Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Adaline M. Buerck, Mercer University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

outputs. Working with a local topic would also offer the potential for thegroup or a student to carry the project forward outside of class for an independent researchproject if interested.The assessment presented in the paper indicates that students see the potential for using socialmarketing and the frameworks and topics covered in the course in their future classes andcareers.References 1. Hofmann, T., Lowry, G.V., Ghoshal, S. et al. Technology readiness and overcoming barriers to sustainably implement nanotechnology-enabled plant agriculture. Nat Food 1, 416–425 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0110-1 2. Hoorman, J. J. (2009, November 23). Using cover crops to convert to no-till. Ohioline. https

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel; Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; Nahid Vesali P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

graduates.Future research could examine the long-term impact of KEEN Fellowships on recipients'teaching practices and career trajectories. Additionally, studies investigating the broader impactof fellows' projects on engineering education across institutions would provide valuable insightsinto the program’s influence on student learning outcomes, institutional cultures, and even onindustry readiness. Such research could ultimately reinforce the role of KEEN in shapingengineering education that meets the evolving demands of society.References[1] Huang-Saad, A., & Bodnar, C. (2020). Examining current practice in engineeringentrepreneurship education. Sage Journals.[2] Bosman, L., & Fernhaber, S. (2018). Teaching the entrepreneurial mindset to

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Kimberly A Luthi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; MICHAEL KOSLOSKI, Old Dominion University; Bettina Mrusek, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

education." Career and Technical Research Education. vol. 41(2), pp. 117-140, 2016.[9] N.L. Leech, C.A. Haug, & S. Brun, "Differences in Faculty Research Motivation: How Gender, Tenure Status, Years in Higher Education, Rank, and Type of Degree Impact Productivity," Research in the Schools, vol. 24(2), 2017.[10] C.A. Moss-Racusin, J. van der Toorn, J.F. Dovidio, V.L. Brescoll, M.J. Graham, & J. Handelsman, "A “Scientific Diversity” Intervention to Reduce Gender Bias in a Sample of Life Scientists." CBE.Life Sciences Education, vol.15(3), 2016.[11] C. Okoli, & S. Pawlowski, "The Delphi method as a research tool: an example design considerations and applications," Information and Management, vol. 42, 15-29, 2004.[12

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Alexis P. Nordin, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

ascertainwhether they significantly improve student writing would be valuable.References [1] A. Barton, J. A. Grimes, S. Sanders, and A. Nordin, “WIP: Comparing engineering faculty’s perceptions of undergraduate student writing abilities with students’ self- perceptions,” in Proc. 129th ASEE Annu. Conf. & Expo, 2022, doi: 10.18260/1-2--41287 [2] D. McVey, “Why all writing is creative writing,” Innovations in Education and Teaching International, vol. 45:3, pp. 289-294, 2008. [Online]. Available: 10.1080/14703290802176204 [Accessed January 22, 2024]. [3] S. P. Shama Johnny, “Stylistics of technical writing and creative writing: A comparative and contrastive study,” Research Journal of English Language and Literature

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Charles D Newhouse P.E., Virginia Military Institute; James C. Squire P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Matthew K Swenty P.E., Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

Paper ID #45779Math Placement Testing: Performance and Persistence in Civil EngineeringDr. Charles D Newhouse P.E., Virginia Military Institute Charles D. ”Chuck” Newhouse received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering at Virginia Tech after working nine years as a consulting structural engineer for MMM Design Group in Norfolk, Virginia. He spent three years teaching at Texas Tech University before joining the faculty at the Virginia Military Institute in 2008 where he is now the Charles S. Luck, Jr. ’20 Institute Professor in Engineering. He is also currently serving as the department head of the Civil and Environmental

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Gowtham Raj Vuppari; Navarun Gupta; Ahmed El-Sayed; Xingguo Xiong

REFERENCES(10), the confusion matrix emphasizes the model's robustnessand guarantees great detection dependability. The model also [1] Wang, J., Liu, Y., and Zhang, H., "Vision Transformerobtained an F1-score of 0.97, therefore confirming its efficiency (ViT)-based wildfire detection using satellite imagery," IEEEin precisely spotting wildfires and lowering false alarms. Our Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 61, pp.ViT-based wildfire detection system exceeds current techniques 1-12, 2023.with an enhanced ultimate accuracy of 96.10%, thereforehighlighting the possibilities of transformer-based architectures [2] Lopez, M., Gonzalez, R., and Patel, S., "Hybrid CNN-for sophisticated environmental image

Conference Session

CANCELLED: Track 6: Technical Session 1: A Student-Centered, Theory-Informed, Integrated Model to Academic and Career Advising to Educate the Whole Engineer: Transforming Engineering Education and Broadening Participation in Engineering is Possible!

