Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Effects on Student Learning

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Ortegon, Universidad Icesi

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

members of the team composed of students from the UniversidadIcesi and the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali participating in the SolarDecathlon for Latin America & Caribbean 2015 was carried out three timesduring the competition: at the beginning stage, in the middle of the project, and atthe end of the competition. The goal was to analyze the attainment of studentoutcomes and their development over time. This team was comprised of 40students from eight professional disciplines (including four industrial engineeringstudents) for more than a year. Furthermore, this study presents how theinterdisciplinary composition of the team evolved throughout the development ofthe project in order to fulfill the requirements of the competition. The

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Elzomor, Arizona State University; Kristen Parrish, Arizona State University; Chelsea Mann, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #15342Positioning Students to Understand Urban Sustainability Strategies throughVertical Integration: Years 1 through 3Mr. Mohamed Elzomor, Arizona State University Mohamed grew up in Cairo, Egypt. Following college graduation in 2006 from American University in Cairo (AUC), he worked for several consultancy firms. He then joined a leading real estate corporation where he elevated to the post of a Deputy Project Manager for an office park project worth over hundred million USD. After completing his Masters of Engineering in Construction at the AUC, Mohamed could not bear the thought of leaving the School and so

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Darwin; Joseph Patrick Kale, Bucknell University; Michael S. Thompson, Bucknell University; Margot A Vigeant, Bucknell University; Alan Cheville, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #15447MAKER: A Maker Space Smart Badging SystemJulie DarwinMr. Joseph Patrick Kale, Bucknell UniversityProf. Michael S. Thompson, Bucknell University Prof. Thompson is an associate professor in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Bucknell University, in Lewisburg, PA. While his teaching responsibilities typically include digital design, computer engineering electives, and senior design, his focus in the classroom is to ignite passion in his students for engineering and design through his own enthusiasm, open-ended student-selected projects, and connecting engineering to the world around

Conference Session

Size, Civility, and the Classroom Culture: Setting Class Tone with a Student-centered Perspective

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dimitra Michalaka P.E., The Citadel; Michael Golub, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Education, 2016 Effective building and development of student teamwork using personality types in engineering coursesAbstractEngineers have a high calling of contributing to the betterment of humanity. Engineering projectshave become more complicated in recent years. One solution to solving complex problems andworking on engineering projects is team building. Competent and effective team buildingrequires time and effort in the workplace or school. To best prepare students to meet theengineering profession’s demands and the needs of experienced professionals, teamwork andteam building need to be taught in the educational system. Teamwork is also a necessarycomponent of an engineering education. This paper presents

Collection

2016 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Jinmyun Jo

Preheating Effect on the Friction Stir Welding Jinmyun Jo Department of Engineering Virginia State University, Petersburg, VirginiaOne of the primary emphases of the engineering senior projects is to provide researchexperiences to senior students who plan to go to engineering graduate schools. This presentationdiscusses the process used and the results obtained during proposing and executing a researchproject. Preheating effect on the friction stir welding (FSW) process was proposed as the topicof the senior researches in which preheating effects were investigated using a sand insulator anddonor material. Thermal

Conference Session

Design throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin Edin Grimheden, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

to integrating academic and professionalskills in European higher engineering programs in light of the relatively recent conversion tothe three cycle system. The study has been performed in a Mechanical Engineering programat KTH, in Stockholm, Sweden, where one of the main issues has been the addition of newlearning goals relating to scientific methods and research.The author presents three models for how research and scientific methods can be integratedwith engineering work in a thesis project context. We show that it is indeed possible toperform the integration synergistically, providing the various sets of requirements are clearlycommunicated particularly to any industrial representatives.Introduction: professional and academic

