Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - Innovative Teaching Strategies II

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Alexander, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; NAZMUL RAHMANI, Texas A&M University - Kingsville

are their client, and graduates are their final product.There are experiences and skills developed from working in industry that can help a new facultymember in transitioning to an academic position [2, 4]. These include flexibility, trying newthings, having an enthusiastic attitude, and effective time management [5]. Conversely, thereare certain skills that could be helpful to a new academic that are not likely to have beendeveloped while in an industrial position [3]. These skills or experiences include motivatingstudents to learn, assisting struggling students, effective course planning and delivery, starting anindependent research program, obtaining external funding, writing rigorous assignments andtests, handling students in the

Conference Session

CPDD Technical Session 1 - Design of Professional Development Curricula

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Lu, Texas A&M University; Scott Tingey, Texas A&M University; Denise Preusser; Behbood Zoghi, Texas A&M University

rate the organization of this course. 3.60 4 90.00% Based on what the instructor(s) communicated, and the information7 provided in the course syllabus, I understood what was expected of me. 2.82 3 94.08% Begin this course evaluation by reflecting on your own level of engagement and participation in the course. What portion of the class preparation activities (e.g., readings, online modules, videos) and8 assignments did you complete? 3.89 4 97.19% Future Plans and ConclusionThis paper could shed some lights to engineering programs or institutions who are interested inoffering a similar

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 1: Online or Remote Teaching and Curricular Developments

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zekeriya Aliyazicioglu, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Dennis Dahlquist, California State University, Sacramento

, take measurements, and analyze the results effectively.The activities are good examples of pedagogical effectiveness for sophomore level engineeringstudents. In this paper, structure or each module contest and example of a module are presenter.Also students’ performances are analyzed and assessed whether the students have achieved thelearning goals or if there is an impact made, depending on the changes of the students'motivations and attitudes.Organization of the Module ContentThe plan is to improve learning by providing engaging interactive accessible resources forstudents, including narrative explanations, examples and embedded exercises with self-testsusing MATLAB tools. These learning materials are available online [5]. We have

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 4: Student-centered Learning and Teaching Methodologies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahrasadat Alavi, California State University, Chico

1 7 0 1 7 16% 3) Spring 2021; Instruction Mode: Synchronous Live Lectures and Q&ADuring this semester, the instruction was still virtual and no classes were held on campus. Theclass was held synchronously but completely live. The students met three times a week with theinstructor, each time for 50 minutes, and the lectures were taught live and were recorded as well.Originally, the instructor plan was to post the Zoom session lecture recordings a week after eachsession. Since there were several individual requests to see the recorded videos earlier, especiallyfrom the international students in different time zones, the videos were posted the same day ofthe class for more

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 3- Multi- and Inter-disciplinary, Collaboration, and Engagement in Practice

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Rossi, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College

ofEnglish fluency. The second was a member of the campus counseling center and a certified casemanager. The students worked as a team with one student leading the charge on iOSdevelopment and the other on Android development with the third serving as a go between andaiding both projects as needed. Each week the students met with the faculty mentor as well asthe outside experts to review progress and plan next steps.Prior to the start of the Fall 2021 semester, the app was deployed to both the Google Play Storeand the Apple App Store as free downloads for students. The app has been welcomed by faculty,staff, and students with other campuses in the school system being interested in adapting this appfor their own uses. Students have been interested in

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - PBL with Control Theory, Writing, ABET, and Shaping Ethical Worldviews

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Wilkerson, York College of Pennsylvania; Andrew Lee, University of Maryland Baltimore County

and report onthe findings in subsequent publications. Finally, the mechanical see-saw device appears to bescalable. It may be possible to make a miniature self-contained version of the see-saw similar tothe temp lab provided by [7-8]. The design details for this device and similar variations areprovided for others to use on Thingiverses7 web site [15-17]. We will allow some of the studentteams to undertake this challenge and report back in a subsequent publication. A new controlexperiment has been developed [18] and will be included in future classes.7 Thingiverse, has a free compendium of plans that can be 3D printed, laser cut or used to construct a number of usefulprojects: https://www.thingiverse.com/References 1. Blumenfeld, Phyllis C

