Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saralyn McKinnon-Crowley, Georgia Institute of Technology; Todd Fernandez, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sara Schley

suggestions that engineering faculty members’ beliefs about knowledge and aboutteaching and learning may be linked to the difficulties in improving engineering education(Montfort et al., 2014). Our research question is: how do engineering faculty members at a singleinstitution describe good teaching? Methods1 This material is based upon work supported by the Kern Family Foundation (KFF) and the Kern EntrepreneurialEngineering Network (KEEN). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the KFF or KEEN.WHAT MAKES “GOOD” ENGINEERING PEDAGOGY

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Maher, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Darran Cairns, West Virginia University; John Kevern, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Jacob Marszalek, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Kathleen O'Shea

Jacob Marszalek Kathleen O’Shea University of Missouri-Kansas City Dan Justice Metropolitan Community College-Penn ValleyAbstractIn this paper, we explore the lived pandemic experiences of civil and mechanical engineeringstudents participating in a S-STEM scholarship program during the 2020-2021 academic year.The program, launched in 2020, is designed to facilitate the transfer of students from acommunity college to an urban-serving research university co-located in a Midwestern city.Findings reveal how the pandemic both challenged students and illuminated resiliency andsources of on- and off-campus support. A description of how findings have informed programgoals and implementation is

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University; Matthew Runyon, Texas A&M University; Julie Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kimberly Talley, Texas State University; Kristi Shryock, Texas A&M University; Vimal Viswanathan, San Jose State University; Benjamin Caldwell, LeTourneau University

improve the undergraduate engineering experience through evaluating preparation in areas, such as mathematics and physics, evaluating engineering identity and its impact on retention, incorporating non-traditional teaching methods into the classroom, and engaging her students with interactive methods.Benjamin Caldwell (Associate Provost) (LeTourneau University)Julie S Linsey (Professor) Georgia TechTracy Anne Hammond (Professor) Dr. Tracy Hammond is the current Secretary of the Faculty Senate and passionate about Faculty governance. Hammond is Director of the TAMU Institute of Engineering Education & Innovation and Professor of Computer Science & Engineering. Hammond holds a Ph.D. in EECS and FTO (Finance

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Eva Andrijcic, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Cara Margherio, University of Washington; Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Sriram Mohan, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Selen Güler

inclusion in STEM fields. This includes evaluation of NSF ADVANCE, S-STEM, INCLUDES, and IUSE projects, and climate studies of students, faculty, and staff. Her social science research covers many topics and has used critical race theories such as Community Cultural Wealth to describe the experiences of systemically marginalized students in engineering.Sriram Mohan (Professor of Computer Science & Software Engineering) Sriram Mohan is a Professor of Computer Science and Software Engineering at Rose-Hulman institute of Technology.Selen GülerSelen Güler is a PhD student in Sociology at the University of Washington and a research assistant in the University ofWashington’s Center for Evaluation & Research for STEM Equity (UW

Conference Session

ERM: Teamwork makes the dream work!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Li Tan, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Siqing Wei, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Matthew Ohland, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

). In terms of student teamcollaboration context, Woods et al. (2021) used Sharma’s survey instrument on ten personalcultural orientations, expanded from Hofstede et al.’s (2018) national cultural dimensions, topredict students’ reported power distance by their uncertainty avoidance and metrics of countryculture. Alternatively, Wei et al. (2019) examined the cultural influence on peer ratings ofteammates between international and domestic students by considering team members’ culturalorientation on individualism based on their internationality. Following Wei et al. (2019), we defineteams consisting of students born in different countries as multicultural teams, as a more

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Thermodynamics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Subodh Subedi, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Krishnan Suresh, University of Wisconsin - Madison

. Sigmund and K. Maute, “Topology optimization approaches,” Structural and Multidisci- plinary Optimization, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1031–1055, 2013. [3] C. Li, I. Y. Kim, and J. Jeswiet, “Conceptual and detailed design of an automotive engine cradle by using topology, shape, and size optimization,” Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 547–564, 2015. [4] C.-H. Chuang, S. Chen, R.-J. Yang, and P. Vogiatzis, “Topology optimization with additive manufacturing consideration for vehicle load path development,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 113, no. 8, pp. 1434–1445, 2018. [5] P. D. Dunning, B. K. Stanford, and H. A. Kim, “Coupled aerostructural topology optimization

