Conference Session

Educational Software

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Smith, U. of St. Thomas - St. Paul

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2007-1160: A SPREADSHEET-BASED SIMULATION OF CPU INSTRUCTIONEXECUTIONRichard Smith, U. of St. Thomas - St. Paul Dr. Richard E. Smith is an assistant professor at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota. He has over 30 years of experience in computing systems, almost half of which has focused on information security. Dr. Smith has published two books in addition to numerous articles on information security. Dr. Smith earned a BS in engineering from Boston University, and an MS and PhD in computer science from the University of Minnesota. He is a member of the ACM, the ASEE, and a senior member of the IEEE

Conference Session

Online and Professional Graduate Programs

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bharani Nagarathnam, Texas A&M University; Frederick Barry Lawrence, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Paper ID #29544Global Business Management Education to Industry Professionals: A Decadeof Experiences from a Professional Graduate ProgramDr. Bharani Nagarathnam, Texas A&M University Dr. Bharani Nagarathnam is an Instructional Assistant Professor and Associate Director of Master of Industrial Distribution at the Department of Engineering Technology & Industrial Distribution at Texas A&M University. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in Industrial Distribution and man- ages the Master of Industrial Distribution (MID) program, one of the largest distance education graduate programs at Texas A&M

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 10

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abdulmalek Al-Gahmi, Weber State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

Paper ID #48329Identifying Struggling Students Using LMS DataDr. Abdulmalek Al-Gahmi, Weber State University Dr. Abdulmalek Al-Gahmi is an associate professor at the School of Computing Department of Weber State University. His teaching experience involves courses on object-oriented programming, full-stack web development, computer graphics, algorithms and data structures, and machine learning. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from New Mexico State University, M.S. in Computer Science, M.A. in Extension Education, and B.S. in Electrical Engineering. ©American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Studies of Shifting In-person Courses to Online and Students' Online Behavior

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Zhilin Zhang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Bhavya Bhavya, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Lawrence Angrave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ruihua Sui, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Rob Kooper, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Chirantan Mahipal, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Yun Huang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

and search for video content. The tool collected detailedtimestamped student behavioral data from 1,894 students across 25 engineering courses thatincluded what individual students searched for and when. A previous analysis, published inASEE 2020 [1], found that using ClassTranscribe caption search significantly predictedimprovement in final exam scores in a computer science course. In this paper we present howstudents used the search functionality based on a more detailed analysis of the log data.ClassTranscribe automatically created captions and transcripts for all lecture videos using anAzure speech-to-text system that was supplemented with crowd-sourced editing to fix captioningerrors. The search functionality used the timestamped caption

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 7

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacquelyn Williams Trost, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

designed to assist those with visualimpairments fall into two main categories, ambient assistance and active assistance. Ambientassistance technology passively monitors the user’s environment and adds information orguidance when needed. Active assistance devices, on the other hand, are those that are explicitlyactivated by the user to perform a specific task and are subsequently turned off again. Ambient assistive technology has the benefit of always being on, so it can fit seamlesslyinto the user’s environment. An example of this type of assistive technology was tested byGowda, Hajare, and Pavan [7] in which a body camera took continuous pictures of theenvironment in front of a visually impaired walker and alerted the walker through an

Conference Session

Classroom Practice II: Technology - and Game-Based Learning

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derrick S. Harkness, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello, Utah State University; Joshua Marquit, Pennsylvania State University, Brandywine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

in their educationinto participative ones by encouraging them to engage with the course material and exercise theircritical thinking skills6. Active learning enables students to be physically, emotionally,cognitively, and psychologically involved in constructing their own knowledge andunderstanding of course material1. In other words, active learning “allows students to customizetheir own pursuit of learning” and, thus, to stay connected to the knowledge they seek to use andcreate7. Active learning puts the control of understanding into the hands of the students, whereknowledge becomes less abstract and more tangible. Active learning is considered to be moreeffective in educating diverse classrooms and also to improve the retention in STEM

