Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Approaches to Ethics Education (Part 2)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeff Brown, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Leroy Long, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Taylor Mitchell, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Chad Rohrbacher, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach

, lower- and upper-level humanities literature courses, and honors seminars on the intersections of science and society. Her scholarship of teaching and learning, in the areas of writing, reading, and critical thinking, has been published in InSight: A Journal of Scholarly Teaching and College English Association Forum.Chad Rohrbacher Chad Rohrbacher is an Associate Director for the Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach FL. He is currently embedded in the College of Engineering. His research interest include assessment of student learning and faculty peer observation to improve teaching and learning. © American Society for

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan Wawire, University of Houston; Jerrod Henderson, University of Houston; Brian McGowan, American University; Kristin Schaefer, University of Houston; Le Shorn Benjamin

identities are closely tied toengineering as a choice [3]. Performance/Competence is related to students’ self-efficacy beliefswhich have been shown to be important for identity development and engineering as a major ofchoice [24], [25]. Last, recognition refers to how others (e.g., parents, teachers, peers,instructors) view students and how this is important to engineering identity [3], [8], [26]. Theseconstructs lay the groundwork for how we position this work in progress.3. MethodologyWe approached this exploratory study from a constructivist epistemological perspective [27]using narrative inquiry [28]. Narrative inquiry is a research methodology to understand theindividual experiences of participants via conversations that are situated and

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nidaa Makki; Teresa Cutright, The University of Akron; Linda Coats, Mississippi State University; Rebecca Willits, Northeastern University; Tonya Stone, Mississippi State University; Lakiesha Williams; Debora Rodrigues, University of Houston

broaden the participation of underrepresented minorities that in engineering.Linda T Coats Dr. Linda T. Coats is a professor in the Department of Educational Leadership at Mississippi State University. Since joining the University faculty, Professor Coats has taught courses in curriculum development, teacher preparation, social justice, research, leadership, and writing. She has managed three NSF-funded projects as Project Investigator with a STEM education focus and has served as co-PI for two NSF-funded projects with an engineering focus. Professor Coats’ perspectives about teaching, learning, leadership, and life have been molded by a confluence of historical, social, and political forces. Professor Coats’ research

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaylla Cantilina, University of Michigan; Robert Loweth, University of Michigan

, we collected personal memory data, archival data,conversational data, and reflection data. We analyzed these data using intersectionality as ananalytic framework to identify specific ways that structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, andinterpersonal domains of power operated within the authors’ experiences and impacted theirpathways to graduate school. The two authors possessed similar and comparable engineeringexperiences in addition to extensive interests outside of engineering. However, while RL wasoften viewed as credible and competent as an engineer by peers and faculty, KC consistentlystruggled to receive similar recognition as an engineer. The authors' different experiences reflectintersectional inequities that impacted the authors

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Warter-Perez, California State University, Los Angeles; Daniel Galvan, California State University, Los Angeles; Jose Mijares, California State University, Los Angeles; Corin Bowen, California State University, Los Angeles; Gustavo Menezes, California State University, Los Angeles; Lizabeth Thompson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

teaching and learning (1) creating a safe space,2) multiple entry points, 3) cognitive conflict, 4) passive vs. engaged learning, and 5) intrinsicmotivation); a critically reflective dialogue on which ideas from the “The Heart of a Teacher”[16] (assigned in the Inclusive Teaching Program [11]) they agreed or disagreed with and howtheir identity and their awareness of their identity influence their teaching.Cultural Wealth: This session focuses on Yosso’s framework of community cultural wealth [7]and includes: a short reflective writing exercise on how fellows connect with students and helpstudents connect with the material; a small group discussion on Yosso’s description of deficitthinking and Freire’s banking model of education [17]; a journal

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ricky Castles, East Carolina University; Chris Venters, East Carolina University; Charles Goodman, Pitt Community College

living-learning community, expansion of university tutoringinitiatives to allow access for community college students, and promoting a new peer mentoringinitiative. The program emphasizes career opportunities including promoting on-campus careerfairs, promoting internship and co-op opportunities, and bringing in guest speakers from variousindustry partners. A goal of the program was to allow community college students to buildrelationships with university students and faculty so they can more easily assimilate into thestudent body at the university upon transfer. This paper presents the challenges presented to theproject in the first year and the pivoting that occurred due the pandemic. Data is presentedregarding recruitment of scholars in both