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Walker, University of Texas at Dallas; Laura Gelles, University of Texas at Dallas

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Ortiz; Michelle Kang; Constanza Miranda, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel; Julian Goni

addressed through the program in detail. The activities included theoreticalclasses, practical labs, and games. In the last activity, all the students worked in different groupsso that they could interact more with the rest of their peers. Topic 2D design 3D design Electronics 1 Replication Electronics 2 Project Exhibition Days 1 and 2 3 4 and 5 6 7 and 8 9 10 Content Basic concepts Bases for Theory of Basis of Presentation Design Requirement of dimensional three- electricity mass of electronic methodology s design (color, dimensional (voltage

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Machine Learning, IoT, Writing Center Peer Tutors, Conceptual Modeling

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Clippinger; Ruth Pflueger, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Steven Nozaki, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College

0.600 Includes considerations of audience, purpose, and circumstances surrounding the writing task(s). Content Development 28 0 3 1.36 0.731 Genre and Disciplinary 28 1 3 1.64 0.678 Conventions: Formal and informal rules inherent in the expectations for writing in particular forms and/or academic fields." Sources and Evidence 28 0 2 0.14 0.448 Control of Syntax and Mechanics 28 1 3 2.32 0.670Table 2: Summary statistics for student papers, post-tutoring N Minimum Maximum Mean Std

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Best of Works in Progress

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware; Marcia Gail Headley, University of Delaware; Amy Trauth, University of Delaware; Laura Meszaros Dearolf; Margo Donlin, University of Delaware; Kelsey Neal, University of Delaware; Kayla Pariser; Judson Wagner

, instructional activities, and the associatednational STEM standards. NGSS: Next Generation Science Standards [7]; CC: Common CoreStandards [8] Learning Objective Instructional Activities National Standard(s) • Interactive lecture introducing clinical and sports performance CC: ELA WHST.11-12.2 Explain how motion analysis is used in applications of motion analysis NGSS: PS2.A Forces & clinical and sports

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Wendy Wagster; Robert A. McLauchlan; Ranjeet Agarwal; Christa Ramon; Brett Keener

Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education Neural Network Analysis vs. Actual Output 2.5 2 Predicted Alcohol Consumption 1.5Output Actual Alcohol 1 Consumption 0.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -0.5 Exemplar Figure 3: Testing Network Output(s) for Varied Input

Collection

2022 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Annual Conference

Authors

Doga Yucalan, Cornell University; Celia A. Evans PhD, Cornell University; Lisa Schneider-Bentley, Cornell University

with the TA mentor, providedguidance throughout, and collaboratively participated in the implementation and assessment.Program structure and summary of the activity design processThe program lead and the mentor met briefly with the participating course instructors and their TA(s) toexplain the goals and objectives early in the semester. The mentor subsequently met with the course TA(s)and shared the backward design process [7]. In summary, the design sequence is: determining the learningoutcome, designing an assessment to measure if students accomplished the outcome, and designing anactivity to help students accomplish the outcome. As another step, this program included designingretrospective post-assessment questions to help students self

Conference Session

Technical Session 1 - Paper 2: Challenging the Hegemonic Culture of Engineering: Curricular and Co-Curricular Methodologies

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Bailey Bond-Trittipo, Florida International University; Joseph Valle, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor; Stephen Secules, Florida International University; Andrew Green, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

, vol. 1, S. H. Christensen, C. Didier, A. Jamison, M. Meganck, C. Mitcham, B. Newberry, Eds. Springer, pp. 171-189, 2015.[17] E. A. Cech, “The (mis)framing of social justice: Why ideologies of depoliticization and meritocracy hinder engineers’ ability to think about social injustices,” in Engineering education for social justice: Critical explorations and opportunities, vol. 10, J. Lucena, Ed. Springer, pp. 67-84, 2013.[18] E. A. Cech and H. M. Sherick, “Depoliticization and the structure of engineering education,” in International perspectives on engineering education: Engineering education and practice in context, vol. 1, S. H. Christensen, C. Didier, A. Jamison, M. Meganck, C. Mitcham, B