Conference Session

Innovative Energy Projects

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven R. Walk, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

nuances of communication, learning, interactivity, etc., that can prove helpful in your understanding of the learning dynamics in the particular lab. 7. To evaluate your own intuition and lab design skills, you might design and write a detailed lab on your own. Record comments of your logic or intent for the various procedures. Set this design aside to compare later your design results with the results of the students. Having your written design on hand will help you improve your own insight and skill in preparing lab procedures for students in your other labs. Page

Conference Session

ERM: Mentoring for Everyone! And Let's talk about Graduate Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Jensen; Julie Martin, The Ohio State University; Deepthi Suresh

Paper ID #37196Perceptions of shared experiences in mentoring relationships:a collaborative autoethnographyJulie Martin Julie P. Martin is a Fellow of ASEE and an associate professor of Engineering Education at The Ohio State University. Julie’s professional mission is to create environments that elevate and expand the research community. She is the editor- in-chief of Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, where her vision is to create a culture of constructive peer review in academic publishing. Julie is a former NSF program director for engineering education and frequently works with

Collection

2018 ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Christopher Lawrence Norve, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Shankar Muthu Krishnan, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

- terests are biomedical signals and image processing, telemedicine, medical robotics and BME education. Dr. Krishnan has co-edited the text ”Advances in Cardiac Signal Processing”, and published numer- ous papers in conference proceedings, journal papers and book chapters. He has been developing novel models in BME curriculum design, labs, interdisciplinary project-based learning, co-ops, internships and undergraduate research. Recently he served on the NSF Advisory Committee on Virtual Communities of Practice. He keeps active memberships in AAMI, ASEE, ASME, BMES, IEEE, BMES, IFMBE, and ASME. He was selected to join Phi Kappa Phi, Sigma Xi, and the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was elected as a

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa Piliouras, Technical Consulting & Research, Inc. ; Mengqian Wu, Technical Consulting Research, Inc. ; Steffi N. Crasto, Center for Advanced and Emerging Technologies (CARET); Pui Lam (Raymond) Yu, Technical Consulting & Research, Inc.; Navarun Gupta, University of Bridgeport

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

Paper ID #38614An Evidence-Based Approach for Deeper Understanding of Student, Teacher,and Learning DynamicsDr. Teresa Piliouras, Technical Consulting & Research, Inc. Dr. Teresa Piliouras is CEO and founder of Technical Consulting & Research. She is an IT consultant, educator, inventor, and author. Previously, she was an industry professor of Computer Science and Man- agement of Technology at New York University Tandon School of Engineering, and a visiting Professor of Computer Science at Iona College. She held senior management and technical positions at Accenture, Boehringer Ingelheim, PepsiCo, Pitney Bowes, and

Conference Session

Energy Laboratory Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Gerhart, University of Evansville; Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

learningtool, according to the students. They reported that their knowledge of the Rankine cycle (and itsassociated thermodynamic concepts) increased. They found discussing and using the RC morevaluable than performing calculations with the data. In addition, the level of the material wasappropriately challenging for upper-level engineering students.The survey results were also compared from university-to-university (LTU vs. UE). Theseresults are useful for two reasons. First, the thermodynamics courses and thermal-sciencelaboratory courses have different formats between LTU and UE. One of the goals for the UEthermal-science laboratory is for the students to perform a preliminary theoretical predictionexercise for the equipment. This allows the

Conference Session

Faculty Track - Technical Session III

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Michelle Kay Bothwell, Oregon State University; Kali Furman, Oregon State University; Qwo-Li Driskill, Oregon State University; Rebecca L. Warner, Oregon State University; Susan M. Shaw, Oregon State University; H. Tuba Ozkan-Haller, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Faculty

learning practice are presented and discussed,and transformative outcomes that can be linked to seminar participation presented.IntroductionWomen have historically been underrepresented within the ranks of tenured or tenure-trackfaculty with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines [1]. This isespecially so at higher academic ranks. The National Science Foundation (NSF) has recognizedthis issue and has been funding Institutional Transformation (IT) projects geared towardsremedying this shortcoming. In fall 2014 Oregon State University (OSU) received such anaward, created OREGON STATE ADVANCE, and established its overarching goal to serve as acatalyst for advancing the study and practice of equity, inclusion, and social