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Sayed, Milwaukee School of Engineering

2017 he worked at different health care facilities as a Medical Technology Consultant and as a Biomedical engineering lecturer at various Universities. Ahmed Sayed received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in systems and biomedical engineering from Cairo University, Egypt in 2003 and 2008, respectively. He is the author/co- author of 40 publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences. He is listed as a co-inventor on 9 granted US patents in the field of Bioinstrumentation. He serves as an expert reviewer for several top-tier journals including IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering and IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency. He is a member of ASEE, ARVO, and a senior IEEE member

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deniz Nikkhah, University of California, Irvine; David Copp, University of California, Irvine; Kameryn Denaro; Natascha Buswell, University of California, Irvine; Gregory Diggs-Yang, University of California, Irvine; Hye Rin Lee; Lorenzo Valdevit; Anna-Lena Dicke, University of California, Irvine

S-STEM students with varying socioeconomic status orracial backgrounds is critical so they are not at a disadvantage compared to other students.Studies have shown that a lack of cultural literacy can lead to a less meaningful mentor-menteerelationship [7]. Most S-STEM faculty mentors believe finding faculty members that can relateto diverse students (regarding economic status, race, etc.) is very important and allows studentsto feel comfortable, more relatable to their mentors, and open to getting help from their mentors.We learned S-STEM mentors perceive that transfer students lack peer-cohort experience thatnon-transfer students can build starting in their freshman year. Therefore, they believe ameaningful mentor-mentee interaction in the

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 3: Mixed - Research, Engineering Design, Design Thinking, and Curriculum Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lauren Fogg; Allissa Gros, Louisiana Tech University; Katie Evans, Houston Baptist University; Marisa Orr, Clemson University; Catherine Belk, Clemson University; Ethan Hilton, Louisiana Tech University; Mitzi Desselles, Louisiana Tech University

for Summers 2020 and 2021. Students participated in Zoom lectures from industryrepresentatives instead of visiting the sites in person. The program consists of roughly twentystudents each summer, allowing more one-on-one attention not usually given during the regularacademic year. Typical class sizes for Calculus III and Statics and Mechanics of Materialsconsists of 45-50 students. The program was completely online during Summer 2020 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.The Professional Planning with Spatial Visualization course involves resume writing, mockinterviews, team building, professional communication, and a spatial visualization curriculumcalled Developing Spatial Thinking [2] [3] [4]. Developing Spatial Thinking is supported byENGAGE; a

Conference Session

Inclusivity at Two Year Colleges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Luthi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide

and role and self- through a support network engagement in amodels efficacy build and role models community of STEM leadersEarly achievements Connection to Understanding of personal Development of leadershipand skills the STEM attributes that influence competencies anddevelopment in community career trajectory awareness of institutionalSTEM leadership environmentsCommunity of peer Work-life Exposure to career Engagement ingraduate support integration opportunities

Collection

2022 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Sara E. Wilson

communities of peers that can help each other.For first-generation students, forming communities and understanding expectations can beparticularly challenging. An estimated 15-40% of college students are first generation, definedhere as a student whose parents have not received a 4-year college degree [1]-[3]. These studentshave been shown, both nationally and in our own courses, to have an achievement gap relative totheir continuing-generation peers in terms of degree completion and continuation in engineering[4]-[5]. These students may also be disproportionately from underrepresented racial and ethnicgroups [6]. Previous research has identified several factors that impact the performance in first-generation students including a lack of cultural

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Stwalley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Grace Baldwin; Virginia Booth-Womack, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Sarah Larose; Carol Stwalley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

(Holloway et al., 2014). The general research question addressedby this program was: could the quality of an individual’s adult mentor support network be used asan alternative indicator of potential collegiate and career success? The overall program soughtqualified students that had expressed a desire for engineering in their initial application to theuniversity, but had been offered admission into an undeclared major / exploratory studies program.Our process selected individuals that were determined to be “thickly-webbed” than their peers andhad numerous quality mentors in their lives that were encouraging them to excel in their academicpursuits (Baldwin et al., 2022). Students accepted into the program were given a modest scholarship amount that

