Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 4- COVID and Virtual Learning

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessie Marshall Zarazaga, Southern Methodist University; Janille Smith-Colin, Southern Methodist University; Cindy Hua

were less familiar with both on-campus and off-campus.In the undergraduate class, data was collected through reflection questions embedded in thecourse final exam. First, students were asked to reflect on what they believed would have beendifferent about their site observations and data collection efforts had we not experienced theeffects of the COVID pandemic (see Figure 1). Second, students were asked to imagine thatduring their site visits, they might have had the chance to interview local stakeholders about theirexperience with civil infrastructure in their communities, whom would they have interviewed.While for virtual students their study-site was their home neighborhood, even those living oncampus were limited to campus-adjacent

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deniz Nikkhah, University of California, Irvine; David Copp, University of California, Irvine; Kameryn Denaro; Natascha Buswell, University of California, Irvine; Gregory Diggs-Yang, University of California, Irvine; Hye Rin Lee; Lorenzo Valdevit; Anna-Lena Dicke, University of California, Irvine

mentoring the next generation. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership inLearning, 27(4), 439–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2019.1649921[6] Belotto, M. (2018). Data Analysis Methods for qualitative research: Managing the challenges of coding,interrater reliability, and thematic analysis. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3492[7] Mentoring across cultures. Mentoring Across Cultures | Tomorrow's Professor Postings. (n.d.). RetrievedFebruary 4, 2022, from https://tomprof.stanford.edu/posting/839[8] Manthiram, K., & Edwards, K. M. (2021, July 26). Reflections on the mentor-mentee relationship. OUPAcademic. Retrieved March 17, 2022, from https://academic.oup.com/jpids/article/10/11/1040/6328551?login=false

Conference Session

ETD - A Technology Potpourri I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn Barger; Ron Eaglin, Daytona State College; Sam Ajlani

3046 Metrology & Instrumentation ETS4502C engineering economics. These options reflect Programmable Logic Applications ETS 3543C the flexibility embedded in the A.S. Project Management/senior design ETI4448 Engineering Technology degree available in 23 Project Manage/senior design II ETG4950C state colleges in Florida. This 60-credit hour Statics EGN 3311 course of study includes a first-year 18-credit *4 credit hour hour Core followed by a 30-credit hour specialization. Specialization choices includeAdvanced Manufacturing; Advanced Technology; Alternative Energy

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jill Nelson, George Mason University; Jessica Rosenberg; Sarah Ochs, George Mason University

study if and how instructors engage in intentional action (Hauk et al., 2021), as well asexploring the importance of students’ in-class social interactions in instructors’ decisions aboutclass format and their readiness for change.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under AwardNo. 1821589 (DUE). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.ReferencesFreeman, Scott, Sarah L. Eddy, Miles McDonough, Michelle K. Smith, Nnadozie Okoroafor,Hannah Jordt, and Mary Pat Wenderoth. 2014. “Active Learning Increases Student Performancein Science, Engineering, and

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Division Technical Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Allain, Pennsylvania State University

practice of engineering istypically directed towards design of engineering systems, ranging from small to large scale, andeven complex systems of systems [5]. Systems thinking is essential for engineers to understandhow systems work and the factors influencing the function of the system [6], a frameworknecessary to understand complex problems. Through the application of engineering systemsprinciples and using systems design, students in the MELP program will acquire the knowledgeand skills necessary for the understanding of policy and law as a system and how law, policy,and engineering converge. Students will also develop skills for the analysis of complex systemsproblems, characterized by multi-stakeholder engagements reflecting the complexity of

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sreyoshi Bhaduri, Amazon; Lilianny Virguez, University of Florida; Michelle Soledad, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Debarati Basu

Paper ID #38003WIP - Retention of women in engineering professoriate : ASystematic ReviewMichelle Soledad (Assistant Professor) Michelle Soledad is an Assistant Professor in the Iron Range Engineering - Bell Program at Minnesota State University, Mankato. She holds degrees in Electrical Engineering (BS, MEngg) from the Ateneo de Davao University in Davao City, Philippines, and in Engineering Education (Ph.D.) from Virginia Tech. Her research interests include teaching and learning experiences in fundamental engineering courses, and data-informed reflective practice. Michelle's professional experience includes

