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Displaying results 9181 - 9210 of 34727 in total
Conference Session
Frontiers in Engineering Management
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Management
theory of delays. Retrieved from http://www.deltadynamicsinc.com6. Bozzone, V. (2002). Speed to market: Lean manufacturing for job shops (2nd ed.). New York: AMACOM.7. Celano, G., Costa, A., & Fichera, S. (2003). An evolutionary algorithm for pure fuzzy flow shop scheduling problems. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness & Knowledge-Based Systems, 11(6), 655-669.8. Choi, B. K., & You, N. K. (2006). Dispatching rules for dynamic scheduling of one-of-a-kind production. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 19(4), 383-392.9. Choi, S. H., & Yang, F. Y. (2005). Quick value-setting algorithms for the longest path problem of job shop scheduling. Journal of Manufacturing
Conference Session
Post BS Entrepreneurship Education Needs
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Barbe, University of Maryland; James Green, University of Maryland; Dean Chang, University of Maryland
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Page 15.5.3continuum, and it is believed that by providing a continuum of resources to entrepreneurs andstartup companies, the probability of success is significantly increased. Details of each of theprograms listed in the figure will be discussed below. Students Companies Re sea rch • H inm an CEOs • On- campus I ncubat or Base • Tech St ar tup Boot Cam p • B- Plan Competition • 2 n d stage I ncubator I nnovat ive Concepts • H illm an Entr epr en eur s
Conference Session
Software and Hardware for Educators I
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chad Hager, United States Air Force Academy; Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Cameron Wright, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
], which resulted in the need forthis project.Methods A series of gradually more challenging homework assignments were developed for thecomputer architecture course. An overview of each assignment follows.Assignment 1—Introduction to HDL and Utilities As an introductive exercise, students implement basic components using differentdesigning schemes. Knowing how to effectively navigate through these design schemes assistthem in future homework. The following strategies are given to the students:Implement a half adder using dataflow modeling: • Outputs: S-Sum, C-Carry • Inputs: X-Bit 1, Y-Bit-2Use hierarchal and gate-level modeling to implement a full adder: • Outputs: S-Sum, C-Carry • Inputs: X-Bit1, Y-Bit-2, Z-Carry InCreate a
Conference Session
Computational Tools and Simulation III
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Hassan Rajaei, Bowling Green State University; Arsen Gasparyan, Bowling Green State University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
. Further development of the physical model and image processing algorithms shouldmake it possible to control virtual objects from any location in cyber space using a laptop withembedded web-camera.Bibliography1. Bluemel, E., Hintze, A., Schulz, T., Schumann, M., & Stuering, S. (2003). Virtual environments for the training of maintenance and service tasks. In Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference, USA, 2001-2007.2 De Lara, J., & Alfonseca, M. (2001). Constructing simulation-based web documents. IEEE MultiMedia, 8, 42- 49.3 Fishwick, P. A. (1996). Web-based simulation: Some personal observations. Proceedings of the 1996 Winter Simulation Conference, USA, 772-779.4 Manojlovich, J., Prasithsangaree, P
Conference Session
Measurement Tools
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Patricia Ralston, University of Louisville; Cathy Bays, University of Louisville
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
AC 2010-1518: REFINING A CRITICAL THINKING RUBRIC FOR ENGINEERINGPatricia Ralston, University of Louisville Dr. Patricia A. S. Ralston is Chair of the Department of Engineering Fundamentals at the University of Louisville. She holds a joint appointment in Engineering Fundamentals and in Chemical Engineering. Dr. Ralston teaches undergraduate engineering mathematics and is currently involved, with other Speed faculty, in educational research on effective use of Tablet PCs in engineering education and the incorporation of critical thinking in engineering education. Her fields of expertise include process modeling, simulation, and process control.Cathy Bays, University of Louisville
Conference Session
TIME 3: Thermal Systems
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Stephen McClain
Session 2266 The Use of MathCAD Functions for Thermochemical Analysis of the CHON System in an Internal Combustion Engines Course Stephen T. McClain Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham 1530 3rd Ave. S., BEC 358B Birmingham, AL 35294-4461 smcclain@uab.eduAbstractData from “The Chemkin Thermodynamic Data Base” were used to generate MathCADfunctions for the molar specific enthalpy, internal energy
Conference Session
Choice and Persistence in Engineering Education and Careers