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Howard S. Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology; John D. Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ronald H Rockland, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Mark R O’Shea, California State University Monterey Bay

Tagged Topics

Diversity

to ensure that their contentknowledge and instructional practices keeps up with the changing base of knowledge andpractices needed for effective classroom instruction. Our experience with providing web-basedprofessional development programs for teachers can serve as a model for distance learningprograms for teachers, where they can enhance their content knowledge and instructionalpractices, and also network with others.Two professional development programs are described that are responsive to teacher isolationfrom peers during a pandemic. Lessons learned from these programs can serve as a frameworkfor the implementation of teacher professional programs during a pandemic or even after apandemic.IntroductionBy its very definition, a

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 12: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Alexander, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Michael Preuss; Breanna Bailey, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; David Hicks; Rajashekar Mogiligidda, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Nitilaksha Hiremath, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Jingbo Liu, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Lihua Zuo, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Mahesh Hosur

disinfection science. Dr. Liu has authored and co-authored textbooks (4), books (6+2) and book chapters (>15) and over 80 peer-reviewed journal articles. She chaired and organized international conferences and presented more than 100 talks in professional conferences. She has been hosting and co-hosting 10 visiting scholars to conduct leading-edge research on biomedicine, hydrogen fuel cells, photocatalysis and nanotechnology. During 15.5-year services in TAMUK, she taught about 10,700 students; trained more than 150 undergraduate students, 40 master students. She served as NSF panelist and Chaired the proposal review panel. She also served as Journal Editor and reviewed hundreds of peer-reviewed journal papers. Currently, Dr

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 3: Online Learning and the Impact of COVID-19

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tahsin Chowdhury, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Juan David Ortega-Alvarez, Virginia Tech (primary) and Universidad EAFIT (secondary); Catherine Twyman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Matthew James, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Benjamin Chambers, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

clearly identified and taken inConsidering consideration to support engineering decisions in real worldStakeholders situations. Relevant information is presented concisely through reports,Communication assignments, presentations etc. in an organized manner Project iterations create opportunity to provide constructiveIterating with Peer feedback that team members can use to improve their teamFeedback contributions, attitudes, and behaviors Ability to create and apply project management documents andManaging Projects tools and learn to implement

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prashanth Asuri, Santa Clara University; Shraddha Chaplot; Navid Shaghaghi; Julia Scott

and original contributions from students.2. Biofeedback in VR immersive environments: For the academic year, an experiential learningopportunity that explores mental health and technology was implemented. A team of studentswith electronics, programming, and design interests is creating a biofeedback VR application.The students are building an Arduino pulse sensor, designing an interactive VR experience(which applies principles of psychology, art, mathematics, and programming), and thenintegrating those elements. The students, all new to game design, are earning certificates inUnity3D development and participated in a personalized workshop by a professional VRdesigner. The VR experience will be a live installation for peers to try, and a

Conference Session

Assessment in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Araoluwa Adaramola, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Allison Godwin, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

chemical engineering students setlearning goals toward new discipline-specific content, including forming peer groups ornetworks, interacting with chemical engineering professors, and developing appropriate learningapproaches. COGNITION MOTIVATION/AFFECT BEHAVIOR CONTEXTFORETHOUGHT, Set task-specific goals Goal orientation* Plan time and effort Perceptions of taskPLANNING, ANDACTIVATION Prior knowledge Efficacy judgments** Plan self- Perceptions of observations context Metacognitive Ease of learning (EOL

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Chapman, University of San Diego

Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com US-Sweden Bioinformatics IRES Year 1: Program Development and Initial Lessons LearnedAbstractThis National Science Foundation (NSF) project focuses on creating an immersive internationalsummer research experience for students enrolled in a primarily undergraduate institution (PUI).Over the course of a three-year grant period, this research seeks to: (1) train and mentor 18diverse undergraduate students from PUIs in Southern California in bioinformatics research in acollaborative and international setting; (2) disseminate the research outcomes at conferences andin peer-reviewed journals; (3) encourage and prepare undergraduate students

