Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Teaching I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Chesney, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

material.However, story-telling can often be used to complement, rather than detract from, the coursecontent that we are attempting to communicate to the students.When you have time, ask me about ‘The Legend of the Pink Pearl’. It is a very good story!References[1] Singh, S. The Code Book: The Evolution of Secrecy from Mary, Queen of Scots to Quantum Cryptography.Doubleday Publisher, 1999.[2] Wingfield, R. Narration of the Last Days of the Queen of Scots.[3] Felder, R., and Brent, R. Effective Teaching: A Workshop. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 10-11March, 2000.[4] Durant, R. You Mean the World to Me: Story Telling and Leader Listening in Organizational Learning. Ph.D

Conference Session

Manufacturing Laboratory Experience

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert LeMaster, University of Tennessee-Martin; David Farrow, University of Tennessee-Martin

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

exposestudents to a layer of system complexity not currently available. This could be accomplishedwith a minimum of hardware and cost.Having a second robot of the same (or similar) size as the current one would also enhance the labactivities in that students could gain experience in safely coordinating two robotic arms.Combining some grant proposal writing and contacting used robot vendors could be a way topursue this, barring another generous donation from industry.Having students design and implement a workcell for the existing industrial robot that performs aspecific task(s) would be yet another way to expand the automation lab capabilities on a limitedbudget, just as past expansions based on student projects have been.All of these potential

Conference Session

Mathematics in Transition

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josue Njock-Libii, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

the Motion of Pendulums,” Cambridge Philosophical Transactions, IX, 8, 1851. 2. Fox, Robert W., McDonald, Alan T., and Pritchard, Philip J., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, sixth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2004. 433- 447. 3. Zhang S. and Jin, J. Computation of Special Functions, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996. 4. Carlson, B. C. Special Functions of Applied Mathematics, Academic Press, New York, 1977. 5. Temme, N. M. Special Functions, John Wiley, New York, 1996 6. Knacke, T. W. Parachute Recovery Systems and Design Manual 7. Richard Nakka’s Experimental rocketry website, http://members.aol.com/ricnakk/paracon.html 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15,_Return_to_Earth 9. http

Conference Session

Convergence of Quality Assurance Systems Around the Globe

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Friesen, University of Manitoba; Myron (Ron) Britton, University of Manitoba

Tagged Divisions

International

ability to succeed in the engineering workplace in Canada is generally not related totheir technical knowledge and abilities. Rather, inadequate English language skills, lack ofcultural knowledge, and lack of community support are significant barriers to full labor forceparticipation including job entry and job maintenance. The IEEQ Pilot Program, a relativelynew, small, and evolving initiative, is one step toward addressing these challenges, with tangiblelocal results.References1 Canadian Council of Professional Engineers, From Consideration to Integration, Final Report from Phase I, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Council of Professional Engineers, 2003.2 Sum, A., Fogg, N., Khatiwada, I., and Palma, S., Foreign Immigration and the

Conference Session

Assessment & TC2K Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Crossman, Old Dominion University; Alok Verma, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Criteria for Accrediting Programs in Engineering in the United States. Baltimore, MD: The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), pp. 32-34.3. “Engineering Technology Criteria TC2K,” in Criteria for Accrediting Programs in Engineering in the United States. Baltimore, MD: The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).4. J. McGourty. “Strategies for Developing, Implementing and Institutionalizing a Comprehensive Assessment Process for Engineering Education” in proc. Frontiers in Education 1998.5. B. S. Bloom, M. D. Englehart, E. J. Furst, W. H. Hill, and D. R. Krathwohl, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. New York: Lingman, 1956.6. M. Besterfield-Sacre

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Design & Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alok Verma, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

simulates repair activitiessuch as painting, blasting, engine overhaul, shaft straightening, pipe replacement, anddeck plate replacements. Figure-2, Ship Repair Simulation Model Fourteen to twenty people can participate in this simulation. During simulationparticipants are assigned to seven different departments: planning, hull, machinery,production shop, warehouse, waterfront services, and inspection. The simulation exercise starts with the traditional manufacturing model involvingpush system and functional layout. During this phase, lack of communication betweendifferent departments increases process lead-time. During the second phase, Leanconcepts like 5-S, standardized work, point of use storage, and

