. Povinelli, Syracuse University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
Conference Session
Interdisciplinary Integration at the Course Level
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Corey T Schimpf, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Jessica E S Swenson, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Courtney Burris
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
questions and how they interacted with their peers during thediscussion. The students held steadfast to the discussion guidelines, exhibiting respect andconsideration for their fellow students, allowing for a deeper conversation. As the class consistsof senior engineering students, the expectation was that they would be able to identify theengineering failures, but may struggle with the discussion on racial inequities due to a lack ofexposure in previous engineering courses. Surprisingly, the students understood and articulatedthe impact of institutional discrimination on the events leading up to and response to HurricaneKatrina.However, not all of the students reviewed the reading material prior to class. Since a largeportion of the class had not
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 9: Collaboration and Community
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahreum Lim, Arizona State University; Emma Frow, Arizona State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
meeting room, with moveable chairs and tables, a projector andFigure 1. The Bioengineering, Society & Policy lab at ASU screen, a large white board, and – importantly – a coffee machine and snacks. This space servesmany purposes: project meetings with colleagues and student researchers, a classroom (when classsizes are small), a venue for hosting faculty writing groups, occasionally a space for doing yoga.Having spent 10 years “alongside” BME colleagues [18], Author 2 has had many informal andlong-running conversations about the ups and downs of running a lab. Over the years, somecommon features across PIs and career stages seem
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 8: Communication and Liberal Education
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shazib Z Vijlee, University of Portland; Stephanie Anne Salomone, University of Portland; Andrew Guest, University of Portland
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
groups showed increased curiosity in Faith & Ethics and Aesthetics & Creativity.While engineering students maintained higher overall curiosity in Science & Problem Solvingcompared to their peers, and non-engineering students showed higher curiosity in Diversity & TheCommon Good, both groups demonstrated similar growth patterns in humanities-oriented domains.This suggests that while students may enter college thinking they are primarily curious aboutspecific disciplinary interests, their intellectual curiosity can expand into new domains during theirfirst semester. 1.8 Non-EGR Students - Start of Term
Conference Session
Minoritization Processes and Equity in Engineering Education
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stacey Sexton; Amanda Menier, SageFox Consulting Group; Rebecca Zarch, SageFox Consulting Group
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
computing and engineering students, wewill need to develop a research agenda that further elucidates this nascent area of study. Weparticularly expect that intentional work will be needed to uncover the as-yet poorly understoodecosystem surrounding TNB computing students, their advocates, and their allies. In particular,we see a clear need to understand intersections with race and disability, as the 2015 U.S.Transgender Survey showed that TNB people of color and people with disabilities had worseoutcomes than their already marginalized peers [3]. In order to be a force for change for thisgoal, we held a virtual workshop to develop a research agenda that includes TNB students inBPC/BPE for inclusive and intersectional policy, practices, and
Conference Session
Sociotechnical Integration and Programmatic Reform
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lynne A Slivovsky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lizabeth L Thompson P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Silvana McCormick, Redwood Consulting Collective; Jane L. Lehr, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
departmenttransformation. While the level of engagement during this co-creation process varied across thedepartment, the majority of faculty and staff played a significant role in writing, reviewing, andmodifying it. • We envision diversity in race, gender, sexuality, ability, class, and other social identities (in all their combinations) that transcends current institutional structures. • We envision a place in which all find community, where there are support structures that connect students with their peers, that provide mentoring between faculty and students, and promote collaborative work between faculty. • We envision a place where if one encounters an unjust or arbitrary barrier, it is the system that yields. We
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 9: Collaboration and Community
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Todd Nicewonger, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
addition, one of our primary goals is to support and engage in the co-creation of artifacts,collaborating with participants to transform data into practical tools and resources, such asdesigning homes with diverse stakeholders. This method emphasizes producing tangibleoutcomes that reflect participants’ lived experiences and aspirations. On the other hand,immersive approaches of observing participants’ environments and social realities in real timecapture moments that cannot be reproduced, contrasting with objectivist research paradigmsfocused on replicability (Lederman 2023). The significance of these different orientationstowards research is explained by the anthropologist Rena Lederman who writes: Being with people wherever they actually
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 10: Institutions and Structures
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Laura Wood, University of Michigan; Berenice Alejandra Cabrera, University of Michigan; Hayley N. Nielsen, University of Michigan; Amber N Williams, University of Michigan; Lu Zhou, Tsinghua University; Lisa R. Lattuca, University of Michigan; Grenmarie Agresar, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Joi-Lynn Mondisa, University of Michigan; Erika A Mosyjowski, University of Michigan; Steve J. Skerlos, University of Michigan
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