Conference Session

Circuits and Systems Education 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian J Skromme, Arizona State University; Dan Robinson

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Addressing Barriers to Learning in Linear Circuit AnalysisAbstractSome possible barriers to student success in introductory linear circuit analysis courses areanalyzed, particularly for DC circuits and general circuit topology issues. We argue that certainconcepts actually needed to solve circuit problems are often not taught as explicit principles, andthat conventional instruction often fails to address typical conceptual misunderstandings. Inparticular, we discuss the concepts of hinged circuits, redundant circuit elements, and voltageand current-splittability of circuit problems, the replacement theorem, iterative calculations, andthe several types of problems to which one can actually

Conference Session

Technology and Manufacturing

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Curtis S. Tenney, Florida State University; Marcia A. Mardis, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Faye R. Jones, Florida State University

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

industry to secure the necessary equipment to provide students withexpected hands-on AM industry skills. A direct need for advanced technical engineering in thelocal community and industry drove Green College’s AM program development. A GreenCollege faculty member explained this program framing needed to be quick for students tocomplete the program in time to meet pressing local industry’s hiring needs. During this time,program leaders from Green College collaborated with the Florida Department of Education toestablish specific engineering technology frameworks. In addition, at this time the Green Collegeleaders also aligned their AM curriculum with the FLATE curriculum recommendations.Green College has a small AM faculty with two full-time

Collection

2013 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

Jon J. Smith; Sima Noghanian

most EM simulation tools have a drawback. Most of theseprograms focus on the design and simulation of the single elements and do not offer an efficientsimulation tool to include the array geometry and array signal processing together in onepackage. If an engineer desires to develop a certain array pattern and array processing algorithmthat work together to acquire incident signals when arriving from certain angles, the engineerwould have to completely design the entire array (i.e. specify its geometry, material composition,surrounding material environment, EM environment, etc). The problem can be arranged bycopying and repeating the antenna element into structure a number of times. For every change inthe array arrangement or feed arrangement a

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Instructional Practices

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Biester; Ian Stewart; Laura Hirshfield, University of Michigan; Rada Mihalcea; Sara Pozzi

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

use, e.g., using abusivelanguage to describe an instructor [17]. In addition to the personal harm done to instructors, biascan derail the careers of minority-group instructors as course evaluations often play an large rolein determining tenure and promotion [18, 19]. Our case study builds on the well-establishednotion of bias in student evaluations, and we investigate how much bias exists in writtenevaluations and whether that bias changed when courses switched to virtual format in 2020.3 Methods3.1 Data CollectionOur new data set, henceforth CCE for “COVID-19 Course Evaluations,” comes from a publicuniversity in the U.S. Midwest. The university’s registrar provided 23,882 course evaluationsfrom the College of Engineering collected over six

Collection

2009 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Ranjan K. Sen; Pradip Peter Dey

 communicate to the processors.  An  algorithm  is  a  high  level  representation  of  a  program.  It  consists  of  steps  of  statements  that  is unambiguous  and  may  be  interpreted  by  a  computer.  An  algorithm  must  terminate.  An  algorithm  is  Proceedings of the 2009 American Society for Engineering Education Pacific Southwest Regional Conference 347used  to  reason  about  a  specific  recipe  to  solve  a  problem  using  a  computer.  It  is  implemented  as  a program using programming language.    A  programming  language  is  one  that  can  express  an  algorithm  and  may  be  compiled  into  a  low

Conference Session

Program Development and Pipelines for Recruitment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandy Feola, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

ourdevelopment phase. We realized early on that maintaining fresh data would be justas challenging as creating a new website.This career exploration site needed to reflect that manufacturing is dynamic – thattechnologies evolve; companies figure out new ways to tackle problems; new productsare developed that require new materials or different ways to make existing productsbetter – which means that if students want to understand a complete picture, the websitecontent must be dynamic to keep students interested. The best scenario is when studentswant to “come back” because they have a variety of ways to explore the information andit’s evident that a site’s content changes and continues to grow.So our idea of a web portal to address this project embodied a

Conference Session

Project-Based and Experiential Learning in Manufacturing

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University; Richard Y Chiou, Drexel University; Tzu-liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

