Conference Session

Fundamental: K-12 Students and Engineering Design Practices (Part 2)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber L. M. Kendall, Tufts University Center for Engineering Education and Outreach

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

do young elementary students considervariables, specifications, and constraints when evaluating and redesigning solutions toengineering design problems?MethodologyThe study's subjects were six Kindergarten and nine 3rd-grade students at a public, magnetelementary school in a large, urban school district. The school's demographics wererepresentative of the state and district averages, and the school had recently been named a STEMschool by the district, which meant that it was expected to integrate STEM across all subjects,and provide students with increased opportunities for engaging in STEM activities such asscience fairs and university/industry partnerships. Even before this designation, the schoolemployed an engineering coach who saw

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 2: Enhancing Learning through Hands-On Design

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew S Ballard, Utah Valley University; Taten McConahay, Utah Valley University; Brett Swain, Utah Valley University; Sarah Dayley, Utah Valley University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

impossible to truly learn without the learner being active in someway [2]. Active learning helps students to ascend above the initial cognition levels of rememberand understand from the revised Bloom’s taxonomy [3], requiring learners at the least to applyand analyze. Project-based learning is an important active learning technique, which allowsstudents to build upon what they already know from previous courses [1] and further deepentheir knowledge as they evaluate and create. In addition to deepening their knowledge of specifictechnical competencies from the engineering curriculum, project-based learning allows studentsto acquire skills that will be vital to them throughout their careers, including problem solving,communication, teamwork as well as

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

N. Yu; Peter K. Liaw

by the National Science Foundation tointegrate the long-standing research advances, achieved by the University of Tennessee (UT),Knoxville, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), on ceramic-matrix composites(CMCs) into the interdisciplinary undergraduate and graduate level curricula of Materials andMechanics at UT.PROJECT COMPONENTSResearch Significant high-quality and innovative research progress covering a broad class oftechnologically important areas of CMCs, including fabrication, characterization, modeling anddesign, has been accomplished at ORNL as well as at UT since early 80's[1-39]. The researchadvances of CMCs are ready for being integrated into curriculum development. The continuedresearch efforts are currently being

Conference Session

Survey and Assessment Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David L. Little II, Oregon State University; Kathleen Quardokus Fisher, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Jana Bouwma-Gearhart, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

courses in the core curriculum to the more complex, authentic problems and projects they face as professionals. Dr. Koretsky is one of the founding members of the Center for Lifelong STEM Education Research at OSU.Dr. Jana Bouwma-Gearhart, Oregon State University Jana L. Bouwma-Gearhart is an associate professor of STEM education at Oregon State University. Her research widely concerns improving education at research universities. Her earlier research explored en- hancements to faculty motivation to improve undergraduate education. Her more recent research concerns organizational change towards postsecondary STEM education improvement at research universities, in- cluding the interactions of levers (people

Conference Session

Program Support Initiatives

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel; Alyson Grace Eggleston, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

classroom and office scenarios, The Citadeldecided in late June to purchase a Swivl for each classroom and selected labs, as well as an iPadfor each faculty member. The Citadel also transitioned to a new LMS and integrated Zoom intothe LMS for easy of scheduling and cloud recording.Transitioning to Hyflex and Online LearningThe rapid pivot to online learning created some growing pains for both faculty and students, butmore importantly, neither group was prepared for remote learning. As early as June 2020, it wasclear that training was needed prior to the Fall 2020 semester for both faculty and studentsregarding what constitutes quality online learning, in the event that no face-to-face instructionwere possible. The Citadel’s CEITL&DE initially

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Svetlana V. Levonisova, University of Southern California; Rachel E. Savage, University of Tulsa; Scott Charles Streiner, University of Pittsburgh; Erin J. McCave, Clemson University; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Cheryl Matherly; Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

International

Page 26.874.5as “an at-home effort to initiate students on the path to global competency in ways that fit theirstandard curricula.”23 According to the authors, integrated class experience often involves suchactivities as introductory education in the language, customs, history, and government in thecountry under study and sometimes provides a substitute for international travel throughelectronic interactions.In addition to program types outlined above, scholars outline various program components.Grandin and Maher define seven parameters by which programmatic components may vary.20These parameters are as follows: Short-term vs. long-term; English-language vs. Non-Englishlanguage; degree of cultural exposure/immersion; degree of curricular

