Conference Session

EDGD: Potpourri

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #23227Detection and Incidence of Plagiarism in a Solid Modeling CourseDr. Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University Steve Kirstukas is an Associate Professor at CCSU, where he teaches courses in solid modeling, MATLAB programming, and engineering mechanics. He is exploring the use of computer-aided assessment of CAD files to give consistent, accurate, and quick feedback to students. He has degrees in civil and mechanical engineering, with a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. Steve has worked in industry as a civil engineer, software developer, biomechanics researcher, and mechanical design

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hannah Dawes Budinoff, Pima Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #30111Engineering graphics in a community-college setting: Challenges andopportunitiesDr. Hannah Dawes Budinoff, Pima Community College Hannah D. Budinoff is a researcher interested in additive manufacturing, geometric manufacturability analysis, design for manufacturing, and engineering education. She received her BS in mechanical engi- neering from the University of Arizona and recently completed her PhD in mechanical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, where she was awarded an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. Dr. Budinoff teaches CAD classes in her role as Instructional Faculty at Pima Community

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bradley James Schmid, University of Saskatchewan

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #31347Challenges of Developing a New Engineering Drawings Course for CivilEngineersMr. Bradley James Schmid, University of Saskatchewan Brad Schmid is an assistant professor in Civil, Geological, and Environmental Engineering at the Univer- sity of Saskatchewan. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Challenges of Developing a New Engineering Drawings Course for Civil EngineeringAbstractThe landscape of engineering graphics and design have changed substantially in the last twentyto thirty years, yet in many ways the courses and curriculum have often not

Conference Session

Using graphics in the rest of the engineering courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Emre Bahadir, MURRAY STATE UNIVERSITY

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #5943Developing Authentic Projects for a Senior Level Design ClassDr. MEHMET EMRE BAHADIR, MURRAY STATE UNIVERSITY MEHMET EMRE BAHADIR is an Assistant Professor of Industrial Technology at Murray State Univer- sity. His teaching and research interests are in the field of product design and sustainable manufacturing. Page 23.394.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Developing Authentic Projects for a Senior Level Design ClassAbstractAt Murray State University

Conference Session

CAD Assessments, Trends and Applications

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Howard Ross, University of Alabama, Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #7577A Significant Reverse Engineering Project Experience within an EngineeringGraphics ClassProf. Douglas Howard Ross, University of Alabama, Birmingham Douglas H. Ross (M’11) received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Champaign, Ill. in 1979. He earned an M.S. in Computer and Information Sciences from the Univer- sity of Alabama at Birmingham in 2007 and is a Ph.D. candidate in that department. He worked as a design and automation engineer for Flo-Con Systems and Vesuvius from 1979 to 2002. He worked as a programmer and instructor for the University of Alabama Birmingham from

Conference Session

Visualization tools, modeling abilities and grading models

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holly K. Ault Ph.D., Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Alister Fraser, Parametric Technology Corp.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #7233A Comparison of Manual vs. Online Grading for Solid ModelsHolly K. Ault Ph.D., Worcester Polytechnic Institute Holly K. Ault received her BS, MSME and Ph.D. degrees from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in 1974, 1983 and 1988 respectively. She has worked as a Manufacturing Engineer for the Norton Company and Product Development Engineer for the Olin Corporation. She is currently Associate Professor of Me- chanical Engineering atWorcester Polytechnic Institute, co-director of the Assistive Technology Resource Center, and director of the Melbourne Global Project Center. In the fall of 2001, she was invited as the

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College; Janice McClure, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

2006-1793: TEACHING A COMMON ENGINEERING DESIGN COURSE TOFIRST YEAR ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS:A CASE STUDYSohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College Dr. Sohail Anwar is currently serving as an associate professor of engineering and the Program Coordinator of Electrical Engineering Technology at Penn State University. Altoona College. Since 1996, he has also served as an invited professor of Electrical Engineering at IUT Bethune, France. Dr. Anwar is serving as the Executive Editor of the International Journal of Modern Engineering and as the Production Editor of the Journal of Engineering Technology.JANICE McCLURE, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College