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Allison Godwin, Clemson University; Geoff Potvin, Florida International University; Zahra Hazari, Florida International University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
0.250 1.284 0.076 *** Family arranged for science tutoring 0.643 1.903 0.190 ***Predictors Father – Engineer -0.507 0.602 0.181 *** Mother – Engineer - - - n/s Sibling – Engineer 0.798 2.222 0.142 *** Other relative – Engineer 0.456 1.578 0.094 *** Mother/female guardian contributed to career
Conference Session
California on the Move: A Robust Array of Student Success Initiatives
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Catherine Baker Lipe; Brandon Price
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
a National Science Foundation Scholarships inScience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) grant, the program involves acollaboration among STEM faculty, college staff, administrators, student organizations, andpartners in industry, four-year institutions, local high schools, and professional organizations. Inaddition to providing financial support through the scholarships, student access to academiccapital is increased through an intensive math review program, tutoring, study groups,supplemental instruction, and research internship opportunities. Access to cultural and socialcapital is increased by providing scholars with faculty mentors; engaging students with STEMfaculty, university researchers, and industry professionals
Conference Session
New Teaching Methods in Mechanics
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sarah L. Billington, Stanford University; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University; Robert C Calfee, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University; Peggy C. Boylan-Ashraf, Stanford University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
topic of free-body diagrams (Week 4 and Week 5), and (4) in-class individual and pair work on creating free body diagrams (Week 4).Our primary research focus is to investigate under what conditions (e.g., student background andinterests, prior experience, course content) do variation in the substance and style of web-basedexercises during the introductory course in mechanics impact student self-efficacy andachievement? Is there variability among our observed variables? Furthermore, can we removeredundancy or duplication from our set of correlated variables? Thus we used Factor Analysis topotentially identify latent independent variable(s) associated with the Self-Efficacy Confidenceand Difficulty measures in Figure 4. We will explore how
Conference Session
Sustainability
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mary Katherine Watson, The Citadel; Joshua Pelkey, AirWatch; Michael Owen Rodgers, Georgia Institute of Technology; Caroline R. Noyes, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering
tura tura tura ion trac -Struc i -S truc i -S truc Relat e d Abs P re Un Mul t end Ext Figure 1. Variations in CEE seniors’ sustainability knowledge (n = 63). Page 24.583.11Table 3. Examples of student sustainability definitions
Conference Session
Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jose A. Galvan, Carnegie Mellon University; Elizabeth Casman, Carnegie Mellon University; Eden Fisher, Carnegie Mellon University; Indira Nair, Carnegie Mellon University; Mitchell J. Small, Carnegie Mellon University
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative & Experiential Education
Page 24.209.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Assessing the Role of 21st Century Skills on Internship Performance OutcomesAbstract Internships prepare students for the workplace by giving them opportunities to develop relevantskills. The Committee on the Assessment of 21st Century Skills of the U. S. National Research Council(NRC), the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), has been developing definitionsof workplace skills enabling individuals to face 21st Century challenges. In 2010 the Committeedefined three categories of skills underpinning a broad range of jobs: cognitive, interpersonal, andintrapersonal. The goal of this paper is
Conference Session
A Focus on Non-Traditional Students and Non-Traditional Course Delivery Methods
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Armineh Noravian, San Francisco State University; Patricia Irvine, San Francisco State University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
. King, C. J. Restructuring engineering education: Why, how and when? Journal of Engineering Education 101, 1–5 (2012).5. Engineering and Social Justice: In the University and Beyond. (Purdue University Press, 2011).6. National Center for Education Statistics. Table 205. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level and control of institution, attendance status, and sex of student: Selected years, 1970 through 2010. Digest of Education Statistics (2011). at 7. Malcom, L. E. in Understanding community colleges (Levin, J. S. & Kater, S. T.) 19–35 (Routledge, 2013).8. National Science Foundation. Table 4-3. S&E and S&E technologies associate’s degrees awarded, by sex, citizenship, race
Conference Session
Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs II