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Odon M Musimbi, Metropolitan State University of Denver; Jean Paul Mulanza, University of Kinshasa

- shasa BP 255 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo. Dr.Ing, Aachen University, Germany (1990) Dipl. Ing (MS Eng), Aachen University, Germany (1986) c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018Using Excel as a Tool to Teach Manufacturing and Heat TransferIntroduction The use of Excel in engineering education is a practical and important topic as Excel isused widely in real-world engineering practice. Microsoft Excel is an affordable, accessible andsimple computational tool for engineering students worldwide. In recent years, Excel has increasingly been used as a computational tool in science andengineering education [1-5] and in other fields [6-11]. The advantages of this tool are

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Technical Session - Effective Teaching 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Tymvios, Bucknell University; Claudia Mara Dias Wilson, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Corrie Walton-Macaulay, Saint Martin's University; Moses Tefe, Norwich University; Scott R Hamilton P.E., York College of Pennsylvania; Xiaomei Wang, Brigham Young University; Gloria Faraone; Thais Alves, San Diego State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

seek to create an infrastructure that would eliminate disabling barriers,and work with stakeholders historically impacted but often ignored. Integrating a social justicemindset in engineering would normalize universal design while reducing the social acceptabilityfor “unforeseen” consequences.” This group subsequently convened bi-weekly with the aim ofcollaboratively developing a series of comprehensive lessons that could be shared with the largerCIT-E community of practice and would follow the established CIT-E lesson template.Motivated by the literature mentioned previously, the group decided to focus on the use of casestudies of past and current infrastructure projects that resulted in social inequities as a vehicle.Case studies have been

Conference Session

Topics Related to Telecommunications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Hsiung, Old Dominion University; Walter F. Deal III, Old Dominion University; Lacides Agustin Osorio, Norfolk Ship Support Activity; Mathew Henderson, Tidewater Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Implementation of the MRF24J40MA Module This paper provides an overview of a capstone demonstration project that is a requiredsenior design project and is an integral part of EET curriculum at Old Dominion University.Students may choose to participate in the microprocessor capstone project with faculty mentorsas part of a university research activity or they may elect to prepare and submit a proposal for analternative project funded by the student under faculty direction. This demonstration project isone of the components of an on-going undergraduate research project in the ElectricalEngineering Technology department. Student team members in this demonstration project were given all of the necessaryhardware and software resources to

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Sudeep Bhoja; Ku-Jei King; Krish Bandaru; David G. Meyer

, allowing students to view lectures from their computer terminals. And, in atwo-way, interactive format, they’ll still be able to pose questions to the lecturer and interact with the lecturer’sdata and information in real time."1 Many questions, however, remain — such as: What curriculum changes need to be made in order toeffectively utilize technology-based instructional delivery? How well can students adapt their learning style tosuch an environment? How does technology-based instructional delivery impact academic performance —does it hinder or help students learn? What impact does technology-based instructional delivery have on stu-dents’ perceptions of the course and the instructor? What are the advantages and disadvantages of technology

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Fluids, Heat Transfer

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Keesee; Katrina Christiansen; Cherish Bauer-Reich

pedagogy, antenna theory, and remote sensing. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Design of a Wind Tunnel: A Student Project to Design and Build Their Own Wind Tunnels as the Culmination of Fluid Mechanics LaboratoryAbstractFluid Mechanics Laboratory (or a similarly titled course) is an integral part of any mechanicalengineering curriculum. One of the instruments used to demonstrate several key principles offluid flow is the wind tunnel. Currently, our department does not have a wind tunnel that canadequately demonstrate several desired fluid flow concepts to the students. Therefore, as part

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Ed McCaul; Earl Whitlatch; Robert J. Gustafson

of guest speakers from alumni or industry was a common response.3) Although not mutually exclusive, the suggestion of having an ethics course received significant support, as judged by the number of observations, and as compared to distribution of instruction across the curriculum or adding to existing course(s).4) Practice in team and group work was cited as important to the development of ethical and professional behavior.Bibliography1. Gustafson, R. & Merrill, J. 2000. Developing an Outcomes Assessment Survey for Seniors, Alumni and Managers/Supervisors. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, June 18-21, St. Louis, MO.2. Gustafson, R., Castro, J. & Hussen, P. 2001. Alumni Perceptions of the Graduate Needs in Business and

