Conference Session

Digital Simulation Tools in Energy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Sean Monemi, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

15% Presentation 5% Self Evaluation 5% Communication and team work 5% Availability 5% Reflection 5%ConclusionBy developing this course the students will have enough understandings and techniques to takeon the challenges that are facing today’s power distribution network systems. As the size of thesmart grid system grows, the problem of decision making on day to day operations becomesobvious. The scaling issue has presented a problem and therefore a

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics and Justice

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodney W. Trice, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

engineering can be“rigorously measured.” A recent article in the Review of Higher Education 11 described the DIT2test as measuring “the degree to which students use principles to guide their decision makingwhen faced with a moral dilemma.” In this case, the test outcome examined is the N2 score,comprised of two parts to include the degree to which respondents demonstrate sophisticatedthinking and the degree to which respondents reject simplistic or biased thinking when facedwith moral dilemmas.11 The article goes on to say that “higher N2 scores reflect an individual’sincreased capacity for reasoning about moral issues based on a system of fairness that serves thepublic good.” 11 The DIT2 test has been used extensively and correlations with

Conference Session

Unique Developments in Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie M. Little-Wiles, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Adrie Koehler, Purdue University; Stephen Hundley, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the LMS using such toolsas messaging or forums. They also confirmed the need for workspace in chat rooms or resources asdiscussed earlier so that collaboration with one another can be more easily accomplished.Online Courses using the LMSResearchers found that student experiences with online courses were also mixed. Students enjoyed“working at your own pace” and not being “confined” to a certain time and day for class. One studentcommented that he liked the freedom of online courses because he could “be in the middle of anotherassignment and say, „I have an idea for this‟ and then go back to that.” Student remarks reflected the factthat they were learning to “multi-task” their course workloads with their everyday life and thusdeveloping a

Conference Session

Computer and InformationTechnology-Related Issues

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Reflect on how the economy has influenced the electronics industry. Distribution 11. Explain the role of NEDA in supporting the electronics industry. 12. Identify new trends/products in the industry. Table 1 Course Objectives   Page 22.1226.3 Once the course objectives were developed, various topics that will be covered in classwere determined. The topics that were covered in class lectures are Introduction to ElectronicsDistribution, History of Electronics Distribution, Various Electronic Components/ BlockDiagrams, Product Selection

Conference Session

Novel Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert S. Crockett, California Polytechnic State University; Daniel W. Walsh, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, anechoic chambers, etc).8 Cal Poly is recognized as a very practical, hands-on, applied research university, and this is reflected in the way that Proof of Concept is marketedto potential clients: we provide engineering R&D services with a core competency in early-stagereduction to practice of technology-based ideas. Typical products are “skunkworks”-typeoperations, with rapid development, prototyping, and validation of client technology. AllIntellectual Property generated during the project is owned entirely by the client.POC was created as a for-profit entity that does not involve a formal partnership with theUniversity. This arms-length relationship is key to the success of the model: it assures clientsthat they are signing agreements with

Conference Session

Techniques to Enhance Environmental Engineering Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isaac W. Wait, Marshall University; Richard F. McCormick, Marshall University; Sydney M. Wait, Marshall University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

oxygen (periods of anoxic conditions followed by aerobic conditions)  Starting pH of the mixture  Ratio of food-to-microorganisms (F:M ratio)  Mixing  Milkfat content  Presence of inhibitory substances (e.g., metals) Page 22.1623.6After determining independent variables, students identified the following parameters (dependentvariables) as possible indicators of process performance:  Dissolved oxygen concentration  pH of the mixture over time  Viscosity of the end-product  Degree of whey / water separation  Amount of carbonation  Specific gravity of the end-product (reflective of alcohol

Conference Session

Mechanical and Architectural Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hamadou Saliah-Hassane, University of Quebec, Montreal; Maarouf Saad, Ecole de Technologie Superieure; Willie K. Ofosu, Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre; Karimou Djibo, LICEF Research Center; Hassane Alzouma Mayaki, UCAD and LICEF Research Center, Montreal, Canada.; Mamane Moustapha Dodo Amadou ing., École de technologie supérieure