Conference Session

International Engineering Education II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mulchand Rathod, Wayne State University; Mary James Legatski, American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Tagged Divisions

International

2006-89: A PERSPECTIVE ON INITIATIVES IN DIVERSITY AND OUTREACHACTIVITIES OF ASME, AN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYMulchand Rathod, Wayne State University Mulchand S Rathod, PhD, PE, professor of Division of Engineering Technology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan is recognized for a career of dedicated, unselfish service to engineering and technology education, as a leader in education, faculty member, and as a contributor to professional societies. Dr Rathod lead the Division of Engineering Technology as director and chair during 1987-2003. Prior to joining WSU, he worked at State University of New York at Binghamton as coordinator of mechanical engineering technology program and assistant

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade in Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

. 12. Carriere, P., “Overview of NSF Programs that Strongly Promote Integration of Research and Education,” Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. 13. Pimmel, R., “Programs for Engineering Education in the National Science Foundation’s Division of Undergraduate Education,” Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. 14. Keith, J. M. “A Student-Driven Enterprise in Fuel Cells and Alternative Fuels,” Proceedings of the 2004 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. 15. Keith, J. M., Miller, M. G., Opella, K. C., King, J. A., Meldrum, J., Green, C., Gwaltney, G , Bradley, S. “Engineering Education in Alternative Energy,” Proceedings of the 2006 ASEE

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Innovation and Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priya Manohar, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. This balancing act then becomesquite a challenge. To address this challenge, a two-tier approach was developed and delivered duringthe Fall 05 term at Robert Morris University to deal with the differing expectations of thestakeholders in the teaching/learning environment as described in Figure 1. This approachis further discussed in this article.3. The Two-Tier Approach The first tier of the teaching plan, called the ‘essential teaching plan’ includes all ofthe essential teaching elements. These elements consist of the following: • Set teaching method(s): The options are lecture, discussion, tutorial, laboratory, mutli-media resources. For different topics, the instructor identifies appropriate teaching methods and

Conference Session

Global Engineering in an Interconnected World

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismet Anitsal, Tennessee Tech University; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University

Tagged Divisions

International

fire a team member who is not making a substantive contribution to the success of the team. Page 11.209.6 • Understand the course introduction and lecture summaries in power point slides for both the course and the game (some with voice recordings). Study the simulation resource documents (e.g., student instructions, student manual, game scenario, decisions by quarter, balanced scorecard) • Practice exercise(s) such as QFD exercise in understanding how to create customer value. Use library resources to learn more on important topics such as customer value and ‘quality function deployment’ (QFD

Conference Session

What's New in Statics?

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Steif, Carnegie Mellon University; Mary Hansen, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

, experience and school, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning, Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., Cocking, R.R. (Eds.), Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 1999.4. Hestenes, D., Wells, M. and Swackhamer, G., “Force Concept Inventory”, The Physics Teacher, Vol. 30, p. 141, 1992.5. D. Evans, C. Midkiff, R. Miller, J. Morgan, S. Krause, J. Martin, B. Notaros, D. Rancor, and K. Wage, “Tools for Assessing Conceptual Understanding in the Engineering Sciences,” Proceedings of the 2002 FIE Conference, Boston, MA.6. Steif, P.S. and J.A. Dantzler, “A Statics Concept Inventory: Development and Psychometric Analysis”, Journal of Engineering Education, J. Eng. Educ., Vol. 33, pp. 363-371, 2005.7. Steif, P.S. and M.A

Conference Session

FPD2 -- Highlighting First-Year Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Howard, East Carolina University; Joseph Musto, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Engineering Education, January 1994.8 Sorby, S.A., “A “New and Improved” Course for Developing Spatial Visualization Skills,” ASEE 2001 Annual Conference.9 SolidWorks is a registered trademark of the SolidWorks Corporation, 300 Baker Avenue, Concord, MA 01742.10 eDrawings is a trademark of the SolidWorks Corporation, 300 Baker Avenue, Concord, MA 01742.11 Otto, K. and Wood, K., Product Design: Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development, Prentice-Hall, 2000.12 Musto, J.C., Howard, W.E., and Rather, S., “Using Solid Modeling and Rapid Prototyping in a Mechanical Engineering Outreach Program of High School Students,” The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 32, Number 4, October 2004.13