, project-based learning, and practicum-based assessment. Dr. Ertekin serves as the faculty advisor for the student chapter of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (S058). Involved in research, Ertekin has received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), private foundations, and industry. His research has focused on the improvement of manufacturing laboratories and curricula and the adoption of process simulation into machining and additive manufacturing practices. His areas of expertise are in CAD/CAM, manufacturing processes, machine and process design with CAE methods, additive and subtractive manufacturing, quality control and lean manufacturing.Dr. Richard Chiou, Drexel University Dr. Richard Chiou is

Collection

2010 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Andrew Grossfield P.E.

more understandable and interesting.On the other hand, do engineering students require the abstract definitions of Cauchy’s analysis?No. Most of today’s engineering work requires an understanding of continuous smooth curvesand surfaces. Euler would feel quite at home in many of today’s beginning engineering andphysics classes. True, electrical engineers, later on, will need the concepts of Fourier series tostudy periodic signals. And even the Fourier series, initially, have a visual interpretation andGibb’s curious phenomena can be introduced without a formal proof but with a warning. Thereare rarely any formal proofs on the P. E. exams. Engineers need to be aware of the interval ofconvergence of Taylor series. At some later time, engineering

Conference Session

Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vigyan Jackson Chandra, Eastern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

mental models andconnecting the model to prior knowledge. They posit that the ability to extract key ideas fromnew material and integrate it into existing mental models leads to development of mastery overcomplex content.In the context of an undergraduate course on computer networking, topics such as configuring,securing, troubleshooting, and managing routing across subnetworks in the computer networkingarea require the student to develop a practical hands-on understanding of network models,protocols, hardware, cabling, subnetting, routing and switching. This encompasses a large set oftheoretical and practical competencies. While there are several resources available for learningabout these topics, according to [3, p. 9] commenting on the

Conference Session

Project Based and Experiential Learning in Manufacturing

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asghar Rezasoltani, Western Kentucky University; Ryker Boehm, Western Kentucky University; Adam Patterson, Western Kentucky University

form cone shapes on 3003 aluminum sheets. Two different tool diameters of 6mm and 20 mm were used, and the formed cones were briefly compared using a surface tester and a 3Dscanner.REFERENCES1. Kumar, A., et al., Forming force in incremental sheet forming: a comparative analysis of the state of the art. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2019. 41(6): p. 1-45.2. Trzepieciński, T., et al., Emerging trends in single point incremental sheet forming of lightweight metals. Metals, 2021. 11(8): p. 1188.3. Belchior, J., et al., Offline compensation of the tool path deviations on robotic machining: Application to incremental sheet forming. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2013. 29(4): p

Conference Session

Best of Computer in Education Division

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacob Bishop, Utah State University; Matthew A Verleger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. An inverted teaching model for a mechanics of materials course. In Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2012.[73] K.J. Topping and S.W. Ehly, editors. Peer-Assisted Learning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998. ISBN 9780805825022. URL http://books.google.com/books?id=UZv6grfgeF4C.[74] R. Toto and H. Nguyen. Flipping the work design in an industrial engineering course. In Frontiers in Educa- tion Conference, 2009. FIE 2009. 39th IEEE, pages 1–4. IEEE, 2009.[75] J.R.H. Tudge and P.A. Winterhoff. Vygotsky, Piaget, and Bandura: Perspectives on the relations between the social world and cognitive development. Human Development, 36:61, 1993.[76] Udacity. Udacity, 2012. URL http://www.udacity.com/udacity.[77

Collection

2009 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Orla LoPiccolo; Amit Bandyopadhyay

: MS in Sustainable Design - Building and Site Integration inSustainable Design: “The course provides students with knowledge of site design and waterconservation strategies, methods and tools. Based on understanding ecological principles,students will research new approaches to integrated site and building design. Exercises, casestudies, and application of tools will provide students hands-on opportunities to investigatedesign issues and determine outcomes. 4-Field trips to exemplary projects will be part of theclass.”Our Existing Site Planning and Design Course Description States:“An advanced course in the utilization of engineering and architectural principles from conceptthrough construction techniques of a site development. Computer aided