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy Ernst, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; Brenda Brand, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Xiao Zhu, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

assistants, mentor faculty, and researchadvisors. There are online research seminars, faculty mentor/mentee meetings, regional directorcheck-ins, alliance team meetings, a summer institute, networking events, writing groups, andcontinued individual follow-up meetings. These activities feature research training and guidanceby leading experts, career preparation activities for faculty positions at HCBUs, cultivation offaculty mentoring relationships and peer networks, and ongoing advising for careeradvancement.Currently, a second cohort has been established while the initial 9 HBCU instructors areprogressing to an early career faculty track that focuses on establishing a research trajectory andprofessional development strategy to navigate the first

Conference Session

Utilizing Technology to Train Chemical Engineering Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Liberatore, The University of Toledo; Uchenna Asogwa, The University of Toledo

- branes. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Videos for Project Dissemination: Adopting Student-Written YouTube Problems in any CourseAbstractPrevious work established that YouTube videos can help with engineering student engagement.A major feature of our YouTube pedagogy centers on students’ writing homework problemsinspired by actions in videos. After using student-written problems as replacement for traditionaltextbook problems, three major facets were considered: problem solving, learning attitudes, andperception of problem difficulty. Research outcomes spanning from students creating problemsto solving

Conference Session

ERM: Mentoring for Everyone! And Let's talk about Graduate Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Jensen; Julie Martin, The Ohio State University; Deepthi Suresh

Paper ID #37196Perceptions of shared experiences in mentoring relationships:a collaborative autoethnographyJulie Martin Julie P. Martin is a Fellow of ASEE and an associate professor of Engineering Education at The Ohio State University. Julie’s professional mission is to create environments that elevate and expand the research community. She is the editor- in-chief of Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, where her vision is to create a culture of constructive peer review in academic publishing. Julie is a former NSF program director for engineering education and frequently works with

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 5: Design and Robotics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Hammond, University of Indianapolis; Joan Martinez, University of Indianapolis; Elizabeth Ziff

survey, after being introduced to principles of design methodologies andhuman factors, and then were required to provide the questionnaire to two other non-engineeringstudents or professionals. The first-year engineering students collected the completed surveys oftheir non-engineering peers and responded to three open-ended questions related to commonalitiesand differences in understanding the ambiguous interfaces.In three cohorts’ reflections (99), nearly half attributed the variation of responses to differences inexperiences and shared understandings. Other explanations for the observed variation in responseswere disciplinary differences (23), difference of interpretation of instruction (30), and commonsense (20). The series of ambiguous

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Student Growth

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Jensen, United States Air Force Academy; Luke Jensen; William Allison; Adam Goodworth; Douglas Fontes

of Colorado in Denver and a Fellow at the International Design Center which is the largest design research center in the world. This center is located at both the Singapore University of Technology and Design and at MIT. He also runs an engineering consulting company (Creo Consulting) which specializes in training in innovation enhancements for engineering design. Dr Jensen regularly teaches courses in “Innovation in Product/Systems Design”. He has trained hundreds of design teams in “Innovation in Design of Products, Processes and Services” and has overseen the creation of dozens of patents. He has written over 135 peer-reviewed publications and has secured foundation, research and consulting grants for approximately

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline McDermott, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Janet Beagle

the Boston Chapter of the Association forWomen in Science (AWIS) [17], the Mentoring Circle Program (MCP) at Brigham andWomen’s Hospital in Boston [18], among others. Mentoring circles provide many advantagesover traditional academic mentoring between an undergraduate student and their faculty/staffadvisor or research mentor (one-on-one mentoring structures). For example, mentoring circlesallow students to hear viewpoints from multiple mentors, while also allowing for peer to peermentoring between undergraduates in the mentoring circle. In this way, students build a multi-modal mentoring network.The tone of mentoring circle discussion is set by the initial presentation and monthly theme.Administrators provide suggested questions for mentees