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Maher, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Darran Cairns, West Virginia University; John Kevern, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Jacob Marszalek, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Kathleen O'Shea

through fall semester 2021As part of the program intake protocol, we interviewed KCURE Fellows about their previousand ongoing pandemic experiences as it pertained to their educational (e.g., “Before COVID-19,what did you think the upcoming school year would be like?”; “What do now anticipate thisschool year will be like for you?”) and personal (e.g., “What has your daily life been like duringCOVID-19?”; “Tell me about your family’s experience during COVID-19”) experiences.Nine (of 13; 69%) were retained through the fall 2021 semester and were re-interviewed at thebeginning of the fall 2021 semester. Questions paralleled earlier previous ones regarding theongoing pandemic experiences as reflected within educational and personal arenas.We applied

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Mahmoud, Mt. San Antonio College; Carolyn Robinson, Mt. San Antonio Community College; Brandon Saller, Mt San Antonio College

-generation college students, older than 22, working 30 hours aweek, members of historically marginalized and disproportionately impacted communities,commuting for long distances, and supporting dependent children or family members. Despitethese challenges, community colleges outpace universities in enrollment and graduation ofengineering technicians. These contrasting realities reflect the promise and opportunity ofcommunity college programs to improve the educational and professional outcomes ofengineering technology students.Mt. San Antonio College (Mt. SAC) is an open admissions community college in SouthernCalifornia. Mt. SAC is the largest community college in California, serving more than 66,000students annually, and offering the most

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio

material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under GrantNo. 2151404 and 1944807. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe National Science Foundation.References[1] G. Anzaldúa, Borderlands: la frontera. San Francisco: Aunt Lute, 1987.[2] L. P. Huber, "Disrupting apartheid of knowledge: Testimonio as methodology in Latina/o critical race research in education," International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 639-654, 2009.[3] D. Delgado Bernal, R. Burciaga, and J. Flores Carmona, "Chicana/Latina testimonios: Mapping the methodological, pedagogical

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University; Matthew Runyon, Texas A&M University; Julie Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kimberly Talley, Texas State University; Kristi Shryock, Texas A&M University; Vimal Viswanathan, San Jose State University; Benjamin Caldwell, LeTourneau University

other news sources. Hammond is dedicated to diversity and equity, reflected in her publications,research, teaching, service, and mentoring. She has also been recently appointed as the Speaker-Elect of the FacultySenate. More at http://srl.tamu.edu and http://ieei.tamu.edu. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Changing Homework Achievement with Mechanix Pedagogy: A RecapAbstractIt is challenging to effectively educate in large classes with students from a multitude ofbackgrounds. Many introductory engineering courses in universities have hundreds of students,and some online classes are even larger. Instructors in these circumstances often

Conference Session

ERM: Mental Health and Wellness

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cortney Holles, Colorado School of Mines

informed consent for this IRB-exempt study and the named participantsfrom interviews and focus groups were invited to member check my analysis to confirm theaccuracy of my use of their ideas and stories. For educational criticism, the important validityfactors are structural corroboration and referential adequacy. Uhrmacher et al. describedstructural corroboration as an analysis that “makes sense” and provides “a coherent, persuasivewhole picture” [38, p. 59]. Confirming my stories with the participants through memberchecking and considering the outliers in my data analysis helped me formulate and reflect on thefindings. Referential adequacy means readers could draw connections to their own experiencesand situations through the new understanding I

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University; Sam Spiegel, Colorado School of Mines; Deb Jordan, Colorado School of Mines; Megan Sanders, Colorado School of Mines

focus within our Center. For an evaluation that is scheduled over an extended timeperiod, it is important to critically reflect at the start of each new phase to ensure that the evaluation 3results will continue to align with the goals of The Center. While hopefully disruptions as majoras the COVID-19 pandemic will not occur again in the near future, smaller disruptions can alsorequire adaptation and flexibility.Lesson #2: Snapshot in Time. Tied to the idea of pivoting, but thinking more longitudinally, it isimportant to recognize and understand that any evaluation takes place at a specific moment in time.During initial planning discussions with The Center, there was a general sentiment that