Collection

2009 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Orla LoPiccolo; Amit Bandyopadhyay

: MS in Sustainable Design - Building and Site Integration inSustainable Design: “The course provides students with knowledge of site design and waterconservation strategies, methods and tools. Based on understanding ecological principles,students will research new approaches to integrated site and building design. Exercises, casestudies, and application of tools will provide students hands-on opportunities to investigatedesign issues and determine outcomes. 4-Field trips to exemplary projects will be part of theclass.”Our Existing Site Planning and Design Course Description States:“An advanced course in the utilization of engineering and architectural principles from conceptthrough construction techniques of a site development. Computer aided

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

SUPARSHYA BABU SUKHAVASI; Thanu Sri Gandham; Susrutha Babu Sukhavasi; Meruva Veera Venkata Bhargav

, Computational Process, IBM J. Res. Dev. 5 (1961) IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 183–191 225, IOP Publishing, 2017.[7] H. Thapliyal, N. Ranganathan, Design of reversible [20] N.T. Le, J.W. Wang, C.C. Wang, T.N. Nguyen,sequential circuits optimizing quantum cost, delay and Automatic defect inspection for coated eyeglass based ongarbage outputs, ACM J. Emerg. Tech. Comput. Syst. 6 (4) symmetrized energy analysis of color channels, Symmetry(2010) Article 14, pp. 14:1–14:35, Dec. 11 (12) (2019) 1518.[8] Himanshu Thapliyal, Nagarajan Ranganathan, 2022 A [21] G. Nikhil, B. Sharanya, P.B. Reddy

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard R. Schultz

language and graphics the work that weundertake. Since many university and high school students have access to the Internet andWeb browsers, this information will be available as an outreach and recruiting tool tostudents not exclusively in the sciences and engineering.2. Mathematical Descriptions of Systems-Related ConceptsIn this section, we will briefly review the mathematical descriptions of key conceptsassociated with 1-D signals and systems. Most definitions have been borrowed fromZiemer et aL2132.1. ConvolutionThe response of a linear, time-invariant (LTI) system can be expressed in terms of theconvolution integral, making it one of the most important concepts behindcommunications, control, and filtering theory. For an LTI system with

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reem Nasr, Boston University; Steven Hall, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Peter Garik, Boston University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2007-1919: STUDENT UNDERSTANDING IN SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS: THEROLE OF INTERVAL MATCHING IN STUDENT REASONINGReem Nasr, Boston UniversitySteven Hall, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPeter Garik, Boston University Page 12.1317.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Student Understanding in Signals and Systems: The Role of Interval Matching in Student ReasoningAbstractThis study was designed to investigate student understanding in signals and systems, particularlythe study of continuous-time linear, time-invariant systems. In this paper, we report on a principalfinding of this investigation, namely, the importance of the interval

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James P Becker, Montana State University, Bozeman; Indika Kahanda, University of North Florida; Nazmul H. Kazi, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

informatics and medical informatics lab. Prior to that Dr. Kahanda worked as an Assistant Professor in the Gianforte School of Computing at Montana State University. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Colorado State University in 2016 in the area of Bioinformatics, a Master of Science in Computer Engineering from Purdue University in 2010, and a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering from University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka in 2007.Nazmul H. Kazi, Montana State University Nazmul Kazi is a master’s student of Computer Science at Montana State University. His research inter- ests include the application of Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Natural Language Processing, and Parallel Computing

Conference Session

Capstone Projects in Manufacturing

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; Perry B. Gold; Nando Tyler Orfanelli

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

engineering principles. This hands-on approach enables students to become familiar withmethods of manufacturing with provided accessibility to a mechanical laboratory. Such projectsencourage students to investigate methods of subtractive and additive manufacturing. This includesequipment for rapid prototyping such as 3D printing, CNC, and engraving.This paper describes the development of the integrated Pico-hydroelectric system and water filtration, andits adaptation to an experimental learning module. We also detail the level of attainment of the StudentLearning Objectives for the capstone project described and the newly developed learning objectives forthe laboratory activities created around this experiential module.Design and development of such