Conference Session

Advancing Manufacturing Education Through Outreach and Collaboration

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Val Hawks, Brigham Young University; Michael Miles, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Developing Countries: How well they do and why? Journal of Economic Literature. (38) 1. pp. 11-44.[5] Hajjar, B.A.&.P.J. (1993). Managerial inefficiency in small manufacturing business in Saudi Arabia: a constraint upon economic development. Industry and Development, 32, 39-54.[6] Edwardson, W. (1989). Improvement in the Small-Scale Food Industry in Developing Countries. Industry and Development, 27, 67-79.[7] Kesper, A. (2000). Failing or not Aiming to Grow: Manufacturing SMME's and their contribution to employment growth in South Africa. Urban Forum, 12, 171-203.[8] Wilson, S. R., Ballance, R. & Pogany, J. (1995). Beyond Quality: An agenda for improving manufacturing capabilities in developing countries

Conference Session

Teaching Innovation in Architectural Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cowan, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

that would involve more participantswould enable the data and conclusions to be further reaching in conclusions andrecommendations. As it now stands the conclusions can only be attributed to this small samplegroup. However, given the encouraging results from this study it appears that using an adoptedbuilding as a case study within this context could prove to be a valuable method for teachingstudents about commercial construction.References:1. Grabow, S. & Alexander, C. (1983). The Search For A New Paradigm In Architecture. Boston: Oriel Press, p. 88.2. Scott Brown, D. Breaking Down the Barriers between Theory and Practice, p.43.3. Cuff, D. (1991). Architecture: The Story of Practice. Cambridge: MIT Press, p. 7.4. Berg, B. (2001

Conference Session

Evaluation and Assessment of IE Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane Fraser, Colorado State University-Pueblo; Alejandro Teran, ITAM (Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico)

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

States: Stagnation versus Change.” Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.2. Batty, J. Clair, and Mayuree Thespol. “Engineering Education in Asia – the Thailand Example.” Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.3. De Bon, S., D. Wolfe, J.-Y. Chagnon, and W.G. Paterson. “Engineering Accreditation in Canada and Its Current Challenges.” Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.4. Dorato, Peter, and Chaouki Abdallah. “A Survey of Engineering Education Outside the United States: Implications for the Ideal Engineering Program. J. of

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Summers, Weber State University; Julanne McCulley, Weber State University

arerequirements for entrance, requirements for exit, requirements for every step between. Thisoften-rigid system of qualified teachers setting up stringent requirements for a desired academicoutcome is largely responsible for the enormous body of knowledge our society depends ontoday. It is not the purpose of this paper to suggest changes to the requirements for qualifiedengineering degrees. It is to suggest a broader look at how to make these requirements moreattractive to today's student in a world with many competitive options.It is a well-known fact in the field of engineering sciences that enrollment in universityengineering and engineering technology programs has declined since the mid 1980's, and thatattrition rates, particularly among the

Conference Session

ChE: Curriculum Reform & Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Turton, West Virginia University; Joseph Shaeiwitz, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

elective(s) in unit operations could be Table 1: Suggested Traditional Chemical Engineering Curriculum Required Subjects Basic Sciences basic skills/freshman class math material and energy balances chemistry thermodynamics physics fluid mechanics biology heat transfer mass transfer/separations Possible Electives transport phenomena§ safety reaction engineering biochemical engineering control materials/polymers unit operations laboratory class(es

Conference Session

What's New in Mechanics of Materials?