Conference Session

Computers in Education 4 - Online and Distributed Learning I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhou Zhang, New York City College of Technology; Yizhe Chang; Sven Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Andy Zhang, New York City College of Technology

and learning due to the shortage of hardware and software that facilitate theimplementation of the hands-on projects for robotics classes. As a result, the enrollment in therobotics programs was impacted severely, especially part-time students who are willing to earn anonline degree have to give up the robotics engineering/engineering technology programs.Consequently, the diversity of the students in the plan is harmed.At present, there are some implementations to teach online robotics courses: (1) Coding intensiveway to emphasize the algorithms, as being implemented in reference [1, 2]. (2) Use simulation andoptimization to familiarize students with the concepts and theories. For example, reference [3]introduced how to give remote robotics

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shawna Thomas, Texas A&M University; Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University; Kristi Shryock, Texas A&M University; Randy Brooks, Texas A&M University; Donna Jaison, Texas A&M University; Lance White, Texas A&M University; Robert Lightfoot, Texas A&M University

, asynchronous) depending on student needs. Althoughinitially implemented to address knowledge and skills deficiencies expected as a result of pandemicchallenges, the benefit of offering students an opportunity to be better prepared for the semesteris proving impactful and of interest to the students. Going forward, it is helpful to continue tohold these sessions virtually to accommodate the varied student move-in challenges. This givesthe greatest access to all students, regardless of their travel plans or work constraints.Flipped Classrooms. The benefits of flipped classrooms have been long touted by the educationcommunity [10, 11], but many instructors are often intimated by overhauling their entire coursefor this instructional model as it requires a

Conference Session

WIED: Analysis, Challenges, Success, and Impacts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Conrad, University of Detroit Mercy; Alexa Rihana Abdallah, University of Detroit Mercy; Lauren Ross

.Therefore, the results presented in this paper do not address the specific challenges due to theCOVID pandemic. However, some of the outcomes of disruptive effects of COVID-19 in highereducation were seen in the student answers even before the pandemic, mainly in the area ofmental health and the need for strong support systems. When analyzing responses from WE, WS,and ME regarding current and needed support systems, it was noted that WS reported a greaterneed for mental health/stress management support (40.0% WE; 55.2% WS; 36.4% ME) thanmen and WE. This could be attributed to the fact that many undergraduate science majors in ourinstitution are planning to apply to professional schools with competitive admissionsrequirements post-graduation

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 1 - STEM Outreach

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Howell; Vinu Unnikrishnan, West Texas A&M University; Kenneth Leitch, West Texas A&M University; Erick Butler, West Texas A&M University

the villagers and the client. Theconstruction process would include excavating the surrounding soil at a safe angle. The lining ofthe pit (cinder block lining) will begin to be placed in layers up to a certain height, after which theworkers will backfill to the top of the wall. This process will be repeated, and the constructionprocess is indicated in Figure 2a with the 3D layout of the sanitation facility around the pit isshown in Figure 2b. The schematic of the slab on grade view and the slotting process of the inletpipe and placement of the corrugated sheet is indicated in Figure 3.Figure 2. (a) Construction plan for the sanitation pit in Kenya, (b) 3D view of the sanitation facility with the pit.Figure 3. (a) Slab-on-grade view, (b

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Warter-Perez, California State University, Los Angeles; Daniel Galvan, California State University, Los Angeles; Jose Mijares, California State University, Los Angeles; Corin Bowen, California State University, Los Angeles; Gustavo Menezes, California State University, Los Angeles; Lizabeth Thompson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

ART projects; a presentation on criticalparticipatory action research (Figure 4) [25];and ART project planning discussions (inpairs who observed each other's teachingprior to the session), which included Figure 4: Key aspects of Criticalconsultations with facilitators. Participatory Action Research [25]Community BuildingThe process of community building starts with the recruitment and selection of fellows. Fellowscomplete a short five-question intent form, including one question that asks if there are aspects ofthe STEM undergraduate learning experience that should change to meet our students “wherethey are” and make the experience of

Conference Session

Disability, Neurodivergence, and Sense of Belonging in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

D. C. Beardmore, University of Colorado Boulder; Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado Boulder; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Guideline 4: Provide options Guideline 5: Provide options Guideline 6: Provide options for Physical Action for Expression & for Executive Functions Communication 6.1 Guide appropriate goal- 4.1 Vary the methods for 5.1 Use multiple media for setting response & navigation communication 6.2 Support planning & 4.2 Optimize access to tools 5.2 Use multiple tools for strategy development & assistive technologies construction & 6.3 Facilitate managing