Conference Session

Multimedia Engineering Education: Distance & Service Learning, Web-based Projects

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Koichi Iwasaki; Kazuo Morita; Chi Thai

computer andInternet resources such as gigabits network, video conferencing and remote control software. Butwe found that it could be adapted to minimal IT resources such as cable modem at 1 Mbps andaudio-only feedback between teacher and students. System performance and student feedbackfor the first 7-week class period are reported herein. IntroductionOne of the thrusts in the UGA/Biological & Agricultural Engineering Department curriculum isto enhance the experiential learning aspects for our engineering students during class lectures aswell as during laboratory experiments needed for the course. Based on Student Technology feesand departmental funds, the Collaborative Distance Education (CDE

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for Their Professional Practice

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Yike Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Jiabin Zhu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Zhinan Zhang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Lattuca, P. Terenzini and J. Volkwein, “Engineering Change: A Study of the Impact of EC2000,” 2006. [Online]. Available: http:∥www .abet.org.[3] J. Cui and X. Wang, “Research on social demands for curriculum reform of Higher Engineering Education: Based on the survey of employers in industrial enterprises,” Research on higher engineering education, no.2, pp.88-95,2013.[4] C. E. Hmelo-Silver, “Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn,” Educational psychology review, vol.16, no.3, pp.235-266, 2004.[5] J. L. He, B.C. Yang, T. T. Zeng and C. J. Ye, “Quality evaluation of school enterprise cooperative education and construction of high-quality cooperative education mode: An empirical analysis based on 1538 surveys

Conference Session

Project-Based, Inquiry Guided, and High Performance Learning Environments: Effective Approaches

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph J. Biernacki, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Page 22.1341.2* World of Warcraft is a fantasy video game involving warfare.So, how should we conduct team training? What do students know about teams on the way in?Does anything we do actually make our students better team members? This paper endeavorsonly to address the first two questions. While an extensive student performance-basedassessment of teamwork is done across the curriculum, this paper will only look at how tointroduce students to teamwork using a discovery-based pedagogy that enables students torealize that “student teams” are “real team experiences” not “simulations” and that teamwork is askill that can be developed and must be practiced and not just something they will do when theyget a job. Limited course-level assessment

Conference Session

Manufacturing Workforce Development

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Marilyn Barger, FLATE (Florida Advanced Technological Education Center of Excellence); Suzy Gorospes Marzano, Society of Manufacturing Engineers; Juan Song, Alamo Colleges District

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

National Science Foundations Advanced Technological Education (NSF-ATE) as a Regional Center of Excellence. FLATE’s mission is to support manufacturing education in K-14 programs through outreach, professional development, curriculum reform and technician research. She earned a Ph.D. in Civil En- gineering/Environmental from the University of South Florida and served on the Engineering faculty at Hofstra University and the FSU-FAMU College of Engineering. Dr. Barger has authored over 50 papers for presentations on engineering and technology education, serves on several national advisory boards for CTE and workforce education initiatives, and is a Fellow of the American Society of Engineering Edu- cation (ASEE) and the

Conference Session

High-School Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University; Susan Powers, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

(integrating science, math, technology, writing andcommunication) and approaches the investigation and application of new automobiletechnologies and transportation fuels within a societal and global context. Table 2 summarizesthe general outline of the course, which follows a standard engineering problem solvingapproach. In any given year, the specific details have varied within this framework. The entiremodule is designed to extend over a total of 16 to 20, 40-minute class periods. Detailed unit andlesson plans for this module are available.14ParticipantsStudents enrolled in an advanced placement environmental science (APES) class at a high schoolin rural St. Lawrence County, NY have been study participants for all three years. This nonregents-based

Conference Session

Institutionalizing Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., Texas A&M University; John A. Barton PE, Texas A&M University System; James R. Hallmark, Texas A&M University System; Billy C. Hamilton, The Texas A&M University System