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nashwan Younis, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

., “Mode I Stress Intensity Factor by the Method of Caustics,” TheInternational Journal of Applied Engineering Education, Vol. 7, pp. 294-302, 1991.2. Younis, N. T., “Experimental Method of Caustics for Civil and Mechanical Engineering Students,”Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Portland, Oregon,June 12-15, 2005.3. Steif, P. S., “Initial Data from a Statics Concept inventory,” Proceedings of the American Society forEngineering Education Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 20-23, 2004.4. Philpot, T. A., Hubing, N., Flori, R. E., Hall, R. H., Oglesby, D. B., and Yellamraju V., “Computer-Based Instructional Media for Mechanics of Materials,” International Journal of Engineering Education,Online

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati; Virginia Westheider, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 11.877.11[14] Leonard, D. and S. Strauss, “Putting Your Company’s Whole Brain to Work,” Harvard Business Review.Reprint Number 97407. July 1, 1997.

Conference Session

Software Engineering Curriculum Support

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jayathi Raghavan, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Massood Towhidnejad, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

Mergerstat Free Reports: M&A Activity U.S. and U.S. Cross-Border Transactions, www.mergerstat.com/new/free_reports_m_and_a_activity.asp6. Harrison, J.V., Enhancing Software Development Project Courses Via Industry Participation, Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, 1997, 192-204.7. Kornecki, A.J., Hirmanpour, I.Towhidnejad, M., Strengthening Software Engineering Education through Academic Industry Collaboration, Proceeding of the 10th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, 1997, 204-209.8. Kornecki, A. J. Khajenoori, S., Gluch, D., and Karneli, N., On a partnership between Software Industry and Academia, Proceedings of 16th Conference on Software Engineering

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Mariano Savelski, Rowan University; Robert Hesketh, Rowan University; C. Stewart Slater, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

M = 2 DC s Ct t 1mixed with a hydrophobic matrix, and 0compressed into tablet form using a standard 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5method such as the direct compression method or 1/2 1/2dry granulation method. Drug, matrix, and Time (h )process parameters affect the tablet’s physicalproperties which include hardness, disintegration Figure 1. Higuchi drug release follows a square-root of time dependence.and dissolution. These properties can beevaluated using standard methods

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University; Jeffrey Ray, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, Page 11.397.11and Duy Nguyen.Bibliography 1. Micromanipulator, “Basics of Low Current Probing”, application note #A1009492. 2. Micromanipulator, “High Performance Thermal Chuck System”. 3. K. F. Hollman and D. L. Harrison, “Wafer probe station”, U.S. Patent 6,803,756, 2004. 4. P. Navratil, B. Froemke, C. Stewart, A. Lord, Spencer, S. Runbaugh, G. Fisher, P. McCann, and T. Jones, “Probe station”, U.S. Patent 6,777,964, 2004. Page 11.397.12

Conference Session

FPD3 -- Professional Issues for First-Year Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dwight Tolliver, University of Tennessee; Lauren Hines, University of Tennessee; J. Roger Parsons, University of Tennessee-Knoxville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

attitudes that were stressed during theacademic year.In conclusion, this study indicates that technical team experiences seem to lead to apositive increase in student’s attitudes and perceptions of teams and group work. Thesepositive changes were seen overall, in learning objectives and theoretically basedcategorizations of group concepts, and, in most cases, at the individual statement level.As communication and team skills become increasingly important in the modern world,these team experiences may become a vital part of engineering education.References:1 www.abet.org. Retrieved January 14, 2006.2 Tichon, M., Seat, S., “Team toolbox: Activities and suggestions for facilitation project teams,” Frontiers in Engineering Education Conference

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melinda Hess, University of South Florida; Autar Kaw, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, Individual differences in learning entrepreneurship and their implications for web-based instruction in e-business and e-commerce, British Journal of Educational Technology, 34, 455-465 (2003).12. S Hasegawa, A. Kashihara, and J. Toyoda, E-learning Library with Local Indexing and Adaptive Navigation Support for Web-based Learning, Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12, 91-111 (2003).13. J.D. Bransford, J. D., A.L. Brown and R.R. Cocking, How people learn: brain, mind, experience and school, National Academy Press, Washington DC (1999).14. N. Sonwalker, The sharp edge of the cube: pedagogically driven instruction design for online education”, Syllabus Online Magazine, December 2001. http://www.syllabus.com