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Best of Works in Progress

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bryan Ranger, Babcock & Wilcox Company; Avneet Hira, Boston College; Brian Smith, Babcock & Wilcox Company; Xiang Zhang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Brian Anthony, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

, linear rail and stepper motor for transducer positioning, dataacquisition setup, and immersion imaging tank. The tank will be designed to support scanning ofsmall objects and phantoms. As a platform, this configuration offers the most flexibility whilemaintaining scalability to investigate and teach more complex data acquisition scenarios bychanging the transducer and positioning configurations. Demonstrating accurate characterizationof the positioning mechanism combined with data processing techniques while imagingcalibrated objects reflects on the importance of testing and validation in the device designprocess, which are particularly important in healthcare scenarios. There is a fundamental needfor students to connect theoretical knowledge to

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Secil Akinci-Ceylan, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Rocio Chavela Guerra, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University

Lecture videos Readings Readings Readings Readings Quizzes Quizzes Quizzes Quizzes Discussion forum Discussion forum Discussion forum Discussion forum Case studies Case studies Discussion prompts (lecture Discussion prompts Embedded quizzes in Resource guide reflection) Surveys (pre- & post-assessment) lectures Surveys & case studies Games Student resources Student resources

Conference Session

ERM: Conceptualizations of Engineering and Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto; Kimia Moozeh, University of Toronto; Nikita Dawe, University of Toronto; Rubaina Khan, University of Toronto

, Teaching Stream)Nikita Dawe PhD Candidate, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering and Collaborative Specialization in Engineering Education, University of TorontoRubaina Khan Rubaina Khan is a doctoral candidate at the University of Toronto, Canada. Her research interests lie at the intersection of engineering design, learning communities and reflective practice. Prior, to pursuing graduate studies, Rubaina spent 10 years in autonomous marine vehicles research and, teaching robotics and design to engineering students in Singapore. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Conceptualizing First Principles

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claes Fredriksson; Boel Ekergard

three months earlier in a previous coursemodule, so it is considered an informed self-assessment. This (Question A) answers the firstresearch question of the paper. The second research question addresses the perceivedrelevance of materials knowledge for their education (Question C). This was rated evenhigher by both student groups, 4.1-4.4 for the undergraduates and 4.2-4.3 for the graduatestudents.The relatively high level of interest might be explained by the strong perception of relevance,but it is interesting to note that both aspects dropped slightly in both groups following thecomputer lab itself. Possibly influenced by the assignment effort preceeding the post surveybut perhaps also reflecting a disappointment regarding the acquired

Conference Session

WIED: Partnering with and Supporting the WIED Community

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melanie Villatoro, New York City College of Technology

resources to succeed academically andprofessionally, provides positive role models, and engages participants in community outreach.IntroductionThe U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics reports the employment of architecture and engineeringoccupations is projected to grow 6 percent from 2020 to 2030; with most job growth in this groupfor engineering occupations [1]. Recruitment and retention of women and minorities is criticalto closing the predicted gap in the nation’s STEM workforce. Women make up about one half ofthe population and Hispanics about 19%. More so, the projected number of Hispanics in the UnitedStates is expected to double by 2060 [2]. Representation of these groups is not reflected in theSTEM fields, and we must take action to promote

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - NAE Grand Challenges, Graduate Students, Sustainability, and Makerspaces

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rea Lavi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; M. Mehdi Salek; Amitava Mitra, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Rebecca Shepardson; Justin Lavallee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Gregory Long, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Nathan Melenbrink, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

expandingpopulation with longer life expectancies, increasing migration and displacement, and loomingthreats of terrorism and nuclear deployment [1] [2]. Indeed, industry now seeks employees withnon-technical skills that are traditionally not acquired during traditional undergraduate engineeringeducation, such as creativity and collaboration [3], [4]. The need for students to acquire these 21stcentury skills is reflected in papers published by the Organization for Economic Co-Development—OECD [5] and the US National Research Council—NRC [6]. More specifically inengineering higher education, the ABET [7] student outcomes also list some of these skills.However, students’ academic achievement levels rarely correspond to their respective levels of21st century