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Osvaldo Mangual, Honeywell Aerospace; Marvi Teixeira, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico; Reynaldo Lopez-Roig, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico; Felix Javier Nevarez-Ayala, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
mixed-mode (MPI-OpenMP) parallel implementation, including performance and scalability studies, carried out inour 16-node, 64 processor cluster.Based on the prime factor decomposition of the signal length this algorithm, which is based on ablock diagonal factorization of the circulant matrices, breaks a one-dimensional cyclicconvolution into shorter cyclic sub-convolutions. The subsections can be processed,independently, either in serial or parallel mode. The only requirement is that the signal length, N,admits at least an integer, r0, as a factor; N = r0.s. The Argawal-Cooley Cyclic Convolutionalgorithm, has a similar capability but requires that the signal length can be factored intomutually prime factors; N = r0.s with (r0,s) = 1. Since the
Conference Session
Spatial Ability & Visualization Training II
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chen Guo, Purdue University; Yingjie Victor Chen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Craig L. Miller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nathan W. Hartman, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amy B. Mueller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrick E. Connolly, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
support, and customer service management. His interests include solid modeling applications, virtual and augmented reality, visualization techniques, innovative teaching methods, and distance learning. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Information Visualization for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) DataAbstractEnabling users to explore the vast volumes of data from different groups is one of productlifecycle management (PLM)’s goals. PLM must solve such problems as isolated “Islands ofData” and “Island of Automation”; the massive data flow of distanced collaborative design,manufacturing, and management; and the incapability of interpreting and
Conference Session
Innovations in Electrical Engineering Courses
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ron J. Pieper, University of Texas, Tyler; Wudyalew T. Wondmagegn, Frostburg State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
sin π x Sa ( x) = Sinc(x ) = x πx S inc( x ) = Sa ( π x ) rect ( x) = 1 if x ≤ 1 2; = 0 otherwise Re {a + jb} = a (a + jb)∗ = (a − jb) 3d : aib = ax bx + a y by + az bz 2d : a ib = ax bx + a y by u = uu ∗ j = −1
Conference Session
ChE Outreach and Recruitment
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Ellen Ford; Keith Levien; Ellen Momsen; Willie (Skip) Rochefort
of K-12 Outreach in that it acknowledges that early and continuedexposure to science and engineering are keys to getting and keeping students interested in scienceand engineering career s. In the Spring of 2003 the Oregon State University College ofEngineering was awarded a grant from the Flora and William Hewlett Foundation for the specificpurpose of recruitment and retention of students into engineering, and in particular women andminorities. Approximately one-quarter of the funds allocated in that grant were targeted for K-12outreach activities, acknowledging the importance of early exposure to both recruitment andretention of women and minorities in engineering.The influx of funding from the Hewlett grant had a significant impact on both
Conference Session
Information Integration and Security
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
J. Cecil
understanding ofa given VE’s product(s) and customers, (b) identification of the potential VE partners andformation of the product development team, (c) development of an Information OrientedEnterprise Model (IOEM) of the VE’s collaborative activities and tasks, (d) design andImplementation of an Internet-based distributed software system, (e) identification ofmetrics to evaluate functioning of VE, initiation of a pilot initiative, and (f) identificationand adoption of necessary changes.Various reports including [INT EN 03, NIIIP ] have highlighted the importance ofeducating students in topics related to virtual enterprises. As part of a new course titled‘Distributed Manufacturing’, engineering students form virtual enterprises and plan,design and
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Frederick Stern
various facilities and MS for use in both introductory andadvanced Mechanical and Civil & Environmental Engineering courses, especially theintroductory level fluid dynamics course, which is a 4-semester hour junior level course requiredin both Departments and also frequently elected by Biomedical Engineering students.Traditionally, course used 4-lectures per week for AFD with a few additional EFD labs forpurpose of highlighting fundamental principles. Tabletop buoyancy and stability and jetmomentum and hydraulic flume sluice-gate/hydraulic jump labs conducted. Students oftencomplained course overloaded even for 4-semester hours.Original concept for present developments was tested in late 1980’s and early 1990’s throughdesign and construction