Conference Session

ERM: Lessons Learned from COVID (COVID Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Gail Headley, University of Delaware; Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware; Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware

to online (OL) instruction changed the natureof engineering education in profound ways. First-year engineering students enrolled in OLcourses completed team-based design projects under conditions that differed from their F2Fcounterparts in two important ways. First, OL team members worked remotely, distanced frominstructors and peers, because they were unable to collaborate in the same physical space.Second, OL team members did not have access to on-campus materials and tools.The purpose of this work-in-progress paper is to explore whether and, if so, how studentsenrolled in OL and F2F introductory engineering courses differed in the ways they engaged witha team-based design project. More specifically, the aim is to understand differences in

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 4: Student-centered Learning and Teaching Methodologies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahrasadat Alavi, California State University, Chico

during the semester topromote their basic metacognitive skill development [4], and adding Supplemental Instruction(SI) to utilize peer-assisted review sessions [5].In addition to the above parameters that could decrease the DFW rate, there are recentparameters that could contribute to a lower DFW rate. During the pandemic, the instructors useddifferent online modes of instructions and at times developed new online modes to fulfill thestudents’ needs by engaging them in the discussions, motivating them to diligently study, and tomaintain higher rates of retention and stronger sense of belonging. Therefore, additionalparameters that could affect the DFW rate were added to the instructor’s choice of instruction.This paper intends to explain each of

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 3- Multi- and Inter-disciplinary, Collaboration, and Engagement in Practice

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Rossi, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College

of a crisisis not good. The information needs to be quickly accessible.“Unmasked” is an app designed to help students find support amongst their peers in ananonymous way. While anonymous, the app does monitor what is being said and if a user sayssomething that indicates they are a danger to themselves or others Unmasked will report it tocampus authorities [8]. This app while beneficial is not what we envision our app being. We seeour app as being a source of information for students on campus to connect to professional help.3.0. Materials and Methods3.1. Development TeamThe app was developed by three students working as a team. Two students studying ComputerScience and one student studying Software Engineering were selected by a member of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Tan, Texas Tech University; Luke LeFebvre, University of Kentucky; Tim Dallas, Texas Tech University; Changxue Xu, Texas Tech University; Jnev Biros

. Integrate knowledge/technologies for product development 9. Learn outside the classroom with teammates. 10. Manage time-sensitive work through effective prioritizing, scheduling, and tracking. 11. Manage conflicts in a team. 12 Adapt to changing ideas, mindset, methodologies in a multidisciplinary environment. 13. Clearly formulate and express ideas orally to create shared meaning with others. 14. Engage and respond through dialogue with peers about diverse perspectives and ideas. 15. Conduct oral presentation that illustrates clear, structural, and engaging demonstration of the project. 16. Execute writing that demonstrates competence in form, organization, clarity, grammar, and mechanics. 17

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Cunningham, Pennsylvania State University; Gregory Kelly, Pennsylvania State University

principles to the design of two engineering units for upper elementary out- of-school settings.Theoretical FrameworksYES rests in a sociocultural learning theory. That is, we consider youth in their cultural, social,linguistic, and institutional contexts. As youth interact with peers, learning communities, andmore-knowledgeable others to engage in authentic engineering work and discourse, they developdisciplinary knowledge and practices [12–14]. Engaging in engineering design activitiesincluding brainstorming, planning, constructing, testing, analyzing, and iterating affords youthopportunities to develop facility with the types of activity and discourse (speaking, gesturing,writing, representing) that constitute engineering [15, 16]. Youth

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norma Garza, The University of Texas at Arlington; Sarah Rodriguez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

borderlands of identity from Mexican American women in Engineering and Computer Science (Work in Progress)Out of close to 2 million students enrolled in 2018, only around 2.8% of Latina students earned abachelor’s degree in science and engineering [1]. In engineering, Latino men earned 3.5 timesthe number of bachelor’s degrees in engineering as Latina women did [2] while Latina womenmake up only 2% of all computing bachelor’s degrees [3]. Previous literature on Latina studentsin engineering and computing within higher education has shown the importance of identityformation and community cultural wealth [4] [5], having a strong network of support from peers,advisors, and faculty, particularly those from the same race/ethnicity [6] - [8], and