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Chapman, University of San Diego

students gathered together with their laboratory mentors andpresented their work. Each student presented for 15 minutes and gave an overview of: thebackground and significance related to their project, scientific methods, results, discussion,conclusions and next steps, and a personal reflection on their time abroad. The programconcluded a week after their final presentations and all students traveled together back to theU.S. Upon their return, all 6 students presented their work at the annual Biomedical EngineeringSociety Meeting in October of 2021.Program evaluationAn external evaluation of all program activities took place at the end of the first year. Thisevaluation focused on student perceptions of program activities, personal and professional

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jarvie-Eggart, Michigan Technological University; Alfred Owusu-Ansah, Michigan Technological University; Shari Stockero

with each coding cycle. Two researchers independentlycoded each interview, and then met to compare coding and resolve any differences. Codes wereapplied to blocks of texts composed of single or multiple sentences that articulated a single idearelated to technology adoption. As text passages sometimes reflected the concepts representedwithin more than one code, the simultaneous coding technique was utilized, in which two ormore codes may be applied to the same text passages [19].PositionalityAll researchers work at the study site. The lead author is a professional engineer, with a decadeof industry experience. Their engineering education research, time within industry, and shift toacademia may influence their analysis perception of the results

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jinhui Wang, University of South Alabama; Jill Motschenbacher, North Dakota State University; Amber Finley

conversation to learn about the associated fields of Chinese politics, economy,history or archaeology. As a part of these critical conversations, the students were exposed to theChinese culture and people. At the heart of the Chinese civilization is its rich heritage of novels,short stories, poetry, drama, and, more recently, film. The artistic pieces reflect the values, thestruggles, the sensibility, the joys, and the sorrows of Chinese people, which often offers insightsinto even the most intimate feelings of people. These works help participating students understandwhat was behind the language, what makes the culture powerful, and how groups of peopleactually function in Chinese society. To be at ease and effective in a Chinese environment

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Visco, The University of Akron; Nidaa Makki; Erin Stevic; Joshua Phillips, The University of Akron; Elle Bonnema; Deanna Dunn, The University of Akron; Laura Carey, The University of Akron

, Zip to Industry, showedimprovements in retention rates of first-year STEM students, future research is recommended inthis area to see how similar programs may improve retention rates in larger cohorts of students aswell as in different populations of people (more rural or urban settings, different diversitymakeups, effects of program on future year retention rates, or other areas of concern in STEMretention).AcknowledgmentThis research is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation with award number#1726464. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed are those of theauthors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] X. Chen, “STEM attrition: college students’ paths

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xumin Liu; Erik Golen; Rajendra Raj, Rochester Institute of Technology (GCCIS)

my learning done through these, and the DSLP platformwas extremely useful. According to the survey results, in CSP classes, 75% students in CSPclasses agreed using the DSLP improved my understanding of data science and more than 80%students agreed for using the DSLP improved my confidence in conducting data science inquiriesand analytical tasks. In DSP class, all the students agreed these two statements.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under AwardsIUSE 2021287. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation. The authors thank Dr. Kimberly Fluet

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Na Gong, University of South Alabama; Shenghua Zha, University of South Alabama

-based research method that would be utilized in this and the following five weeks ofthe program [7]. All participants were required to participate in this learning module. Teacherswere trained to become familiar with the needed programming language, design tools, andequipment/facility, so that teachers were able to conduct basic platform operations at thebeginning of the research project. Although the lab experiments were conducted in cohorts,discussions and reflections were hosted at the class level. This was to ensure all participants’access and equity when getting ready for the research in the following weeks.Authentic Projects in Summer ProgramAfter Week 1, each teacher cohort worked with mentors and GAs to conduct research on theirspecific