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, Wake Forest University; Melissa C Kenny, Wake Forest University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

and a process for you to consult with mentors (e.g. peer mentors, parents, friends, faculty, professionalmentors, personal mentors, etc.). The more you invest in this process early, the more the rewards will pay off. Most studentseither never complete an IDP during their tenure as students or they tackle an IDP as seniors as a means to find a job aftergraduation. For us at WFU Engineering, we are committed to your personal and professional growth from semester one!Goal(s)/objective(s) (1) Understand the value and purpose of an independent development plan for personal and professional growth. (2) Reflect deeply on personal and professional short-term and long-term goals accompanied by action items and evidence of achievement. (3) Conduct

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 1: Pulled In or Pushed Out? Underrepresented Minority High School Students Describe Socio-environmental Factors Shaping STEM Persistence and Post-Secondary Plans

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Alexis Grace Daniels, Johns Hopkins University; Rachel E Durham; Michael L Falk, The Johns Hopkins University; Alisha Nicole Sparks, The Johns Hopkins University; Emily J Yanisko, American University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

plans and secondary plans or provide emotional, provides support psychosocial, and/or academic encouragement into STEM pathwaysFamily No family member with Family member(s) provide Family member(s)Support whom student discusses emotional support provide various types future plans of support (emotional

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Hoo Kim, LeTourneau University; Jaden Schuster, LeTourneau University; Ray Holt

-2—161335. Edalgo, S., & High, K. A., & Lichtenstein, G., & Lee, C. M., & Main, J. B. (2021, July), Exploring How FacultyMentoring Influences Faculty Productivity Paper presented at 2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference ContentAccess, Virtual Conference. 10.18260/1-2—371446. Bilen-Green, C., & Green, R. A., & McGeorge, C., & Birmingham, E. J., & Burnett, A. (2013, June), MentoringPrograms Supporting Junior Faculty Paper presented at 2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Atlanta,Georgia. 10.18260/1-2--222837. Mendez, S. L., & Conley, V. M., & Haynes, C. L., & Gerhardt, R. A., & Tygret, J. (2018, June), The IMPACTMentoring Program: Exploring the Benefits of Mentoring for Emeriti Faculty

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Sandipon Chowdhury, West Texas A&M University; Swastika Bithi, West Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Chou1, Theresa Rogers3, and Swastika S. Bithi1 1 College of Engineering 2 Terry B. Rogers College of Education and Social Sciences West Texas A&M University 3 Canyon High School AbstractThis initiative transforms STEM education by engaging 6–12 grade students in the TexasPanhandle with hands-on tools focused on groundwater, aquifers, water quality, and waterquantity. Teachers collaborate directly with the program to implement in-class activities, organizescience and

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Heidar A Malki, University of Houston - COE

.[2] Singh S, Suragimath G, Varma S, Zope SA, Mashalkar VS, Kale AV, Sr A. YouTube Videos: ALearning Tool for Periodontology Education. Cureus. 2024 Dec 19;16(12):e76049. doi:10.7759/cureus.76049. PMID: 39834979; PMCID: PMC11743747. AppendixYouTube Channels developmentThe process of creation of YouTube channels involved several key steps that combined technicalorganization and continuous collaboration with industry experts and students. The Six YouTubechannels are: 1. Offshore Mooring Systems: (https://www.youtube.com/@OFFSHOREMOORINGSYSTEMS) 2. Heavy Marine Transport Vessels & Floatovers: (https://www.youtube.com/@HEAVYMARINETRANSPORTVESSELS) 3. Offshore Oil & Gas Field