Conference Session

Learning styles affect on students in graphic and design courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy V Ernst, Virginia Tech; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #6085Preferential Learning of Students in a Post-Secondary Introductory Engi-neering Graphics Course: A Preliminary Study Focused on Students At-RiskDr. Jeremy V Ernst, Virginia Tech Dr. Jeremy V. Ernst is an assistant professor in the Department of Teaching and Learning at Virginia Tech. He currently teaches graduate courses in STEM education foundations and contemporary issues in Integrative STEM Education. Dr. Ernst specializes in research focused on dynamic intervention means for STEM education students categorized as at-risk of dropping out of school. He also has curriculum research and development

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Maria Stavridis, Ohio State University; Lisa Abrams, Ohio State University; Sheryl A. Sorby, Ohio State University; Darryl T Hamamoto, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry; Ken Sigler, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

it through one of five diagrams ofan aperture. For Keyhole problems, once the object starts through the aperture, it cannot beturned in space. Figure 1 shows a sample problem from the keyhole portion of the test. Figure 1. Keyhole problems from the PAT (Correct answer is A)The second type of problem on the PAT is called the Top/Front/End problem. Theseproblems are essentially missing view problems where students are presented with two viewsof an object, e.g., the top and front views, and they must choose the missing view from thechoices given. Figure 2 shows an example problem from the Top/Front/End portion of thePAT. Figure 2. Top/Front/End problems from the PAT (Correct answer is B

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Applications

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Doyle, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2009-2068: CORNERSTONE DESIGN: PRODUCT DISSECTION IN ACOMMON FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING DESIGN AND GRAPHICS COURSEThomas Doyle, McMaster University Page 14.371.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009Cornerstone Design – Product Dissection in a Common First Year Engineering Design and Graphics CourseAbstractIn the senior year of an engineering program many students will have the opportunity to enroll incourses that offer Capstone engineering design projects [1]. In many engineering students’educational career these are the most interesting and rewarding courses because they offer thestudent the ability to apply the culmination of their education to an

Conference Session

Assessment Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #15834Development and Evaluation of a Computer Program to Assess Student CADModelsDr. Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University Steve Kirstukas is an Associate Professor at CCSU, where he teaches courses in solid modeling, MATLAB programming, and engineering mechanics. He is exploring the use of computer-aided assessment of CAD files to give consistent, accurate, and quick feedback to students. He has degrees in civil and mechanical engineering, with a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. Steve has worked in industry as a civil engineer, software developer, biomechanics researcher, and

Conference Session

Something New??? within Engineering Design Graphics Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek M Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University; Jerimiah Gabriel Welch, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #11432Enhancing a Blended Learning Approach to CAD Instruction Using LeanManufacturing PrinciplesDr. Derek M Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University Dr. Yip-Hoi received his Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan in 1997. His dissertation research focused on developing Computer-Aided Process Planning methods and software tools to support automation of machining on Mill/Turn machining centers. In 2003 he joined the faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of British Columbia. His appointment included a position as junior chair of the NSERC

Conference Session

Topics Related To Engineering Design Graphics Division

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy E. Study, Pennsylvania State University, Erie

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #12027Using Peer Review in a Freshman Engineering Graphics Course to EnhanceUnderstanding of Basic Dimensioning TechniquesDr. Nancy E. Study, Pennsylvania State University, Erie Nancy E. Study is on the faculty of the School of Engineering at Penn State Erie - The Behrend College where she teaches courses in engineering graphics and rapid prototyping, and is the coordinator of the rapid prototyping lab. Her research interests include visualization and haptics. She is a former chair of the ASEE Engineering Design Graphics Division and is currently the Circulation Manager and Treasurer of the Engineering Design

Conference Session

Advances in CAD with Emphasis on Dimensioning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey M. Otey, Texas A&M University; Pedro Company P.E., Universitat Jaume I; Manuel Contero, Universitat Politècnica de València; Jorge Dorribo Camba, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #9556A review of the design intent concept in the context of CAD model qualitymetricsMr. Jeffrey M. Otey, Texas A&M UniversityProf. Pedro Company P.E., Universitat Jaume I His research fields of interest are centered on Computer Aided Desig, and Sketch-Based Modeling; with more than 30 papers and communications published on those areas. Now he is taking part in the devel- opment and applicability of a new sketch-based modeling interface (see http://www.regeo.uji.es/). He has been involved too in Emotional Design and Collaborative Product Engineering. (https://sites.google.com/a/uji.es/pedrocompany/)Dr. Manuel