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Nadia Kellam, Arizona State University; Susannah Davis, University of New Mexico

the National Science Foundation under multiplegrants in EEC 1623105, 1914578, 1915484, 1913128, and 1751369. Any opinions, findings, andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References1. Forin, T.R., Sukumaran, B., Farrell, S., Jahan, K., Bruckerhoff, T.F., and Lezotte, S., Revolutionizing engineering diversity. Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2018. DOI:10.18260/1-2-- 30035.2. Forin, T.R., Farrell, S., Jahan, K., Hartman, H., Sukumaran, B., Dusseau, R.A., Bauer, S.K., Bruckerhoff, T.F., Zeppilli, D., and Lezotte, S

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Maeng; Amanda Gonczi; Robert Handler; Hamid Nadir, University of Virginia; Whitney McCoy

from this case study suggest a need to invest inbuilding teacher confidence, knowledge, and the belief that technology-enhanced engineeringinstruction is appropriate (and necessary) at all grades in light of future educational disruptions.Funding StatementThis project was supported by Grant #1850296 awarded by the National Science FoundationInnovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers. The opinions, findings, andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect those of the NSF.ReferencesAnderson, S. E., Groulx, J. G., & Maninger, R. M. (2011). Relationships among preservice teachers' technology-related abilities, beliefs, and intentions to use technology in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University; Kerrie Douglas, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Vimal Viswanathan, San Jose State University; Vinayak Krishnamurthy; Hillary Merzdorf, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Donna Jaison, Texas A&M University; Samantha Ray, Texas A&M University; Morgan Weaver, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wayne Li, Georgia Institute of Technology

ASEE Chester F. Carlson Award, the 2020 TEES Faculty Fellows Award, and the 2011 Charles H. Barclay, Jr. '45 Faculty Fellow Award. Hammond has been featured on the Discovery Channel and other news sources. Hammond is dedicated to diversity and equity, reflected in her publications, research, teaching, service, and mentoring. She has also been recently appointed as the Speaker-Elect of the Faculty Senate. More at http://srl.tamu.edu and http://ieei.tamu.edu.Julie S Linsey (Professor) Georgia Tech © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Sketchtivity, an Intelligent Sketch Tutoring Software: Broadening

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Stein, Bethel University; Grace Riermann

curvature of the mirror. Next, the flash is turned on and thesystem is aligned by focusing the reflected light from the flash on the knife edge and centering iton the circular camera lens. In order to achieve this, the tilt of the mirror is first adjusted to bringthe focused light onto the knife edge. Then, the fine forward/backward adjustment is used tobring the light in sharp focus and the fine left/right adjustment is used to precisely center thefocused light on the camera lens, such that half of the light is blocked by the knife edge and halfis entering the lens. A video tutorial of the alignment process is posted on YouTube(https://youtu.be/fPnb1sB48YA) [12].Results Sample images of fluid flows captured with the smartphone schlieren

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5: COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons and Best Practices

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gloria Kim, University of Florida; Yong Yoon; Jin-woo Choi, Louisiana State University and A&M College

directly reflects the reducedundergraduate research opportunities brought on by the pandemic. According to a surveyconducted on undergraduate students from 17 institutions who either were doing research inSpring 2020 and/or had planned to do research during the Summer 2020, the experience wasseverely affected by significantly reduced workload or the opportunity was cancelled altogether[1].Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, analysis of the surveys administered to the 2021IRiKA cohort revealed that the learning objectives of the program were achieved in terms ofresearch and global competency. They were satisfied with the level of interaction with theresearch team, the mentoring they received, and access to research equipment. The

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Karanian, Stanford University; Mona Eskandari, University of California, Riverside; Annika Speer, University of California, Riverside; mariam salloum, University of California, Riverside

, regardless of pandemichard times, is driven by hopes to do something new. Upon close examination, attempts tocollaborate during the onset of virtual classes, and then the intermittent return to in-personclasses, may encourage a participant to reflect on the memories of prior collaborations as theytry new behaviors.Classroom groups with an entrepreneurial focus are more effective in responding tocomplexity and changes in the environment, which results in groups better overcomingchallenges and troubling circumstances. What is interesting, in the context of the studypresented in this paper, is the fact that effective collaboration is one of the factors related tooverall reports of having fun [4] and positive emotions. But what if the entire concept