Collection

2016 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Liz Cox; Barbra Sobhani

generation is acategory which intersects with other underrepresented categories in STEM such asgender, race, ethnicity and persons with disabilities, yet is often an invisible category inmost educational programs. Red Rocks Community College, Lakewood, CO, inpartnership with Colorado School of Mines, is piloting a multifaceted approach to makethis invisible minority visible through engineering projects that are relevant to the lives ofLIFG students.This paper describes a larger project to go beyond the deficiency model (lens used todefine LIFG students by what they lack) in order to create spaces for LIFG students tovalidate their funds of knowledge (those skills, abilities and experiences developedthrough manual labor, military, non white-collar

Conference Session

Design Throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, United Arab Emirates University; Farag K. Omar, United Arab Emirates University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Designing with Lessons from the Machine Design Course: A Capstone Experience Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan and Farag K. Omar Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain United Arab EmiratesKey Words: Machine Design, Capstone Project, Impact of Designed ArtefactsAbstract:Extensive procedures and complex calculations involved in the Machine Designcourses make the students feel dull. To enthuse the students there is a need to haveinspiring capstone projects that

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg S Mowry, University of St. Thomas; Camille M George, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

and Alterna- tives Laboratory. He is the recent recipient of a major $2.1M microgrid research project from the Xcel Energy Renewable Development Fund. Dr. Mowry’s research interests vary widely. His current research is focused on reliable, robust, and economic microgrids, alternative energy systems, power electronics, graphene, and biofuels. Microgrids have a wide variety of commercial and humanitarian applications. Humanitarian microgrid projects require non-traditional design approaches since their operation requires minimal human intervention and maintenance. Furthermore, users typically become dependent on the reliable operation of these systems hence premature failures can have serious negative consequences.Dr

Conference Session

1st and 2nd Year Instruction in Design

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory A. Cooper, United States Air Force; Michael Lawrence Anderson, United States Air Force; Daniel D. Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Joseph M. Fulton, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kristin L. Wood, Singapore University of Technology and Design

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Designettes in Capstone: Characterizing the Impact of Early Design Experiences in Capstone Education with Emphasis on Designette Project Choice Cory A. Cooper,a Michael L. Anderson,a Daniel D. Jensen,a Joseph M. Fulton,a Kristin L. Woodb a United States Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA b Singapore University of Technology and Design, SingaporeAbstractFull engineering design experiences often require months to accomplish. In an effort toincorporate design, design thinking, and design innovation into curriculum without consumingextensive time, the use of shortened design

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Diversity Issues in K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miles J. Mabey, Arizona State University; Micah Lande, Arizona State University; Shawn S. Jordan, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

thinking, making and design innovation project courses. Dr. Lande researches how technical and non-technical people learn and apply design thinking and mak- ing processes to their work. He is interested in the intersection of designerly epistemic identities and vocational pathways. Dr. Lande received his B.S in Engineering (Product Design), M.A. in Education (Learning, Design and Technology) and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering (Design Education) from Stan- ford University. Dr. Lande is the PI on the NSF-funded projectShould Makers Be the Engineers of the Future? He is a co- PI on the NSF-funded projects:Might Young Makers Be the Engineers of the Future?,I-Corps for Learn- ing:Leveraging Maker Pathways to Scale Steam

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Spencer Seung Kim, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

nominated for the Eisenhart Award for Outstanding Teaching, RIT’s premiere teach- ing award at RIT. Dr. Kim has directed numerous undergraduate research projects and several students won the first place in the undergraduate and graduate research competitions at the 2012 and 2013 GPEC (Global Plastics Environment Conference; Division of Society of Plastics Engineers).Prof. Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE) Professor Dell is an associate professor in the Manufacturing & Mechanical Engineering Technology department at RIT. She serves as the Faculty Associate to the Provost for Women Faculty and is co-PI for RIT’s NSF ADVANCE project. Her research interests include: characterization of biodegradable

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Hernandez, California State University Los Angeles; Pearl Chen, California State University, Los Angeles; Christine C. Clemmons, California State University, Los Angeles; Jianyu Jane Dong, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