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Kastriot Palokaj, Eastern Michigan University; Justin Barnet Brock, Eastern Michigan University; Elizabeth Selby, Eastern Michigan University; Mussa Geyre, Eastern Michigan University; Ethan Victor Harper, Eastern Michigan University; Nicholas B Cote, Eastern Michigan University; John Losee, Eastern Michigan University; Daoud Sidibe Sambimana, Eastern Michigan University; Qin Hu, Eastern Michigan University

previously worked on the golf cart project. Finally, the authors would like tothank the Eastern Michigan University Disability Resource Center for their crucial insights andthe GameAbove College of Engineering and Technology for the financial support of this project.References[1] National Center on College Students with Disabilities. (n.d.). Campus Disability Resource Database.https://www.cedardatabase.org/index.php/[2] Autocampus. Perrone Robotics, Inc. https://www.perronerobotics.com/autocampus Accessed 29 Nov. 2024.[3] B. Panomruttanarug, L. Thurnim, A. Kornwong, S. Promdum and P. Tangwongsan. (July 2022). Practical SpeedControl for an Autonomous Golf Cart. Presented at Int. Tech. Conf. on Circuits/Systems, Computers, and Commun.(ITC-CSCC

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Grace Hattery, Ohio Northern University; Stephany Coffman-Wolph, Ohio Northern University; Dax Amburgy, Ohio Northern University

the experiences the remote is transmitting to, the communicationprotocol broadcasts an incrementing numerical value to determine whether the experience is onor off. By using modular arithmetic, a value can be set for the number of times the button can bepressed before it gets reset back to state zero. For example, assume that there are 6 specificsections of the History Wall that need to be illuminated by our lighting array. The remote carriedaround by the client will constantly increment by 1 to an arbitrary limit based on the computepower of the ESP-32’s Arm based architecture. On the controller side of the history wall, it willreceive whatever value is being sent by the remote, divide by 7 (the number of sections neededper the assumption

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Brian Krug, Grand Valley State University; Chirag Parikh, Grand Valley State University; Elora Mae Ferrie, Grand Valley State University

microcontroller model was programmed in C to control LED strips as well as LEDsegmented displays, illustrating data flow paths and displaying binary register values,respectively. Due to the mechanical build and the number of LEDs, monitoring and managingsystem temperature became critical. As the model was designed to be wall-mounted, the ability 7to remotely change the instructions became essential leveraging the ESP32's built-in BluetoothLow Energy (BLE) capabilities to accept and apply operator changes wirelessly.The basic function of software includes the following: • Allow the system to connect remotely to an external Operator Interface • Monitor temperature and Fan control

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

PS. Dhanasekaran

. UNESCO, 2021.[4] S. Roy and S.K. Paul, "Revolutionizing Education: How [13] Cecilia Ka Yuk Chan, Louisa H.Y. Tsi, The AI Revolution in Artificial Intelligence is Transforming the Learning Landscape," Education: Will AI Replace or Assist Teachers in Higher International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Education? Cecilia.Chan@cetl.hku.hk Development (IJTSRD), vol. 7, no. 4, July-August 2023. [14] A. D. Lantada and C. De Maria, "Towards Open-Source and[5] J. L. Martín Núñez and A. S. Dı́az Lantada, "Artificial Collaborative Project-Based Learning in Engineering Education: Intelligence Aided Engineering Education: State of the Art

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Hasan Baig; Phillip Bradford

several outliers and scatteredpoints, indicating variability in student performance. Some ACKNOWLEDGMENTstudents scored low on paper-based assessments but relatively During the preparation of this work the author(s) usedhigher on computer-based assessments. These outliers ChatGPT tool to compare students’ solutions to check if theyrepresent students who extensively used Generative AI tools are generated by ChatGPT. We also used this platform forfor completing their auto-graded computer-based assignments improving the language of the manuscript. After using thisto obtain high scores but struggled to write simple code on tool/service, the author reviewed and edited the

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

B. Kris Jaeger-Helton

group got creative on their own and came up with 4 4 16 some unique ideas to use without AI.” 56  Totals  121 “Our team had some discussions on what ways and how much to use AI and could not always agree. We decided to just do what we wanted for each of our parts for the seminar. Students were forthcoming in recognizing and describingthe potential drawbacks of relying on generative AI for this “I actually wonder how this affect[s] my

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Priscilla C. Fonseca; Riley Popp

. Available at https://engineering.purdue.edu/∼biehl/MultiSpec/index.html (2022/08/03) [9] Imagej - image processing and analysis in java. Available at https: //imagej.nih.gov/ij/ (2022/08/03)[10] Y. Guo, Y. Liu, A. Oerlemans, S. Lao, S. Wu, M.S. Lew, Neurocom- puting 187, 27 (2016)[11] A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, G.E. Hinton, Advances in neural informa- tion processing systems 25 (2012)[12] G. Letjens, Medical Image Analysis 42, 60 (2017)[13] Y. Song, Z. Huang, C. Shen, H. Shi, D.A. Lange, Cement and Concrete Research 135, 106118 (2020)[14] P. Fonseca, G. Scherer, Materials and Structures 48(10), 3087 (2015)[15] J.A. Hartigan, M.A. Wong, Journal of the royal statistical society. series c (applied statistics) 28(1), 100 (1979