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deanna Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University; Robert Heard, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Science, Mathematical, and Environmental Education. Columbus, Ohio 1998. 3. Tilbury D. Environmental education for sustainability: Defining the new focus of environmental education in the 1990’s. Environmental Education Research v1 n2 p195-212 1995. 4. Davidson, Cliff I., Chris T. Hendrickson, H. Scott Matthews. Sustainable Engineering: A Sequence of Page 11.673.7 Courses at Carnegie Mellon. Proceedings of the Biennial Conference of the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors, Clarkson University, July 23-28, 2005.5. Van Kasteren, Johannes M. N. Interdisciplinary teaching within

Conference Session

Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Instruction

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Mueller, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

scientistsassess information. Students are directed to the IPFW library webpage and the IntegratedInformation Foraging Environment for a more detailed discussion of information literacy.ProjectsThe first project dealt with the properties of air, which was treated as an ideal gas withtemperature-dependent specific heats.8 Students were give two options—use NASA curve-fitsor a table look-up scheme—to produce the thermophysical properties h, s, and cp and thetransport properties o, k, and c. This first project was designed to familiarize students with thecomputer.The second project required the students to model the compression of an ideal gas withtemperature-dependent specific heats. Students were given a simple MATLAB computer codeto solve a similar

Conference Session

Customizing Courses for Industry Training Needs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jody Pierce, Purdue University; Russell Aubrey, Purdue University; John Eddy, Purdue University; Charles Baker, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

do so, students were admitted to Purdue and registered for the appropriate course(s) by the regular campus deadlines even though the classes didn’t start at the traditional campus semester start times. • The Purdue Business Office did not invoice Red Gold until the courses were actually delivered. • Course delivery schedules were built around Pack Season by holding one course in the fall, two courses in the spring and one course in the summer.The students selected to attend Phase I, now named Certificate of Completion from RedGold University as delivered by Purdue University, were Team Leaders from variousdepartments and plants at Red Gold. They came from scheduling, plant floor operations,and the maintenance

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum & non-Technical Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

JoDell Steuver, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

financial, management and technology needs.“Effective philanthropy and nonprofit management are instrumental in creating and maintainingpublic confidence in the philanthropic traditions--voluntary association, voluntary giving, andvoluntary action.”5Bibliography1. Anderson, M. (July – August 2005). The British Museum. The Art Newspaper. Retrieved from http://www.aeaconsulting.com/site/article_britishmuseum.html. January 17, 2006.2. Lee, C., Chang, S., Wang, K., and Wen, L. (2000). Management of scrap computer recycling in Taiwan. Journal of Hazardous Materials. A73. 209-213. Retrieved from http://aix.meng.auth.gr/helcare/ScareEng/Papers/management%20of%20scrap%20pc%20recycling%20in%20Tai wan.pdf. March 5, 2006.3. Taliento, L. and Silverman

Conference Session

Software Engineering Curriculum Support

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Clifton, University of Wisconsin-Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

. and Tomayko, J. Applying the Personal Software Process in CS1: An Experiment. The Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (1998), 322-325.[7] Nagappan, N., Williams, L., Ferzli, M., Wiebe, E., Yang, K., Miller, C., and Balik, S. Improving the CS1 Experience with Pair Programming. The Proceedings of the Thirty-fourth SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (2003), 359-362. Page 11.1137.10[8] Werner, L., Hanks, B., McDowell, C., Bullock, H. and Fernald, J. Want to Increase Retention of Your Female Students? Computing Research News, Volume 17, Number 4, March

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmet Zeytinci, University of the District of Columbia; Philip Brach, University of the District of Columbia

, law and medicine(AELM) was quite mixed. In the 1800’s the complexity of buildings, in terms of their structureand utilities gave rise to the engineering profession necessary to design and construct our modernmultistory buildings.Acceptance by the PublicThe field of building architecture has always been accepted by the public as witnessed by theclassical homes of the wealthy and the ornate structures of the early urban landscape. As thesestructures became taller and required more intricate utility systems (plumbing, mechanical,electrical, etc.) the need for engineering services increased. However the acceptance and statureof the engineer remained subservient to the architect. At this point in time the practice ofmedicine for general health