, California State University, Los Angeles Jianyu Dong is a professor in electrical and computer engineering at CSULA. Her area of expertise is video compression/communication, multimedia networks, QoS, etc. As the PI of the NSF CCLI Project entitled ”Enhancing undergraduate computer networking curriculum using remote project-based learn- ing,” she works closely with colleagues from computer science to redesign the network curriculum to integrate project-based and inquiry-based learning. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Addressing the Learning Needs of Minority Students in Engineering through Participatory DesignAbstractThis paper provides

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chip W Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Paul M Yanik, Western Carolina University; Yanjun Yan, Western Carolina University; Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

integrated ProjectBased Learning (PBL), and undergraduate research experiences. The SPIRIT Scholar programattracted a diverse group of Engineering and Engineering Technology students, thus increasingthe percentage of female and minority student participation as compared to the host departmentprogram demographics. Over the last academic year, fifty-four undergraduate researchprojects/activities were conducted by the twenty-seven scholars under the direction of twelvefaculty fellows. Additionally, peer-to-peer mentorship and student leadership were developedthrough the program’s vertically integrated PBL model, which incorporated four courses andseven small-group design projects. Academic and professional support for the student scholarswere

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Won Joo, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Paper ID #17446Work in Progress: Hands-On Practice of Implant Surgery Using ArtificialBone in Design CourseDr. Won Joo, Robert Morris University Won Joo is an Assistant Professor of engineering department at Robert Morris University, Pa. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Case Western Reserve University, and joined RMU after 8 years of R&D experience in medical device industry. He has been teaching and developing course and research project on material and biological tissue biomechanics area. He is currently conducting applied research in computational biomechanics with hospitals and research institutes

Conference Session

Circuits & Systems Education II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Danowitz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Antonio Leija, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Thecourse material developed for this portion of the class will be posted online so that othereducators may use it in their teaching.The second part of this paper discusses some of the projects proposed and completed by students,and any difficulties the students faced along the way. From two weeks into the class, students areasked to form groups of up to four and propose a final project. For their final project, students arerequired to design and build a complete working system of their choice. Their final project isrequired to make use of both the processor running RTOS and at least one custom IP blockrunning on the FPGA.In the final section of this paper I examine student feedback for the course, and comment onsome of the challenges I faced in

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Materials

was director of the (Engineers in Technical Humanitarian Opportunities of Service-Learning) for approximately ten years. She has incorporated service-learning projects into her classes and laboratories since she started teaching in 2000. Her research interests include community engaged learning and pedagogy, K-12 outreach, biomaterials and materials testing and analysis. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016Special Interest Section of a Core Mechanical Engineering Course – Biomaterial Emphasis of an Introduction to Materials CourseABSTRACTThe University of Dayton (UD) is part of the Kern Entrepreneurship Education Network (KEEN)which aims to instill the entrepreneurial mindset in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Priya Manohar, Robert Morris University; Walter W Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering; Peter Y Wu, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

of Video Case Studies for use incourses that impart knowledge on SV&V topics viz. requirements engineering, software reviews,configuration management, and software testing. Four key skill areas sought after by employers,namely communication skills, applied knowledge of methods, applied knowledge of tools, andresearch exposure are used to drive the development funded by a National Science Foundationgrant and perfected through an industry-academia partnership.In this paper, we discuss in detail the four project plans the researchers and their industrycounterparts followed over the past two years in the development and eventual dissemination ofactive learning tools. A course enhancement plan was used to drive activities related toreviewing

Conference Session

Space Side of Aerospace

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas W. Arrington, Texas A&M University; Nicolas Federico Hurst, Texas A&M 2015 Capstone Design Spacecraft; David B. Kanipe, Texas A&M University; Joanna M. Schiefelbein , Texas A&M University; David Charles Hyland, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Paper ID #16714Concept of a Human-Attended Lunar OutpostMr. Thomas W. Arrington, Texas A&M University Thomas Arrington worked as the student Project Manager for the Human Attended Lunar Outpost senior design project for the the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Texas A&M University in College Station. He has interned with Boeing Research and Technology three times, and was an active member of the Texas A&M University Sounding Rocketry Team.Mr. Nicolas Federico Hurst, Texas A&M 2015 Capstone Design Spacecraft Nico Hurst is a student of Texas A&M University. He recently graduated from the Aerospace