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

allows learners to access,through computer networks, equipment in teaching labs using software interfaces formanipulating real devices via the web [1,2,3]. Self-study mode can be individualized withassistance provided for each learner. These remote laboratories do not yet reflect themodel we propose in this article. In this case, the equipment is no longer centralized in aremote laboratory room. The apparatus consist essentially of measuring, analysis, or Page 22.995.2signal generation instruments. This affordable equipment can be miniaturized and currenttechnology offers networking hardware and software interfaces for which ubiquity isomnipresent

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ghada Salama, Ph.D., Texas A&M University, Qatar; Beena Ahmed, Texas A&M University at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

complicating the situation. Furthermore as Qatar is a small country with limitedemployers, students realize that grievances can be continued into the workplace, if by chancethey or their family members end up working at the same company.Students also struggled in correctly using the provided forms to accurately reflect individualcontributions. The instructors asked the students to provide multiple assessments not only at theend of the project but also during it. This provided the students with the opportunity tofamiliarize themselves with the peer evaluation process. These results were analyzed and used inevaluating individual student performance. The peer evaluations were able to provide asomewhat better picture of the “inside story” on student

Conference Session

FPD IX: Research on First-Year Programs and Students, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jae Hoon Lim, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Patricia A. Tolley, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Kimberly Warren, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Peter Thomas Tkacik, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

educationresearch.”48Contrasting research results regarding the importance of “social engagement” in the academicsuccess and retention of freshman engineering students is at least twofold. Empiricalinvestigations that present a significant variation between general education students andengineering students may suggest that engineering students possess a set of unique pre-collegiatecharacteristics that is different from those of their non-engineering counterparts.47 In this case, anew model should be proposed reflecting the unique characteristics of engineering students (e. g,quantitatively-oriented learning dispositions). Additionally, contradictory results from empiricalinvestigations could be based on the inconsistent use of different measures.48

Conference Session

FPD VIII: Crossing Bridges and Easing Transitions into the First Year

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore Demetrius Caldwell, Michigan State University, Diversity Programs Office, College of Engineering; Kyle P. Foster, Diversity Programs Office, College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Tonisha Brandy Lane, Michigan State University; Rickey Alfred Caldwell Jr, Michigan State University; Claudia Elena Vergara, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

facing all institutions with such summer bridge programs is the follow upafter the summer bridge; what happens to the bridge students in their subsequent first year ofuniversity studies?Our experience indicates that bridge students need a follow on program that reinforces thelessons embedded in the summer bridge and extends those lessons to develop good student andprofessional habits of mind during students’ first year. Our data reflects this same issue as westruggle to retain URM students in Engineering. Since Fall Semester 2002 of new freshmendeclaring Engineering as a major: Page 22.1681.2 · 6% placed into Intermediate Algebra. Of that 6

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research in K-12

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen B. Wendell, Tufts University; Merredith D. Portsmore, Tufts University; Christopher George Wright, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Chris Rogers, Tufts University; Linda Jarvin, Tufts University; Amber Kendall, Center for Engineering Education and Outreach, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Science Foundation, we collaborated with local teachers todevelop a set of four engineering-design-based science curriculum units for third- and fourth-grade classrooms2. In engineering-design-based science, the process of solving the designproblem provides opportunities for students to learn and apply new science concepts andpractices. Our approach to incorporating engineering problems into elementary-grade scienceinstruction reflects the theoretical perspectives of situated and distributed cognition, and it alsodraws heavily upon the Learning by Design™ approach to middle-school science3. Otherprevious teaching experiments, including those of Roth4, Penner et al.5 , Krajcik et al.6, andCrismond7, also influenced our work.Each of our four

Conference Session

Capstone Design Projects in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George York, U.S. Air Force Academy; Daniel J. Pack, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

semester. We value this tension as it reflects real-world projects and makes the students take ownership of the requirements and gain consensus of all parties before pressing on to the next phase.7. ConclusionIn this paper we discussed the capstone design course at the US Air Force Academy andpresented an example UAV project. We find the UAV platform offers many challenges as agood capstone project and is motivational for our students. In addition students are moremotivated when they have customers with real-world needs. The various subsystems of the UAVcan span several disciplines from electrical and computer, to mechanical, to aeronautical, tohuman factors, making it a true multi-disciplinary project. UAV systems also