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

member of the American Society for Engineering Education and the SAFE Association. Prior to receiving his Ph.D. in 1983, Dr. Nelson worked as a design engineer in industry and taught as an adjunct professor at the University of Houston and Texas A&M University at Galveston. In industry he was primarily involved in design of floating and fixed structures for the offshore petroleum industry. After receiving his Ph.D., Dr. Nelson joined the civil engineering faculty at Texas A&M University. He joined the civil engineering faculty at Clemson University in 1989 as Program Director and founder of the Clemson University Graduate Engineering Programs at The Citadel and became Chair of Civil Engineering in 1998. In

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Eniko T. Enikov; Vasco Polyzoev; Joshua Gill

survey data on the effectiveness of the module is alsopresented.I. IntroductionHands-on laboratories have been an integral part of the engineering curriculum since itsinception1. Their importance has been recognized by the Accreditation Board of EngineeringEducation (ABET) and its predecessors by creating criteria requiring adequate laboratorypractice for students2-6. During the last three decades, engineering laboratories have becomemore complex, including simulation tools and computer-controlled test and measurementequipment7-8. This increased sophistication has also led to more expensive equipment. Theinclusion of such laboratory courses in the undergraduate curriculum is challenging due to thelarge number of students and the increased demand

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Fathi Finaish

realization: design, manufacture, test, and correlateproduct performance with analysis results.With this motive, this article describes a product realization exercise integrated recently into anew design course. This course is introduced as a part of a restructuring of the aerospaceengineering curriculum at the University of Missouri-Rolla. The primary goal of this new courseis to introduce students to open-ended problems and to the processes of engineering design andto provide an environment that encourages students to interact with each other at early stages oftheir study program. The students are required to design a small radio-controlled model, analyzeits performance, and construct it. Once the model construction has been completed and

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Hoffman; Kevin D. Taylor; Russell A. Aubrey

upper division courses in an Engineering Technology department. Page 3.406.3There were two full-time teachers in the lower division (one instructor, one tenured assistant)who did not support the administration’s decision to offer upper division courses, and thereforerequested not to teach any of those courses. The mood was somewhat hostile. For example,Albert could not use equipment from “their” lab. Most of the upper division courses had neverbeen taught, and the curriculum was modeled after a program at another university. Albert wasnot aware of the situation in the department when he joined.Mentoring was non-existent. Albert’s department head

Conference Session

Beyond the Classroom

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rongrong Yu, Virginia Tech; Denise Rutledge Simmons PE, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #11396Synthesis of Engineering Undergraduate Students’ Out of Class InvolvementMs. Rongrong Yu, Virginia Tech Rongrong Yu is a PhD student at the Educational Research and Evaluation Program in School of Education at Virginia Tech. She holds a B.S. degree in psychology and a M.Ed. degree in educational psychology. Her research interests include K-12 student mathematics and science achievement, STEM and gender, and co-curricular involvement.Dr. Denise Rutledge Simmons PE, Virginia Tech Dr. Denise R. Simmons, PE, is an assistant professor in the Myers-Lawson School of Construction and in Civil &

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade Inside the Classroom

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

June Marshall; John Marshall

and NotTeaching; 2) Problem Based Learning; 3) Facilitating Group Learning (PromotingAccountability, Linking Assignments, and Stimulating the Idea Exchange); 4) ChangingLearning Behavior Outside the Classroom; and 5) Preparing to Teach. Topics included inthe “Teaching” section include: 1) The Seven “Good Practices” for Teachers; 2)Teaching with Hospitality; 3) The Importance of Listening; and 4) Assessment Via theMinute Paper.The presented techniques are not cumbersome or extremely involved. In fact they are funand very straightforward. Learn more about these practical and helpful teaching ideasthat can easily be implemented into your curriculum. Examples and brief case studies areutilized to increase clarity and understanding.Learning

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janos Grantner, Western Michigan University; Ramakrishna Gottipati, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

University, in Computer Engineering. Page 11.860.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Laboratory for Digital ElectronicsAbstractThe Digital Electronics course (ECE 3500)1 was created in the Department of Electrical andComputer Engineering of Western Michigan University to develop the skills students need todesign, and simulate digital integrated circuits down to the transistor layout level using MentorGraphics Category II tools2. Digital Electronics is a required course for students majoring incomputer engineering. The class has an embedded lab which makes use of the 0.25 microntechnology for IC

Conference Session

Statics - They can move at constant velocity!