)equity is or can be shaped by current and future engineering work; (d)​Obj. 4: willingness to engage others (e.g., current peers, collaborators, future work colleagues) in discussions of equity in engineering. To teach courses that meet those aims, engineering instructors also need to work towardthose same learning objectives in their own understanding, as well as learn to implement ourframework in their courses. In other words, faculty must work on the same understanding ofequity-centered engineering as students, if they are to cover such ideas in courses, and they mustalso develop equity-mindedness toward the classroom context, given their role as instructors.Ultimately, equity-centered engineering education requires a
Conference Session
AI and Tools for Transdisciplinary Work
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elana Goldenkoff, University of Michigan; Erin A. Cech, University of Michigan
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
. Onestudent stated that, “using ChatGPT to smooth over your writing is definitely a positive”especially for students for whom “English is not their first language” (P57 White man domesticstudent). Similarly, another student used AI to translate “niche technical terms” from lecturesinto more easily understood descriptions (P55 Black woman domestic student). There wasgeneral appreciation for AI technologies and a sense that “AI is not going to replace humans. AIis just going to become a tool that humans are gonna coexist with” (P42 Asian man domesticstudent). This student described unique opportunities for “collaboration” between humans andAI. When sharing about a situation in which a professional board game player watched AlphaGo,a computer programmed
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 7: Interdisciplinarity
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto; Robert Irish, University of Toronto
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
: Engineering Communication: from principles to practice (with Dr. Peter Eliot Weiss) and Writing in Engineering: a brief guide, both with Oxford University Press. He teaches enginee ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Building Sociotechnical Competencies through an Integration of Engineering Ethics and Science, Technology and Society Studies: A Reflection on Instructional PracticesIntroductionWith the goal of providing engineering students with a solid grounding in sociotechnicalthinking, and an opportunity to explore the complexities of sociotechnical systems, engineeringcurriculum can draw from a combination of engineering ethics and STS (Science, Technologyand Society) studies to offer students
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 4: Sociotechnical Integration
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey John Hatala, West Texas A&M University; Celeste Arden Riley, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., Texas A&M University System RELLIS Campus; Andrew Steven Crawford, Tarleton State University; Victoria June Vinzant, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; London Knight, West Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
disciplinesSupporting LiteratureWithin colleges of engineering, a fair amount has been written over the past several decadesabout designing and incorporating interdisciplinary elements [4]. The importance and relevanceof interdisciplinary education and perspectives is gaining traction; the evidence is seen throughample studies in engineering journals and conference proceedings. New courses and programsdiscussed in the conference proceedings arena alone include Waidley and Bittner [5], Cone, et al.[6], Kurtanich, et al. [7], Backer and Bates [8], and Cho, et al. [9]. The peer-reviewed literatureand other conference proceedings offer more and innovative examples of how to includeperspectives, knowledge and skills across engineering curriculum.However, among
Conference Session
Values in Engineering: Ethics and Justice-Oriented Engineering
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kassandra Fernandez, University of Florida; Sindia M. Rivera-Jiménez, University of Florida
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
Your Intended Major?Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Industrialand System Engineering, Computer Engineering 10%& Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, ElecEOther Engineering Major NOT Listed Above, or 10%Other Major that is Not Engineering. The last two Bi mEoptions allowed participants to write-in responses. 10% 60% Ma eE ChemEOne participant selected Electrical Engineering 10%(labeled in Figure 3 as ElecE), 1 participant MechEselected Biomedical Engineering (labeled inFigure 3 as BiomE), 1 participant selectedMechanical
Conference Session
Sociotechnical Systems in Practice
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Russell Korte, The George Washington University; Cory Brozina, Youngstown State University ; Aditya Johri, George Mason University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
Conference Session
Equity and Belonging
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kaitlyn Anne Thomas, University of Nevada, Reno; Kelly J Cross, Georgia Institute of Technology; Isabel Anne Boyd, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
wasn’t given the opportunity.Carroll mentions a “type of expertise” that is required for communicating with the men on herteam to understand where they “click.” The type of expertise she refers to is the understanding ofthe ways in which peers with shared identities operate socially and in a cohesive manner (wherethey “click”). This is the process of examining the hidden epistemologies that drive the socialinteractions she has with her team. Because of the historically white male majority inengineering and Carroll’s positionality as the only African American female on her team, sheacknowledges silently the potential her gender and race play in her exclusion from socialinteractions with others on her team.Carroll learns of the necessity of
Conference Session
Identity Formation and Engineering Cultures
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cindy Rottmann, University of Toronto; Dimpho Radebe, University of Toronto; Emily Moore P.Eng., University of Toronto; Andrea Chan, University of Toronto; Emily Macdonald-Roach, University of Toronto; Saskia van Beers, University of Toronto; Sasha-Ann Eleanor Nixon, University of Toronto
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
, based in science.”Interestingly, despite our explicit prompt to discuss engineering culture, very few participants framedtheir responses in cultural terms. Instead, they spoke about the engineering-intensive work they did thatbrought them career satisfaction. The prominence of technical affinity in the responses of racializedwomen was also noteworthy. This finding challenges the implicit, and somewhat essentialistassumptions about women in general, and racialized women in particular, underlying recruitment andretention efforts that magnify the socio-emotional features of engineers’ work in order to diversify theprofession. Racialized women, just like their peers, tended to speak about “nerd