Conference Session

ERM: Exploring Educational Technology in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Tufts University; Harpreet Auby, Tufts University; Namrata Shivagunde, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Anna Rumshisky, University of Massachusetts Lowell

reflect the views of the NSF.ReferencesBertolini, R., Finch, S. J., & Nehm, R. H. (2021). Testing the impact of novel assessment sources and machine learning methods on predictive outcome modeling in undergraduate biology. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30(2), 193-209.Brown, T.B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A. and Agarwal, S., (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14165.Burstein, J., Horbach, A., Kochmar, K., Laarmann-Quante, R., Leacock, C., Madnani, Nitin., Pilan, I., Yannakoudakis, H., Zesch,T., Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Secil Akinci-Ceylan, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Kristen Cetin, Michigan State University; Benjamin Ahn, Iowa State University of Science and Technology

about engineering solutionsneeding to work, i.e. be economical and effective. Amy also mentioned that a completelycreative solution would not be achievable due to the constraints given in the problem. These statements suggest three key themes. First is that some domain knowledge relatedto a problem is helpful in allowing engineers to be creative. However, second, knowledge ofexisting solution(s) to the specific problem being solved impacts a practitioner’s ability to becreative. In this case they may not necessarily use their creativity to develop a new solution whenone is already known to exist and work. A third theme seems to suggest that practitioners mayfeel restricted by expectations, specifically that they are expected to develop a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane Lehr, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Dominic Dal Bello, Allan Hancock College; Daniel Almeida, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eva Schiorring; Erica Garcia; Fred Depiero, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Jamie Bettencourt; John Oliver, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lizabeth Thompson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Jeff Jones, Class4me.com; Victoria Siaumau, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

describes tools and practices for creating, living, andsustaining partnerships between community colleges and B.S.-granting colleges of engineeringand computer science by drawing from our experiences in a multi-institutional partnershipfunded via an NSF S-STEM ENGAGE (Engineering Neighbors: Gaining Access, GrowingEngineers) program designed to support pre-transfer, low-income, academically talentedengineering and computer science students where participating institutions include twoCalifornia Community Colleges – Allan Hancock College and Cuesta College – that are highly-ranked Hispanic-Serving Institutions and a predominantly white College of Engineering atCalifornia Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) in the California State University system

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yingqian Zhang; Jiabin Zhu

International Journal of Science Education 5(3) Top authors and their affiliations. Table 2 summarized the authors who havepublished more than three articles on STEM preservice teacher education. The top fourauthors are Blackley S, Aydin-gunbatar S, Sheffield R and Radloff J. They havepublished four or more articles that were related to STEM preservice teacher education.From the analysis of these authors’ affiliations and countries, there is an obviousphenomenon of cooperation between the authors of the same university or country,especially Curtin University. STEM pre-service teacher education is a relatively newfield, but some trends are beginning to emerge, there is a great space and potential forresearchers

Conference Session

Remote Pedagogy in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; Leia Farroux, Robert Morris University; Amanda Wolfe, Robert Morris University

accomplished in four ways: • With a target image (or marker): A static 3D image appears after the camera associated with the application recognizes a pre-determined reference image (a marker). • With a target image and animation(s): An animated 3D image (or multiple images in a sequence) appears after the camera associated with the application recognizes a reference image. User will not have control over the animation while operating the application. • With a target image, animation(s), and control script. One or more animated 3D images appear after the camera associated with the application recognizes a reference image. User will have control over the animation during operation of the application based on

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 10: Empathy and Human-centered Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico

; Exposition, 2016, doi: 10.18260/p.26120.[2] D. A. Chen, M. A. Chapman, and J. A. Mejia, "Balancing complex social and technical aspects of design: Exposing engineering students to homelessness issues," Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 15, p. 5917, 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12155917.[3] R. Olson et al., "Developing changemaking engineers–Year four," Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2019, doi: 10.18260/1-2--32203.[4] S. M. Lord et al., "Creative Curricula for Changemaking Engineers," Proccedings of the World Engineering Education Forum-Global Engineering Deans Council, pp. 1-5, 2018.[5] M. H. Davis, "Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence

Conference Session

ERM: Lessons Learned from COVID (COVID Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana De La Rosa-Pohl, University of Houston; Catherine Horn

Paper ID #37111Finding a Place to Belong: Understanding the Role of Place inDeveloping Learner Identity Among Students Returning toIn-person LearningDiana G. De La Rosa-pohl (Instructional Associate Professor) Diana de la Rosa-Pohl is an Instructional Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at the University of Houston. She is also currently the Director of the Endeavour S-STEM Program. Her areas of interest are motivation and engagement and how they relate to the success of low-SES STEM students in higher ed. © American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 2: Instruction & Learning Delivery

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ibukun Osunbunmi, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Ning Fang, Utah State University

synthesizedinformation of this study will answer the research questions of this systematic literaturereview. It is hoped that this study when completed will better inform the engineering communityof the current state-of-the-art of project-based learning in engineering education, the impact ofengineering education on students’ academic achievement, and recommend future direction forproject-based learning in engineering education. The study will also contrast project-basedlearning in the United States to other countries.References[1] Khan, K. S., Kunz, R., Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2003). Five steps to conducting a systematic review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(3), 118–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107680309600304.[2

Conference Session

PCEE Session 4: Resource / Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hoda Ehsan, The Hill School

computationalthinking for young learners. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 36(1), 46-62.[3] Crowley, K., Callanan, M. A., Jipson, J. L., Galco, J., Topping, K., & Shrager, J. (2001). Sharedscientific thinking in everyday parent‐child activity. Science Education, 85(6), 712-732.[4] Klein-Gardner, S. S. (2014, June). STEM summer institute increases student and parent understandingof engineering. In 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition (pp. 24-1103).[5] Ribeiro, L. M., Cunha, R. S., Silva, M. C. A. E., Carvalho, M., & Vital, M. L. (2021). Parentalinvolvement during pandemic times: Challenges and opportunities. Education Sciences, 11(6), 302.[6] Alemdar, M., Moore, R., & Ehsan, H. (2021). Call for Papers: A Special Issue of the

Collection

2022 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Robert Woodley; Steve E. Watkins

Scienceand Technology (Missouri S&T) implemented an Accelerated BS/MS Program in 2019. Whilethe university has long offered opportunities for qualified undergraduates to take graduatecourses during their last semester and to participate in research through various undergraduateproject opportunities, these options do not formally admit the student to graduate study. TheECE Accelerated BS/MS Program was the first such program for Missouri S&T and otherdepartments have developed similar Grad Track Pathways programs [7]. The programs havefinancial advantages and can reduce the time to obtain both the BS and MS degrees by at least asemester as compared to obtaining the degrees sequentially. © American Society for

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marian Kennedy, Clemson University; Christopher Kitchens, Clemson University; Joseph Santaniello; Spencer Davenport, Clemson University; Kaitlynn Conway, Clemson University; William Ferriell, Clemson University

Paper ID #38434Work In Progress: Initiating a graduate teaching fellowprogram to support undergraduates transferring intoengineering and computing programsMarian S. Kennedy (Associate Professor) Marian Kennedy is an Associate Professor within the Department of Materials Science & Engineering at Clemson University. Her research group focused on the mechanical and tribological characterization of thin films. She also contributes to the engineering education community through studying the process/impacts of undergraduate research and navigational capital into graduate school.William Ferriell W. Davis Ferriell is a

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Steven Sherrin, Wentworth Institute of Technology

-calculatealternative (effect sizes) that counteracts this bias.• I will demonstrate how visualizations focusing on differences between demographicgroups can lead stakeholders to underestimate variation within groups. I will present astatistical technique (cluster analysis) that naturally describes within-group diversity. Inaddition, I will provide a simple data visualization technique, outcome-based categorization,that can also be helpful.• I will illustrate how demographic categories commonly used by higher educationinstitutions can fail to represent the rich, multifaceted nature of individual identity(s). I willdiscuss examples of how to integrate standard demographic categories with meaningfulinformation from other datasets, such as hometown information