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula in ECE I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris C Delia Jr., Rowan University; Peter Mark Jansson P.E., Rowan University; John L. Schmalzel P.E., Rowan University; Carlos Daniel Barreiro; Kevin Anthony Whitten, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

current plans to reflect input from theracking supplier (SolarDock), showing the required structural elements and connections. Onceall corrections are made and a complete set of structural design drawings is available, theproposal package will be resubmitted to DCA. A construction permit is expected to be issued toallow construction to commence. Clinic students have made significant progress toward thecompletion of most of the project’s key goals, including: full system designs, componentspecification, plan development, permit application, and equipment procurement.Future workThe only outstanding issue before construction can commence is the final construction approvalfrom the DCA. The complete installation is expected to occur midway through the

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Potpourri II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Collura, University of New Haven; Shannon Ciston, University of New Haven; Nancy Ortins Savage, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

in developing the skills needed forsuccess in engineering course work. Considering that many freshman engineering students todayare not ready for calculus when they enter the university, and thus cannot take calculus-basedphysics, a two-semester sequence of chemistry may help them develop skills that will enhance Page 22.531.8their chance of success in subsequent engineering courses.References 1 HARRIS, J. G., Journal of Engineering Education Round Table: Reflections on the Grinter Report, 83 (1) 69-94 2 Carr, R., Thomas, D. Hl, Venkataraman, T.S., Smith, A.L., Gealt, M.A., Quinn, R., Tanyel, M

Conference Session

Integrating Math Science and Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Po-Hung Liu, National Chin-Yi University of Technology; Ching Ching Lin, National Taipei University of Technology; Tung-Shyan Chen, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Fundamental General Education Center; Chiu-Hsiung Liao, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Fundamental General Education Center; Yen Tung Chung, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Fundamental General Education Center; C. Lin, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taiwan R.O.C.; Ruey-Maw Chen, National Chin-Yi University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

by deleting several topics, such as Roll’ s Theorem and Riemann sumdefinition of integral, and integrated technology into the curriculum instead. They claimedthat certain topics contained in traditional textbooks are only to fool students into the beliefthat they have learned something[3]. Among all reform curricula, Harvard CalculusConsortium[6][7] is the most widely adopted text and has received the greatest attention.Harvard Calculus Consortium reflected the reformed idea of “ The Rule of Three”declaringthat every topic should be presented in geometrical, numerical, and algebraic ways.Furthermore, it de-emphasized deductive symbolic reasoning by decreasing some sections

Conference Session

Integrating Technical Research into Professional Development and K-12 Classrooms

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chelsey Simmons, Stanford University; Beth L Pruitt, Stanford University; Kaye Storm, Stanford University; Gary Lichtenstein

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

areateachers each year. This partnership provides two components that are critical supportmechanisms to ensure classroom transfer of new content and methodology. First, IISMEappoints veteran teacher Peer Coaches to work with teachers to plan and create lessons, materialsand resources for classroom use. Second, all teachers are required to produce at least one lessonor curriculum module, called the Education Transfer Plan (ETP), before returning to theclassroom. Teachers are given a great deal of freedom to develop an ETP that reflects theirsummer experience and will be useful to them, but the ETPs must meet rigorous standards andbe aligned with California State Teaching Standards. ETPs and accompanying materials neededto implement them are shared with

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zeshan Hyder, Virginia Tech & UET Lahore; Zulfiqar Ali, Virginia Polytechnic State University; Janis P. Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Richard M. Goff, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

throughout the project time. Table 2 shows the Ganttchart developed for this project. Page 22.559.5Table 2: Gantt chart Page 22.559.6House of QualityThe House of Quality (HOQ) is a matrix used in the Quality Function Deployment (QFD )method and is an internationally accepted technique[23]. It has very common application inengineering design to incorporate the needs, desires and wants of the customers in technicaldesign to increase the customer satisfaction[24, 25]. The main idea behind use of HOQ is the beliefthat the design should reflect customer’s desires[26]. In case of educational settings, the customersare students [27