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Xu Gao, Marshall University; Pingping Zhu, Marshall University; Mohammed Ferdjallah, Marshall University

unbiased evaluation of modelperformance. The training set constituted 70% of the data, while 20% was reserved for validation and 10% for testing. These preprocessing steps ensured that the models were trained on a diverse and well-prepared dataset, allowing forreliable performance comparisons across SegNet, U-Net, and YOLO-Seg. As shown in Table I, the dataset was efficientlylabeled using Roboflow, a free and user-friendly annotation tool. Its intuitive interface eliminates the need for specializedtraining, making it accessible even to users with minimal technical expertise. TABLE I S UMMARY OF B LOOD C ELL DATASET

Conference Session

CANCELLED: Track 5: Technical Session 6: Think-Aloud Insights: Exploring QuantCrit Challenges and Diverse Survey Responses Among Undergraduate Engineering Students

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Sheila Kathryn Castro, University of Florida; Bruce Frederick Carroll, University of Florida; Janice Mejía, Northwestern University; Kent J. Crippen, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

marginalizedcommunities [3]. Together, QuantCrit can provide valuable broader insights on the CCW heldand used by students of minoritized populations. One example includes Perez Huber et al.’s [10]use of QuantCrit as a counter story methodology to share the occupational outcomes of Latinestudents.Our study explores the use of think-aloud methodology to provide an avenue for integrating theprinciple of Voices and Insight in survey design. Voices and Insight posits that all data issubjected to socially constructed interpretations, thus prompting researchers to reflect on howtheir beliefs and experiences shape their understanding of the data [3]. Voices and Insights alsorecognizes the importance of the knowledge and experiences held by minoritized individuals.Using

Conference Session

Track 1: Technical Session 6: "Use of a multi-level self-study to engage campus stakeholders and improve STEM student learning outcomes "

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jennifer Speed, Texas State University; Don Pair, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

. Price, "Enhancing the success of minority STEM studentsby providing financial, academic, social, and cultural capital," In ASEE annual conference &exposition, vol. 2014, 2017.[10] G.H. Kuh, J.K. Kinzie, J.A. Buckley, B.K. Bridges, and J.C. Hayek, J. C. “What matters tostudent success: A review of the literature. In commissioned report for the national symposiumon postsecondary student success, National Postsecondary Education Cooperative, 2006.Available: https://nces.ed.gov/npec/pdf/Kuh_Team_Report.pdf[11] J.J. Fry, "Reframing the deficit mindset: first-generation students and concurrentenrollment," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 2020.[12] G. Menezes, C. Bowen, J. Dong, L. Thompson, N. Warter-Perez, S. Heubach, D

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Zebin Pepin; Douglas E. Dow

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., Texas A&M University System RELLIS Campus; Celeste Arden Riley, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Jeffrey John Hatala, West Texas A&M University; Andrew Crawford, Tarleton State University; London Knight, West Texas A&M University; Victoria June Vinzant, Texas A&M University - Kingsville

, Tarleton State UniversityLondon Knight, West Texas A&M UniversityVictoria June Vinzant, Texas A&M University - Kingsville ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 1 Intersection of Design and Society: Student and Faculty Reflection on an Interdisciplinary CourseJames K. Nelson Andrew S. CrawfordRELLIS Academic Alliance Mechanical Engineering Technology StudentTexas A&M University System Tarleton State UniversityCeleste A. Riley

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Gregory J. Mazzaro, The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

laboratory uniting circuit and system concepts," in IEEE MTT-S Intl. Microw. Symp. Digest, Baltimore, MD, USA, June 1998.[7] D. Hite, C. Murphy and N. Singh, "A relatively inexpensive 5.8 GHz microwave system for exploring electromagnetic phenomena in laboratories," Universal J. Eng. Sci., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 43-48, 2014.[8] M. A. Jensen, R. H. Selfridge and K. F. Warnick, "System-level microwave design projects," IEEE Ant. Propag. Magazine, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 138-142, Oct. 2001.[9] F. T. Ulaby and B. L. Hauck, "Undergraduate electromagnetics laboratory: An invaluable part of the learning process," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 55-62, Jan. 2000.[10] R. Bansal, "Teaching fundamentals of electromagnetics in the context of