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 13: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian O'Connell, Northeastern University

with our first-year tutors, pre and post-damage assessments tothe various modules, and replacement rate to name a few. In addition, database quality andcompleteness will be a factor in the support scripts assessment, error handling, and edge caseanalysis.DiscussionCurrently, the primary achievement is the development of the initial hardware, database, andexample scripts. Delays due to COVID restrictions and hybrid learning forcing significantadaptations and restrictions to the curriculum have put off any ability to pilot and analyze thesemodules at scale. In conjunction with other planned longevity studies, we seek to follow a cohortof students from their first-year engineering experience through graduation. One of the topics ofinterest is

Conference Session

LEAD Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Nagel, James Madison University; Kyle Gipson, James Madison University; Matthew Caulfield, James Madison University

deeper meaning toward others and themselves. After graduation, he plans to practice and perform research within the Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering fields.Kyle G. Gipson (Associate Professor)Robert L. Nagel © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Work in Progress: Exploring Different Models of Mentorship Towards Developing Evidence-based Mentorship ProgramsAbstractExisting mentorship models are discussed and characterized, and a flow chart is provided to aidwith mapping existing mentorship models to mentorship program needs. The purpose is to guideand inform users on which mentorship model to set up based on the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bimal Nepal, Texas A&M University; Prabhakar Pagilla, Texas A&M University; Satish Bukkapatnam, Texas A&M University; Manan Shah, Texas A&M University

an external evaluator to assess the level ofefficiency of the program and fulfillment of its goals. Pre- and a post-REU surveys were conductedto assess gain in research skills of participants with respect to12 metrics that included: formulateresearch plan, conduct background research, perform data validation, define scientific arguments,apply theory, prepare and present research poster, formulate hypothesis, develop researchquestions, analyze experimental results, understand publication process, understandcybermanufacturing projects, and understand project outside research area. A Likert scale of 1-5was used, with 1 being the “not competent” and 5 being the “extremely competent”. Moturu et al[4] and Nepal et al. [5] reported the academic

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ariana Riccio; Wendy Martin

knowledge by building on what they already know through participationin active, open-ended challenges, and hands-on projects rather than didactic lectures orstructured, closed-ended lessons. In addition to being open-ended and hands-on, making involvesparticipants in the engineering design process (EDP) in which they learn to identify a problem,brainstorm ideas, plan, make, test, improve, and finalize maker projects. These EDP skills arevalued in formal and informal education as well as workforce settings [1], [2]. For nonautistic youth, programs that harness established interests centered around socialconnections and peer culture may inspire them to delve into more academically-orientedexperiences, explore their identity and see how

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan Kendall, University of Texas at El Paso; Henry Salgado, University of Texas at El Paso; Alexandra Strong, Florida International University; Gemma Henderson, University of Miami; Yamile Urquidi, University of Texas at El Paso; Valerie Bracho Perez, Florida International University; Ines Basalo, University of Miami

Paper ID #38367The AMPLIFY Project: Experiences of EngineeringInstructional Faculty at HSIsYamile Urquidi Cerros Yamile is a graduate research assistant at The University of Texas at El Paso, pursuing a master's degree in Engineering with concentrations in Environmental Engineering and Engineering Education. Yamile's active research interests center around the intersection of engineering, education, and sustainability. Yamile plans to pursue a multidisciplinary PhD in Environmental Engineering.Henry Salgado University of Texas at El PasoValerie Vanessa Bracho Perez (Graduate Research Assistant) Valerie

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esther Tian; Daniel Showalter; Tara Kishbaugh; Scott Barge

students are currently in the program. The Science andEngineering Practicum course helped scholars discern their career choices. The embeddedtutoring intervention has benefitted both the scholars and other students in the university. Theproject-based out-of-the-classroom learning approach has proven to be beneficial for the studentsin both their intellectual as well as personal growth. As the first cohort approaching graduation, we plan to provide further career counselingand support for Cohort 1, as well as conduct exit interviews and surveys.AcknowledgementsNSF S-STEM 1741937References[1] G. A. Smith, “Place-based education: Learning to be where we are,” Phi delta kappan, 83(8), 584-594, 2002[2] A. DeFelice, J. D. Adams, B. Branco

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ignatius Fomunung, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Christopher Silver, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Marcy Porter, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