Conference Session

Innovative Graphics Instruction

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University; Raymond Lynch, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #10152Graphics within Initial Technology Teacher Education: A Snapshot of Ire-land and USADr. Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick Diarmaid is a Lecturer in Technology Teacher Education at the University of Limerick. His research interests are in the areas of freehand sketching, cognition and spatial visualization. He is currently Director of Membership of the Engineering Design Graphics Division (EDGD).Dr. Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University Ted Branoff, Ph.D. is an associate professor in the department of STEM Education at North Carolina State University. He has been an ASEE member since

Conference Session

Assessment in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University; Eric N. Wiebe, North Carolina State University; Mark Anthony Shreve, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2011-1557: ONLINE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN A HYBRIDINTRODUCTORY ENGINEERING GRAPHICS COURSE: AN INVENTORYOF SOLID MODELING CONCEPTSTheodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University Dr. Branoff is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Edu- cation at North Carolina State University. A member of ASEE since 1987, he has served as Chair of the Engineering Design Graphics Division of ASEE and as Associate Editor in charge of paper reviews for the Engineering Design Graphics Journal. He is currently President of the International Society for Geometry and Graphics. Dr. Branoff’s research interests include spatial visualization in undergraduate students and the effects of

Conference Session

Design and Graphics Potpourri

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan W. Hartman, Purdue University, Computer Graphics Technology; Mitchell L. Springer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2011-203: A DISTANCE LEARNING HYBRID PRODUCT LIFECY-CLE MANAGEMENT (PLM) CERTIFICATE PROGRAM IN TECHNOL-OGYNathan W. Hartman, Purdue University, Computer Graphics Technology Nathan Hartman is an Associate Professor and Assistant Department Head in the Department of Computer Graphics Technology at Purdue University. He is also Co-Director of the Purdue University PLM Center of Excellence. His current applied research interests include the use of constraint-based CAD tools in the design process, the process and methodology for model-based definition and the model-based enterprise, geometry automation, and data interoperability and re-use. He currently teaches or has taught courses in 3D modeling, virtual

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norma L Veurink, Michigan Technological University; A. J. Hamlin, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #12654Comparison of On-line versus Paper Spatial Testing MethodsMs. Norma L Veurink, Michigan Technological University Norma Veurink is a Senior Lecturer in the Engineering Fundamentals Department at Michigan Techno- logical University where she teaches introductory engineering courses and a spatial visualization course designed for engineering students with poorly developed spatial visualization skills. Ms. Veurink man- ages several summer programs that introduce middle and high school students to engineering. She is active in the Engineering Design Graphics Division of ASEE.Dr. A. J. Hamlin, Michigan

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3 - Spatial Visualization Topics

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Tech; Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego; John E. Bell, Michigan State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #26665Using Digital Sketching and Augmented Reality Mobile Apps to Improve Spa-tial Visualization in a Freshmen Engineering CourseDr. Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Tech Dr. Diana Bairaktarova is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. Through real-world engineering applications, Dr. Bairaktarova’s experiential learning research spans from engineering to psychology to learning sciences, as she uncovers how individual performance is influenced by aptitudes, spatial skills, personal interests and direct manipulation of mechanical objects.Dr. Lelli Van Den Einde, University of

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of Graphics Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Holdhusen, University of Wisconsin, Marathon County

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2009-1065: A COMPARISON OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS COURSESDELIVERED FACE TO FACE, ON LINE, VIA SYNCHRONOUS DISTANCEEDUCATION, AND IN HYBRID FORMATSMark Holdhusen, University of Wisconsin, Marathon County Page 14.13.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Comparison of Engineering Graphics Courses Delivered via Face- to-Face, Online, Synchronous Distance Education, and Hybrid FormatsAbstractWith the increase of online instruction in higher education, questions arise as to whether studentsacquire the necessary knowledge from a given course. This paper investigates the efficacy offour modes of delivery for an engineering