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 5: Student-based Recommendations to Increase Accessibility in Undergraduate Engineering Programs

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Emily Violet Landgren, University of Texas at Austin; Maura Borrego, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Zoom meeting code.” Instances like this were made more difficult by thepandemic, because remote staff meant that office phones went unanswered, and there would notbe a way to reach someone quickly as mentioned by Participant 8. When Participant 10 started the process to get accommodations in January, he was notgranted any until April. In the “multiple months before I got anything – I was just hanging in thebalance.” In addition to the time he waited for his accommodation appointment, he also had towait two months prior to get tested for ADHD, for which he needed a formalized diagnosis inorder to be approved for accommodations. Not only did these wait times impact Participant 10’s access to accommodations, but he“would’ve gotten

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Marlon Jost; Umme Hani Bootwala; Don Heiman; Haridas Kumuraku

REFERENCES possibility of cheating the game Neither we nor our testers have [1] Creative Classroom Challenges: Educational Puzzles for All. (2023, yet been able to find a way of cheating the game, short of using October 10). Brainy Casuals Puzzle. https://brainycasuals.com/educational-games/educational- excessive force. However, we recommend that only one switch puzzles/creative-classroom-challenges-educational-puzzles-for-all/ be flipped at a time to guarantee the stability of the internal [2] Olwan, S., & Connolly, M. (2024, July 26). Games and Activities to Suit digital logic

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Steven Bercik; Mehmet Furkan Baylan; Ansa Brew-Smith; Don Heiman; Bala Maheswaran; Haridas Kumarakuru

electronics.combination of 4 sequential bits set by player-2. After player-1makes their guess of the 4-bits, they receive instantaneous Students who investigate this game may also experimentfeedback from a row of LEDs telling them how many bits were with different configurations of logic gates and observe howchosen incorrectly, but not which ones were incorrect. Using this these changes affect the device's behavior. This process wouldinformation, player-1 makes a second guess for the 4 bits and help reinforce theoretical knowledge through practicalreceives second feedback from the LEDs. Player-1 gets a total of application. Due to the strategic nature of the game, studentsfour trial guesses to find player-2’s original 4

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Safeena Khanam

. language understanding,” NAACL-HLT, 2019. • However, both methods failed to generate relevant [13] S. Reimers and I. Gurevych, “Sentence-BERT: Sentence embeddings using Siamese BERT-networks,” EMNLP, 2019. responses for Queries 4 and 5, suggesting that [14] Q. Zhu et al., “Efficient context retrieval in dialogue systems using neural certain queries may require alternative embedding similarity,” ACL, 2021. optimization strategies or more comprehensive [15] H. Jeon et al., “Memory-efficient transformer architectures for long- training data. context NLP,” ICLR

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Abdullah Al Hossain Newaz; Zheng Li

, [10] https://hub.qmplus.qmul.ac.uk/group/chromium/cobalt-chromium-alloy Thierry Judet, Michel Bonnin, Jean-Alain, Colombier and Sheldon S. [11] Yi Lu, Wenshuang Li, Jianfeng Zhou, Yi Ren, Xuefen Wang, Jun Li, Lin, Foot Ankle Int 2008 29: 1117. Shu Zhu,Strengthening and toughening behaviours and mechanisms of[2] Total ankle replacement Design evolution and results Alexander VAN carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composites (CF/PEEK), DEN HEUVEL, Saskia VAN BOUWEL, Greta DEREYMAEKER. Composites Communications,Volume 37,2023,101397, ISSN 2452

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Rudra Mitra; Intiser Islam; Shariar Islam Saimon; Xingguo Xiong

model, the impact of the expert's decisions on it has to be made. The company refinements required to increase Fig. 8. X-ray of a pneumonia-affected lung and a healthy lung (Sample robustness in diverse clinical environments are promising. images) for model 2. Model 2 exhibits Greater accuracy, manages incomplete data,resilient. In model 2 ResNet18's advanced feature extraction on complete patient data and thus provides a more robust andsurpasses that of a basic CNN. Moreover, Bayesian reasoning interpretable AI-based healthcare solution. Real-case scenariosprovides clinically interpretable predictions