Atomic and Molecular Physics from Clark Atlanta University, and a MS in Transportation Engineering from GaTech. Dr Fomunung teaches courses and conducts research in the fields of transportation-energy-air quality analysis and modeling, transportation planning and land use development, and in infrastructure systems analysis and design, monitoring, and rehabilitation. He is the director of UTC’s Center for Energy, Transportation and the Environment (CETE). Recently, Dr Fomunung has diversified his focus area to include research in STEM education, exploring strategies that promote student matriculation, persistence, and success in STEM fields.Marcy Porter (Program Accreditation & Assessment Manager)Christopher Frank

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Zilles, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Ryan Ware; Megan Mericle; Paul Prior; John Gallagher, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; John Popovics, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Lance Cooper; Celia Elliott, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

, illustrate how discursive turbulence canbe generative. In our first semester of meeting weekly, as we were planning a survey ofengineering faculty, we spent many meetings discussing terms and concepts such as genre andprocess, trying to develop and articulate a common understanding. Reflecting on those meetings,several of us remembered not only how difficult it was to develop that shared understanding, butalso our surprise at how much sustained effort it took. During this period of learning howdifferent disciplinary groups described and practiced writing, we experienced discursiveturbulence. It was only with the shared understanding that resulted that we were able to envisiona truly transdisciplinary approach to improving writing skills in our

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noemi Mendoza Diaz, Texas A&M University; Russell Meier, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Deborah Trytten, University of Oklahoma; Mark Weichold, Texas A&M University; Janie Moore, Texas A&M University

computationalthinking. Study participants answered these questions at each stress point: 1) How many minutes did you take to complete this exercise? Answered using a free-form text box 2) How difficult was the set of questions you just submitted? Answered using a sliding-scale from 0 to 100 with scale text “Very Easy” at 0 and scale text “Very Difficult” at 100. 3) How confident do you feel about your choice of major in engineering or computing after completing this exercise? Answered using a sliding-scale from 0 to 100 with scale text “Having Serious Doubts” at 0 and “Very Confident” at 100.The research plan identified the pre-test ECTD, the midterm exam, and the post-test ECTD asstress points where student confidence may

Conference Session

ERM: Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and MORE!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Edwards, College of Lake County; ANA PIZANO, College of Lake County

, Lead Research Analyst, IEPR Prior to becoming Lead Research Analyst of Institutional Reporting at College of Lake County Office of Institutional Effectiveness, Planning and Research (IEPR), I have worked in various roles within IEPR where I have gained many transferable skills. I have been working in higher education for 10+ years. I have served on many committees aimed at improving student success. During 2020, I was awarded the College of Lake County Excellence Values award. I am currently serving on the following Latinx Outreach and Success Committee, Anti- Racist Taskforce, Transitions Taskforce, Quarterly Values Selection Committee, and UndocuAllies Committee. I hold a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and

Conference Session

ERM: Engineering Identity: (Identity Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Budinoff, The University of Arizona; Vignesh Subbian, The University of Arizona; Francesca Lopez

the confirmatory factor analysis in the 2016 study, which shows goodinternal consistency (α ≥ .89), and the design self-efficacy scale items with scores ranging from 1to 6. We also used Godwin’s 11-item engineering identity measure [23], which has demonstratedgood internal consistency (α ≥ .77). Scores ranged from 0 to 7 (note: a mistake in our surveyresulted in an 8-point scale instead of the 7-point scale from 0 to 6 used in the original survey).Analysis plan: The study team documented strategies and challenges for ABP implementationthrough self-reflection during the semester and de-briefing at the end of the semester.Differences in mean pre- and post-test scores for each measure in the intervention group wasevaluated using paired t-test

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jocelyn Jackson, University of Michigan; Jesse Gilbert-Sovern, University of Michigan; Aileen Huang-Saad, Northeastern University; Joi-lynn Mondisa, University of Michigan

workloads. The study also highlights the importance ofunderstanding target markets when creating recruitment plans and materials for minoritizedengineering populations. Whether this takes form as an expansion of recruiting efforts at diverseinstitutions and organizations, more awareness is needed around ensuring content and delivery isculturally relevant and inclusive of racially diverse populations. Future work includes aninvestigation on how unequal domains of power impact the experiences of racially minoritizedpopulations in STEM entrepreneurship. As society pushes to cultivate a diverse and innovativefuture through entrepreneurship education, findings from this work offer insight into howprograms can better support racially minoritized