Conference Session

Improving Visualization Skills

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yaomin Dong, Kettering University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Marygrove College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

state and federal government. It is seen that thecompanies that sponsor Kettering University students represent a diverse cross section of U.S.industries. The changes that have been taking place in these industries and the needs andchallenges they face are immediately reflected in Kettering University’s classrooms as thestudents bring valuable experience after 24 weeks of work experience per year with theircorporate sponsor. The students and the department of Mechanical Engineering are the focus ofthis study.As part of the professional development portion of the grant, the Kettering University ENGAGEteam attended the ENGAGE conference in February 2010. A Plan of Attack in spatialvisualization was developed by Dr. Y. Dong, the Spatial

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eunice Yang, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown; Beverly W. Withiam P.E., University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

better when I write things out myself.” were notuncommon in students’ responses. Based upon these comments the lecture worksheets have beenmodified and many of the fill-in-the blank items deleted to allow students to reflect and write intheir own words the concept being learned.SummaryApproximately 72 students at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown participated in thisresearch to determine the effectiveness of lecture worksheet. Learning of Statics concepts for anExperimental group consisting of 38 students and 24 students in a Control group was measuredusing the SCI. Furthermore, students’ spatial visualization skills as well as their academic GPAswere correlated to their SCI scores. Results showed that statistically, there is a

Conference Session

Professional Development and Scholarship

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandy W. Feola, Sinclair Community College; Steven Wendel, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 22.626.5Companies that participate with the student can expect to spend more effort during the overallshadow process, primarily to make sure the final CareerME.org reports are accurate, completeand reflect facts about the organization as they would expect. The mycareerme applicationprovides an electronic method to enable communication through the complete process withoutusing E-mail. Although the job shadow’s primary method to exchange communication would bethrough phone and E-mail, high school technology departments (IT) generally block studentaccess to electronic communication or social networking applications during the school day.The mycareerme.org educational social networking site enables resource exchange betweenteachers, the

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea M. Ogilvie, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Page 22.634.6 12 Building Community: Study Break Proceedings of the 2011 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2011, American Society for Engineering Education 13 Engineering Scholarships, Financial Aid, Jobs On-Campus 14 End of Semester CelebrationTable 5. EOE First Year Interests Groups – Weekly Seminar Topics for Spring Semester.Week Seminar Topic 1 Welcome Back, Reflections, & Setting Goals 2 How to Prepare for a Career Fair 3 Study Session for: Calculus II, Physics or Programming Course 4 Resume 101 Workshop 5 Intro to Study Abroad, Undergraduate Research, Business Foundations

Conference Session

Integration of Liberal Education into Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

K.L. Jordan, Michigan Technological University; Anahita Pakzad, Michigan Technological University; Renee Oats, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

implications the authors would liketo address. Are students who take courses via internet-based learning technologies moreprone to cheating and plagiarism than those in traditional learning environments? Dostudents feel they are gaining the required knowledge in their courses and laboratorysessions to become successful engineers? Do their expectations of what will be asked ofthem on homework and exams reflect what is seen in industry? Are instructors of internetbased learning courses satisfied with the quality of work being submitted by theirstudents?This paper will discuss the opinions of undergraduate students, graduate students, andfaculty members regarding the ethical and societal implications of internet-basedengineering education. By discussing

Conference Session

Curriculum Innovations in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gouranga Banik, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

to teach ethics as a new instructor. The National Society of ProfessionalEngineers has case material available under the title, “Professional Engineers in Education(NSPE-PEE).” An electronic disc containing eight cases with guidelines is available from theMurdough Center for Engineering Professionalism and Ethics at Texas Tech University, directedby Dr. Jimmie Smith. Dr. Michael S. Pritchard and others.The emphasis of the course will be on promoting thoughtful reflection and problem solvingrather than on role behavior or instilling specific norms. The course can provide the practicalsource of support for engineers in a real world setting providing more guidance than traditionalexercises emphasizing a choice between external whistle blowing

Conference Session

EM Program Design

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn D. Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology; Anirban Ganguly, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

from the research results and recommendations provided alongwith posssible directio ons for futurre research. Engineering E managemennt program directors d anddcourse deevelopers caan utilize the findings of this study too help orientt and restructture theirquality/process manaagement couurses to betteer reflect currrent trends inn graduate engineering emanagem ment program ms, with partticular emphhasis on certaain topics ovver others.Importaance of Quallity / Processs Managem