Conference Session

ERM: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Urmi Ghosh-Dastidar; Sandie Han; Nadia Kennedy, New York City College of Technology; Diana Samaroo; Armando Solis

Co-PI on the NSF S-STEM grant. Her research area is number theory and mathematics education. Her work on Self-Regulated Learning and Mathematics Self-Efficacy won the CUNY Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Mathematics Instructions in 2013. She participated in the CUNY-Harvard Consortium Leadership program and initiated the CUNY Celebrates Women in Computing Conference.Nadia Kennedy Nadia Stoyanova Kennedy is Associate Professor in Mathematics Education in the Department of Mathematics and Program Director of Mathematics Education. Her research focuses on inquiry approaches to mathematics teaching and learning; mathematics identity; philosophy of mathematics education, and mathematics teacher education. She

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Best of Works in Progress

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine King, University of California, Irvine; Jasmine Wang, University of California, Irvine; Sriram Rao, University of California, Irvine; Rahul Sreedasyam, University of California, Irvine; Abhishek Kulkarni, University of California, Irvine; Shaan Braich, University of California, Irvine; Ishaan Sharma, University of California, Irvine; Dalton Salvo, University of California, Irvine

proposed VR clinical immersioncourse will provide access to hospital procedures to all BME and medical students at a largescale while increasing the pedagogical effectiveness of the educational materials by developingmore robust remote learning content.Acknowledgements:Research reported in this publication was supported by the VentureWell Faculty Grant Program(Award No. 19823-19) and the National Institute Of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering ofthe National Institutes of Health (Award No. R25EB031116). References[1] J. Stephens, S. Rooney, E. Arch, and J. Higginson, “Bridging Courses: Unmet Clinical Needsto Capstone Design (Work in Progress),” in 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & ExpositionProceedings

Conference Session

PCEE Technical Session 5: STEM Teacher Instructional Moves

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farah Faruqi, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Khomson Keratithamkul, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Benny Mart Hiwatig, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Elizabeth Forde; Nilay Ozturk, University of Minnesota

for places of agreement anddisagreement between coders before moving on to reading the next transcript. Codes wererepeated across multiple days of implementation.Table 4: Codes Codes Description Context Integration When teachers situate students learning in real-world scenarios [CXI] through engineering design challenge Content Integration When a teacher connects content from two or more STEM [CNI] disciplines (S, E, and/or M) Explicit [Ex] When the teacher makes a direct connection between two or more STEM

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Integrated Engineering and Interdisciplinary Impacts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marissa Forbes, University of San Diego; Susan Lord, University of San Diego; Gordon Hoople, University of San Diego; Diana Chen, University of San Diego; Joel Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio

sociotechnical engineering courses, and aconcentration of their choosing [35]. The majority of students who participated in this study werepursuing the sustainability concentration, however students can also choose a concentration inbiomedical engineering, embedded software, law, or an individual plan of study.MethodsIn Spring 2021, we interviewed five students (out of the nine enrolled in the class) at the end ofthe course using a semi-structured protocol that probed their motivation(s) for choosing anengineering major, as well as their perceptions about engineering and engineers. We asked thestudents: • Q1: Why did you choose to major in engineering? • Q2: How do you define engineering? • Q3: Please describe an engineer. • Q4: What

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Vignesh Sundaram, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Nadia Kellam, Arizona State University

to capture the participant’s reasoning and thought process during implementation. Thebeing dimension captures the broader values that drive an engineer to be empathetic. We usedthis dimension to explore the intrinsic values that drive the participant to be empathetic. Figure 1: Model of Empathy Framework [1]Action Research: AR was first coined by Kurt Lewin [16] and “is a process of concurrentlyinquiring about problems and taking action to solve them” [17, p. 30]. Based on the applicationand the field, there are multiple variations of AR with their own seminal references. For thisstudy, we chose the AR methodology explored by Pine [17] specific to teacher and classroomresearch. The participant(s) in AR can be a co