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeritt Williams, Illinois State University; Jaby Mohammed, Illinois State University

basics and AOI logic gates. Studentsagain responded well to interface and user experience. The instructor plans to introduce Verilogand VHDL coding later in the course after increasing confidence in CAD-based design andcircuit fundamentals. This will ideally allow students to see a greater relationship between theschematic and text-based approach. Finally, the instructor is considering increasing rigor ofcourse material and projects, as more topics can be covered in less time. Logisim-Evolutionsoftware provides novice users with an intuitive interface and requires less troubleshooting thanthe Vivado Design Suite. Additionally, the ability to utilize the software on almost any system,coupled with the ability to use a variety of FPGA devices may

Conference Session

Issues Facing STEM Programs at Rural Two-Year Colleges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lesley Strawderman, Mississippi State University; Mahnas Mohammadi-Aragh, Mississippi State University; Umar Iqbal; Alta Knizley, Mississippi State University; Jenna Johnson, Mississippi State University; Rani Sullivan, Mississippi State University; Shane Brauer, Mississippi State University

felt “Resources on how to handle the new way like I was missing one thing or another.” of balancing and study school.”Planned InterventionsAt Mississippi State University, we have developed a new program targeted at improvingtransfer student success within engineering programs. The Bulldog Engineering TransferStudent (BETS) program provides financial support to transfer students, as well as two college-wide programs to improve engineering transfer student success: BETS Transitions and All BETSOn Me (see Figure 1). Figure 1. Bulldog Engineering Transfer Student (BETS) ProjectAs the availability of online resources continues to expand, informational resources available tocommunity college students for

Conference Session

Statics Fanatics 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hadas Ritz, Cornell University; Sanjit Basker; JINGJIE YEO, Cornell University

aspect of FBDs that ourstudents have struggled with: correctly dealing with internal loads revealed by “exploding” aframe or mechanism by separating sub-parts at joints. Correctly dealing with reactions at joints orconnections is an important higher-level use of FBDs 11 . Understanding how FBDs of theexploded system help identify efficient solution plans for equilibrium analysis can improvestudent success 12 . The aspects of exploded FBDs that we most sought to emphasize are: (i)showing equal and opposite reactions on the separated bodies, and (ii) distinguishing two forcemembers (with a known line of action of the reaction force based solely on geometry) frommulti-force members (where any reaction force acts in an arbitrary direction that must

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Cunningham, Pennsylvania State University; Gregory Kelly, Pennsylvania State University

principles to the design of two engineering units for upper elementary out- of-school settings.Theoretical FrameworksYES rests in a sociocultural learning theory. That is, we consider youth in their cultural, social,linguistic, and institutional contexts. As youth interact with peers, learning communities, andmore-knowledgeable others to engage in authentic engineering work and discourse, they developdisciplinary knowledge and practices [12–14]. Engaging in engineering design activitiesincluding brainstorming, planning, constructing, testing, analyzing, and iterating affords youthopportunities to develop facility with the types of activity and discourse (speaking, gesturing,writing, representing) that constitute engineering [15, 16]. Youth

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Uddin, East Tennessee State University; BEVERLY SMITH, East Tennessee State University

teachingexperiencesare a key factor in recruiting STEM students into the teaching profession (Otero,Pollock, McCray, & Finkelstein, 2006; Task Force on Teacher Education in Physics, 2012).Students whohave had prior experience working with school-aged students are more motivatedto become teachers (Coon, 2020; Westerlund, Radcliffe, Smith, Lemke, & West, 2011; Eick,2002; Tomanek & Cummings, 2000). Our partner organizations include local and regionalscience museums and science institutes and outreach programs at ETSU. Our plan is to hire eight Summer Teaching Interns each summer, for an average of5 weeks each and place them to one of the partner organizations. Before starting theirTeachingInternships, our participating students meet together as a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oleksandr Kravchenko, Old Dominion University; Konstantin Cigularov, Old Dominion University; Phillip Dillulio

, students worked closely with the faculty advisor on how to follow thecollege-approved plan of conducting work in the lab. This included wearing face masks at alltimes and regular use of hand sanitizers and gloves when working with commonly sharedequipment. Since labs were operated at a significantly reduced capacity, allowing only between4-8 students in the lab depending on the square footage, the Senior Design groups were split intosub-groups of up to four students and worked in the lab on different days of the week. In someinstances, design and fabrication work could be conducted remotely by using students’ ownworkspaces. Proper arrangements were made for completing school assignments off campus byaccessing the university computers remotely via