Conference Session

Broadening Participation of Minority Students in and with K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine C. Chen, California Polytechnic State University; Lizabeth T. Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University; Heather Scott Smith, California Polytechnic State University; Teana Fredeen, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

similar in terms of gender, ethnicity, and year in school.Table 1 gives the percentages of gender and ethnicity of the students. A significant number chosenot to specify their ethnicity, and thus percentages in the other ethnic groups could changedramatically. The “total number” of participants in the Table also reflects the number of campparticipants that completed both the pre and post-surveys, and might be smaller than the totalnumber of students that actually attended the camp.Table 1. Demographics of the EPIC participants for 2009 and 2010.Camp participants 2009 2010Total number (n) 124 136Female 43% 42%Male 57% 58%White/Caucasian 46% 37

Conference Session

Myths About Gender and Race

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jordana Hoegh, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Minorities in Engineering, Women in Engineering

this metaphor’spredominance, including: 1) what theoretical or methodological advantages and disadvantagesdoes this metaphor afford researchers? and 2) how does it highlight or mask the livedexperiences of women working in engineering academic contexts? In addition, we ask perhapsmore controversially how the reluctance to release pipeline theory from its hegemonic strongholdmight reflect engineering education’s larger disciplinary reluctance to review their currentstructure and reconstruct themselves into institutions that are more egalitarian? Page 22.684.2This paper critically explores the discourse of “pipeline” as an aim to (re)introduce

Conference Session

Broadening Participation of Minority Students in and with K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine A Broom, University of British Columbia, Okanagan; Wendy Lynn Klassen, University of British Columbia, Okanagan ; Carolyn Labun, Ph.D., University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

engineering itself may both reflect as well as continue toperpetuate the perception and reality of engineering as a male career. A simple and effectivefirst step to counter stereotypes of engineering as a male field appears to be, from this study, towork towards presenting equal numbers of male and female engineers to students.Bibliography1. AAUW: American Association of University Women (2010). Why so few? Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Available at: http://www.aauw.org/learn/ research/whysofew.cfm. Last accessed November 19th, 2010.2. Baker, D., & Leary, R. (1995). Letting girls speak out about science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32(1), 3-273. Brotman, J.S., & Moore

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianno Coller, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

. Page 22.717.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 First Look at a Video Game for Teaching DynamicsIntroductionFor decades, education scholars have been studying video games1-5. What they have found is thatthe most successful games often “teach” their players how to solve complex problems. Theproblems within a game typically start off rather easy and then progressively get more difficultas players’ skills develop. Players are motivated to learn within video games because it is clearthat knowledge is powerful. The learning is situated, and occurs through a process ofhypothesizing, probing, and reflecting upon the simulated world within the game. The goals areclear. Games provide players

Conference Session

Evolving Engineering Libraries: Services, Spaces, and Collections

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adriana Popescu, Princeton University, Engineering Library

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

evolution is reflected inthe departmental affiliation noted for each publication in the collection. Many of the centers,departments or laboratories that issued reports during that period of time are no longer inexistence, either due to consolidations or due to completion of projects. SEAS reports wereproduced mainly as a record of publicly funded research undertaken at the University. Whileresults of the research were often published in peer-reviewed literature, the reports frequentlycontain results of experiments, computations and primary data that are not included in thepublished literature. Some reports, especially those in high demand, have been catalogedindividually and holdings information has been accurately maintained for retrieval purposes

Conference Session

Research and Assessment

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Borchers, Kettering University; Sung Hee Park, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, Page 22.243.8allowing one to analyze variance in the dependent variable at multiple levels without artificiallyflattening the levels, and thereby allowing the variables to be more accurately reflective of the 7multilevel phenomenon. HLM originated in the mid-1980s in the fields of educationalmeasurement and sociology and has been applied to other domains as the idea of individuals orobjects, nested in groups, can explain additional variability of a phenomenon [9]. HLM is aregression-based approach that allows a hierarchical partitioning of variance. HLM provides away for examining higher-level effects on lower-level relationships. Researchers