Conference Session
Molecular and Multiscale Phenomena
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Vijay Ramani; James Fenton; Suzanne Fenton
Session 3413 Active Learning of Chemical Engineering Principles Using a Solar Panel / Water Electrolyzer / Fuel Cell System Suzanne S. Fenton, Vijay Ramani, and James M. Fenton Department of Chemical Engineering University of ConnecticutAbstractModules are described that provide experimental/analytical investigation of traditional chemicalengineering concepts within the framework of a solar/hydrogen renewable energy cycle. Modulelessons cover photovoltaics, thermodynamics, stoichiometry, characteristic current-voltagecurves/efficiency, kinetics and transport. A self
Conference Session
Introduction to Engineering: The Present State
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Sandra Courter; Jay Martin
Page 8.8.7 Copyright 2003, American Society for Engineering Educationprimary audience since they decided what proposals had merit and how to proceed towardtheir final design. Sometimes the final design was the one proposed, had parts fromdifferent proposals, or was a new design altogether. Because they were the decision-makers, the other students in the lab were the primary audience. However, for the finaldesign report, the clients were definitely the primary audience because they would decidethe merits of the design and future directions. Regarding purpose, most of the writing assignments were designed to persuade. Inthe proposal, students tried to persuade peers that their design would solve their clients’problem/s
Collection
2001 Annual Conference
Authors
Berrisford Boothe; Todd Watkins; John Ochs
P R E --C COLLEGE OUTREACH F R E S H M A N D E S IIG G N P R O JJE ECTS D E SIG N A R T S E N G IIN N E E R IIN NG B U S IIN NESS S E Q U E N C IIE ES SE Q U EN C ES SEQ U ENC ES C
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
William C. Beston; Sharon B. Fellows; Richard Culver
Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources: 5th Ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1988.4. Culver, R.S. “Who’s In Charge Here? Promoting Self-Managed Learning,” Engineering Education, 1987.5. Culver, R.S., J.T. Hackos. “Perry’s Model of Intellectual Development,” Engineering Education, Dec. 1982.6. Culver, R.S. “Optimum Academic Performance and its Relation to Emotional Intelligence,” Proc.-Frontiers in Education Conference, San Juan, P.R, November, 1999.7. Perry, W. Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Devel. in the College Years, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, NY, 1970.8. Goleman, D. Emotional Intelligence, Bantam Books, New York, 1995.9. Sackman, G.A., S. Fellows, R.S. Culver, “DTeC – A Technology-based Freshman Design Course Sequence
Conference Session
Poster Sessions for Unit Operations Lab Bazaar and Tenure-Track Faculty
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Deniz Rende, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Nihat Baysal, Yeditepe University; Sevinc Rende, Isik University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
7. Communication skills when interacting with students 8. Overall performanceThe second type of evaluation forms used on the presentation day requires students to evaluatetheir team mates and their own performance during the semester and during the projects. Thisquestionnaire, in Table 7, enables students to evaluate self-performance and the performance oftheir team mates. Table 7: Inquiry about the performance of the teammates Rate over 10 (1 - very poor .. 10 - very good) 1. S(he) has completed perfectly every part of laboratory reports that s(he) was responsible 2. S(he) was eager to help other partners on their parts 3. S(he) contributed her/his
Conference Session
Emerging Information Technologies
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Abul K. M. Azad, Northern Illinois University
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
. L., Neff. G. P., Stratton, M. J., and Summers, D. C. S. (2002). Future directions for mechanical manufacturing, and industrial engineering technology programs, Journal of Engineering Technology, 19(1), pp.8-15.[5] Scott, J. (2003). A vision for online kindergarten learning community, Technological Horizons in Education, 30(7), pp.40-43.[6] Boyle, A. P., Bryon, D. N., and Paul, C. R. C. (1997). Computer-based learning and assessment: A palaeontological case study with outcomes and implications, Computers and Geosciences, 23(5), pp.573- 580.[7] Grose, T. K. (2003). Can distance education be unlocked, PRISM, April, pp.19-23.[8] Palais, J. and Javurek, C. G. (1996). The Arizona State University electrical engineering
Conference Session
Approaches to Teaching Ethics
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael H.G. Hoffmann, Georgia Institute as Technology; Jason Borenstein, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