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Y Tsai, University of Colorado at Boulder; Daria A Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado Boulder; Michael Patrick Hannigan, University of Colorado - Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

including Dynamics, Mechanics of Solids, Fluids, Thermodynamics, etc.Typically taken in the first semester of the 2nd year of a standard 4-year engineeringundergraduate curriculum, success in Statics is critical for continued success along the pathwayto an engineering degree. As the first technical engineering class students encounter, Statics hasthe potential to make novice students excited and enamored with the engineering problem-solving and analytical process, or conversely students’ experience in Statics can cause them toswitch disciplines or feel discouraged about pursuing engineering. It is a focal class in the Page 23.856.2trajectory of

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Weihang Zhu, University of Houston; Julia Yoo, Lamar University; James C. Curry, Lamar University; Brian Craig P.E., Lamar University; Hsing-wei Chu P.E., Lamar University; Jiang Zhou, Lamar University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

. L., Olsen, P. E., Nwogbaga, A. P., and S. Stotts, "Integrative approach for a transformative freshman-level STEM curriculum," Journal of College Teaching and Learning, vol. 13, 2016.11. Wilson, Z. S., Holmes, L., Sylvain, M., Batiste, L., Johnson, M., McGuire, S., Pang, S. and I. Warner. "Hierarchical mentoring: A transformative strategy for improving diversity and retention in undergraduate STEM disciplines," Journal of Science Education and Technology, vol. 21, p.p. 148-156, 2012.12. Gilmer, T. "An understanding of the improved grades, retention and graduation rates of STEM majors at the Academic Investment in Math and Science (AIMS) Program of Bowling Green State University (BGSU)," Journal of STEM Education, vol. 8

Conference Session

A Systems-Thinking Approach to Solving Problems

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University; Scott C. Banks, Georgia Tech Research Institute

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

Masters of Systems Engineering from Southern Polytechnic State University. Scott is Branch head of Software Tool Engineering in the Electronic Systems Division. He has over 20 years experience in system testing, integration, quality assurance and process improvement. Prior to joining GTRI, Scott was instrumental in system testing and development process improvements at TransCore and Northrop Grumman. Scott has presented at the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) Systems Engineering and CMMI conferences. He is an Atlanta Software Process Improvement Network (SPIN) Board Member. Page 22.1366.1

Conference Session

ET Pedagogy II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junkun Ma, Sam Houston State University; Keith L. Coogler, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

freshman and sophomore level students. The coursematerials presented in this paper start with introducing students to a working product andthen challenge them with problems requiring the redesign of components. Subsequently,various manufacturing methods, techniques, processes, and equipment are discussed indetail so that students can prototype these newly designed components in the laboratories.As part of the curriculum of an Engineering Technology program, these courses aim atdeveloping students' ability to work in collaborative groups to apply engineering andtechnology knowledge to solve real-world technical problems requiring the application ofpractical procedures and methods.The Design and Prototyping is an introductory manufacturing processes

Conference Session

ECCD Applications

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Cherif Megri, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

polesmachine. If we look at a 2 poles machine and 60 HZ supply, the speed calculates out to 3600 RPM. Theonly way to vary the speed is to change the F in the equation. We can accomplish this with a VariableFrequency Drive (VFD).System construction:A primary system has been constructed. This system is composed of an axial fan/motor connected to aduct/damper, to a variable frequency drive (VFD) and to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) witha view panel and connected to a computer for programming purposes. The design and implementationof an experiment that include a VFD to control a three phase variable speed motor of a fan integrated toa PLC has been performed. This system will be used to verify several variants to control the rotationalspeed of

Conference Session

Exemplary Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Macon Beck, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue Universtiy; Teri Reed-Rhoads, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

well with other people (Item 1) and have good verbal skills (Item 2). Schoolcounselors agree to a greater extent that most people feel that males can do well in DET careers(Item 10) as compared to females (Item 9) or minorities (Item 11), but this may or may not be areflection of what school counselors feel. It is not clear whether counselors believe that DETshould be integrated into the K-12 curriculum (Item 8). These results are similar to those found Page 14.824.5for K-12 teachers16. This leads us to believe that school counselors and K-12 teachers havesimilar perceptions of engineering. Therefore, the same content that is used in