Conference Session

Active Learning and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Jay R Porter, Texas A&M University; Dakotah M. Karrer, Texas A&M University; Vincent Michael Rodriguez, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

start-up venture. He received his BS degree in electrical engineering (1975) from California State University, Sacramento, and his MS (1980) and DE (1983) degrees in industrial engineering from Texas A&M University. His educa- tion and research interests include project management, innovation and entrepreneurship, and embedded product/system development.Dr. Jay R Porter P.E., Texas A&M University Jay R. Porter joined the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution at Texas A&M University in 1998 and is currently a Professor in the ESET program and the Associate Department Head for Undergraduate Studies. He received the BS degree in electrical engineering (1987), the MS degree in

Conference Session

Proven Strategies in Classroom Engagement Part II: Activities for Creative Pedagogy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Celio Biering P.E., Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy; Joseph P Hanus, U.S. Military Academy; Rahul Verma P.E., United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Academy seeks to educate and inspire their civil engineering studentsthrough a rigorous and realistic academic program. One of the cornerstone courses in theprogram is a Construction Management Course that incorporates a variety of hands-on, real-world, learning challenges. The objective of the first third of the course is for the students togain a foundational understanding of the basics of construction management to include projectbidding, contract mechanisms, scheduling, estimating, and project controls. The topics arepresented in a traditional classroom environment. The students are then challenged in the nextthird of the course to apply those construction management skills in a hands-on constructionsimulation exercise identified as the

Collection

2016 ERC

Authors

Faye Farmer

3rd ASU (NSF) 7 pre- 3 full 1 site visit 1 awardproposals proposals (8) (3) (~200) (18) ASU NSF ERC full proposal - Highlights• Formal meeting for interested faculty & teams• Submitted 7 preliminary proposals• Competitive landscape analysis (current award and topics)• Submitted 3 full proposals – Team 1 – project manager + RA, – Team 2 – proposal manager + RA, – Team 3 – project & proposal manager + RA ASU NSF ERC full proposal - Highlights• Single point of contact with sponsor• Editing, graphics, writing varied by team• Pink & Red Teams completed for all 3 teams• Cost share & institutional support was equitable across all teams

Conference Session

Writing and Communication II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Bernadette Longo, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Dave M. Kmiec, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

(forthcoming in 2016 fromIEEE Wiley Press) provides an alternative view of engineering communication that can be used byengineering communication teachers because it presents project documents within their workflow.1Central to the document workflow approach is bringing the authors of the documents into thediscussion of how engineering communication is constructed. The IEEE Guide is supplemented withonline resources that will be available at the IEEE Professional Communication Society webpage(pcs.ieee.org). These resources include a suite of document workflows that cover engineering andtechnology projects that are annotated and narrated by the professional engineers who produced them.These individuals can speak to the process by which the documents are

Conference Session

Faculty Unite! Effective Ways for Educators to Collaborate Successfully

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Keshwani, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Krista Lynn Adams, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

class projects. Cross-disciplinary experiences betweenengineering and education students have shown potential to help students developcommunication skills [3, 4]. In addition, students develop self-efficacy in their discipline throughparticipating in cross-disciplinary experiences [5]. Cross-disciplinary experiences also helpstudents learn to value expertise outside their area of study and appreciate the limitations andconstraints of information in other fields [6]. Course instructors can also benefit from sharingresponsibility for a course and learning about other disciplines [7].The unfamiliarity of cross-disciplinary activities can lead to frustrations despite their manybenefits. Students often struggle to connect topics from other

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division: Sustainability and Hands-On Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Butkus, U.S. Military Academy; Jeffrey A. Starke, U.S. Military Academy; Phil Dacunto P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Kimberly Quell