AC 2012-3445: CHANGING ENGINEERING ETHICS EDUCATION: UN-DERSTANDING ILL-STRUCTURED PROBLEMS THROUGH ARGUMENTVISUALIZATION IN COLLABORATIVE LEARNINGProf. Michael H.G. Hoffmann, Georgia Institute as Technology Michael H.G. Hoffmann’s research focuses on the question of how creativity, cognitive change, and learn- ing can be stimulated by constructing diagrammatic representations, and by experimenting with those representations. This idea has first been developed by Charles S. Peirce in his concept of ”diagrammatic reasoning.” Since 2004, he developed ”Logical Argument Mapping (LAM),” a method and diagrammatic system of representation that is supposed to stimulate critical thinking. LAM has been implemented in the
Conference Session
Undergraduate Recruitment
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Susan Shapcott, Arizona State University; Katherine G. Nelson, Arizona State University; Jenefer Husman, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
engineering programs areuniquely positioned to incorporate these recommendations. This material is based upon work primarily supported by the Engineering ResearchCenter Program of the National Science Foundation and the Office of Energy Efficiency andRenewable Energy of the Department of Energy under NSF Cooperative Agreement No.EEC‐1041895. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the National ScienceFoundation or Department of Energy. Page 25.303.2 Changing the Face of Engineering: How Photovoltaic
Conference Session
Trends in Mechanical Engineering: Curricula and Courses
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Benita M. Comeau, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Rohit Karnik, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Sang-Gook Kim, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
Progress. Society of Petroleum Engineers, Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Page 25.442.14 Exhibition & Conference held in Abu Dhabi, UAE, 1-4 November 2010.4. Ng, J.M.K., Gitlin, I., Stroock, A.D. & Whitesides, G.M. Components for integrated poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic systems. Electrophoresis 23, 3461-3473 (2002).5. Xia, Y.N. & Whitesides, G.M. Soft lithography. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 37, 551-575 (1998).6. Whitesides, G.M., Ostuni, E., Takayama, S., Jiang, X.Y. & Ingber, D.E. Soft lithography in biology and biochemistry. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 3
Conference Session
Systems Engineering Education and K-12
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Reid Bailey, University of Virginia; Joanne Bechta Dugan, University of Virginia; Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology; Matthew E. McFarland, University of Virginia
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering
on curriculum design," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 82, pp. 203-211, 1993.[9] J. T. Klein, "Interdisciplinary Teamwork: The Dynamics of Collaboration and Integration," in Interdisciplinary Collaboration: An Emerging Cognitive Scienc, S. J. Derry, M. A. Gernsbacher, and C. D. Schunn, Eds., ed: Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2005, pp. 23-50.[10] W. C. Morse, M. Nielsen-Pincus, J. E. Force, and J. D. Wulfhorst, "Bridges and Barriers to Developing and Conducting Interdisciplinary Graduate-Student Team Research," Ecology and Society, vol. 12, 2007.[11] D. Richter and M. C. Paretti, "Identifying barriers to and outcomes of interdisciplinarity in the engineering classroom
Conference Session
Engineering and Public Policy II
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David O. Kazmer, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Katie Bardaro, PayScale, Inc.
Tagged Divisions
Engineering and Public Policy
semi-log function using the logarithm of earnings as the dependentvariable. Mincer used two forms of the earning function, parabolic and Gompertz. The grossannual earnings Es,t for a worker with s years of schooling and t years of experience is expressedwith parabolic dependence as: (1)where rs and rp are the rates of return on schooling and post-school investments, k0 is the ratio ofinvestment to gross earnings at the start of work experience, and T is the positive net investmentperiod (career work span). The Gompertz earning function incorporates a sigmoidal transferfunction to express the decline in value of up-front investment in education
Conference Session
NSF Grantees' Poster Session
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Raymundo Arroyave, Texas A&M University; Miladin Radovic, Texas A&M University; Jefferey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
professionalsocialization into the sciences22. Russell et al found that participation in undergraduate researchresulted in increases in understanding, confidence, and awareness23. Eighty-eight percent of the3300 respondents to a survey “reported that their understanding of how to conduct a researchproject increased a fair amount or a great deal, 83% said their confidence in their research skillsincreased, and 73% said their awareness of what graduate school is like increased” 23. Also, 68%of the respondents “said their interest in a STEM career increased at least somewhat as a result oftheir UR experience”23.2.3 The Impact of Non-traditional Teaching on the Learning Experience of 21st CenturyEngineering StudentsNow more than ever, the U. S. faces a number of