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Waste Technologies, and Environmental Engineering Seminar. LTC Starke has published over 10 peer reviewed research arti- cles and has presented his research at national and international meetings (most recently Portugal). Most recently, he led a service learning project with 5 students to build a latrine-based biogas system in west- ern Uganda for an elementary school of 1400 students. LTC Starke is a registered Professional Engineer (Delaware), member of several professional associations, and is a member of the National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES).Lt. Col. Phil Dacunto P.E., U.S. Military Academy LTC Phil Dacunto is an Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering at the United States

Conference Session

Research Methods I: Developing Research Tools and Methods

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Quardokus Fisher, Oregon State University; Laura Hirshfield, University of Michigan; Amanda Siebert-Evenstone, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Golnaz Arastoopour Irgens, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #16950Network Analysis of Interactions between Students and an Instructor duringDesign MeetingsDr. Kathleen Quardokus Fisher, Oregon State University Dr. Kathleen Quardokus Fisher is a postdoctoral scholar at Oregon State University. She is currently participating in a project that supports the use of evidence-based instructional practices in undergraduate STEM courses through developing communities of practice. Her research interests focus on understanding how organizational change occurs in higher education with respect to teaching and learning in STEM courses.Dr. Laura Hirshfield, University of Michigan

Conference Session

Labs & Hands-on Instruction I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Meehan, Virginia Tech; Andrew Phillips, The University of Glasgow

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Glasgow College, UESTC (formerly known as the UoG-UESTC Joint School). Both institutions of higher learning are located in Chengdu, China. Thestudents were Chinese nationals who were in the process of building their knowledge oftechnical English. Three laboratory exercises and one design project were developed toprovide opportunities for hands-on learning and to allow the students to explore their ownideas on solid-state lighting applications. The labs and project assigned are described alongwith the intended learning outcomes and a summary of student evaluations. Plannedimprovements to the labs and project, which will be incorporated in the when the course isoffered again in the summer of 2016, will also be discussed. I. BackgroundThe

Conference Session

Emerging Computing and Information Technologies I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chafic Bousaba, Guilford College; Tiera Kazar, Guilford College; Will C. Pizio, Guilford College

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

Paper ID #14777Wireless Network Security Using Raspberry PiDr. Chafic BouSaba, Guilford College * Joined Guilford College in January 2008 * Serves as Assistant Professor in the Computing Technology and information Systems.Ms. Tiera Kazar, Guilford College I am a current student at Guilford College in the Computing Technology & Information Systems depart- ment. I am working on a Capstone project that will be submitted to the ASEE. The project focuses on Wireless Network Security using a Raspberry Pi.Dr. Will C. Pizio, Guilford College I am currently an Associate Professor of Justice and Policy Studies at Guilford

Collection

2016 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

John M. Santiago; Jing Guo

2016 ASEE Rocky Mountain Section Conference A System Engineering Approach for Implementing An Electrical or Computer Engineering Master’s Capstone Course John M. Santiago, Jr., Ph.D. and Jing Guo, D.Eng. Colorado Technical University (CTU), College of Engineering Colorado Springs, COAbstractThe paper presents how an electrical or computer engineering Master’s capstone courseincorporates system engineering concepts. The project in the capstone course attempts toprovide a balance among technical merit, system-level thinking, and improved communicationskills. The student has an opportunity to integrate

Conference Session

That's a Great Idea! Learning-focused Methods to Revitalize Your Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rob Sleezer, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Twin Cities; Jacob John Swanson, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Rebecca A Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

in 1993. She is currently a Professor in the Department of Integrated Engineering program at Minnesota State University, Mankato, home of the Iron Range and Twin Cities Engineering programs. She is also a program director at the National Science Foundation for TCUP and HBCU-UP in the Division of Human Resource Development. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Using Failure to Teach DesignAbstractLearning from failure during large ill-defined design projects provides students withopportunities to practice their abilities to explore other solutions, demonstrate that a requiredfeature may violate physics, and propose design changes. This learning requires