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shih-Chung Jessy Kang P.E., National Taiwan University; Yifen Li, National Taiwan University; ChingMei Tseng

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #17482The Effect of Soft Classroom: A New Learning Environment IntegratingMOOCs into Conventional Classrooms for College StudentsProf. Shih-Chung Jessy Kang P.E., National Taiwan UniversityYifen Li, National Taiwan University A graduate Student of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University.Dr. ChingMei Tseng c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 The Effect of the Soft Classroom: A New Learning Environment integrating MOOCs into Conventional Classrooms for University Students!!Abstract !In the last two decades, new insights into the nature of teaching

Conference Session

Topics Related To Engineering Design Graphics Division

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vimal Viswanathan, Tuskegee University; Maria Calhoun, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #13533Improving Student Learning Experience in an Engineering Graphics Class-room through a Rapid Feedback and Re-submission CycleDr. Vimal Viswanathan, Tuskegee University Dr. Vimal Viswanathan is an assistant professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Tuskegee University. He earned his Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. His research interests include design innovation, creativity, design theory and engineering education.Dr. Maria Calhoun Charlton, Tuskegee University Page 26.925.1

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monika Herrmann, University of Wisconsin, Stout

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #12872Confidence - A Path to Mastering Challenge, Exploring strategies to strengthenstudents’ confidence in graphical expression through transformative experi-encesMs. Monika Herrmann, University of Wisconsin, Stout About the Author Monika Herrmann is an assistant professor in the Engineering and Technology depart- ment at the University of Wisconsin Stout. She holds professional licenses in Architecture and Interior Architecture in Germany and the USA and is practicing in the design field for about 25 years. Research interests include sustainability with an emphasis on building performance and on design strategies to

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

David Torick, Washington State University; Nandita Biswas, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #31102NOT Reinventing the Wheel: Product Data Management (PDM) SoftwareUtilized as a Feedback System for Students in an IntroductoryEngineering Graphics CourseMr. David Torick, Washington State University Mr. David Torick has been an Instructor in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Wash- ington State University since 2015. He received his Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 1996 from Kettering University and his Master’s in Education from The Ohio State University in 1999. He also received a Master’s degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 2007. David has

Conference Session

Design and Graphics Potpourri

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward Island; Stephen Champion, University of Prince Edward Island

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2011-1894: HOW TO DESIGN A DESIGN PROJECT: GUIDANCE FORNEW INSTRUCTORS IN FIRST AND SECOND YEAR ENGINEERINGCOURSESAndrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward IslandProf. Stephen Champion, University of Prince Edward Island Current chair of the UPEI Engineering Department and facilitator of Project Based Design courses at the University of Prince Edward Island. Page 22.787.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 How To Design a Design Project: Guidance for New Instructors in First and Second Year Engineering CoursesIntroductionThis paper is not an attempt to

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 2 - Design & Manufacturing Topics

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sang Hoo Oh, Florida State University; Marcia A. Mardis, Florida State University; Faye R. Jones, Florida State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #26954Analyzing Three Competency Models of Advanced ManufacturingMr. Sang Hoo Oh, Florida State University Sang Hoo Oh is a Ph.D. student at the Florida State University School of Information. Sang Hoo is also a research assistant at the Florida State University Information Institute, where he works with Dr. Marcia Mardis and Dr. Charles McClure. Prior coming to the Florida State University, he received B.S. in Public Policy from Indiana University and M.S. in Information Systems form Yonsei University, South Korea. His research interest includes advanced manufacturing, information policy, and big data.Dr. Marcia

Conference Session

Assessment in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amanda Varricchio, Daniel Webster College; Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University; Melissa Kelly, Daniel Webster College; James O'Donnell; Joseph A. Donovan, Daniel Webster College; Nicholas Bertozzi, Daniel Webster College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2011-2210: DEVELOPMENT OF EDGD WEBSITE AUTOMATED LEARN-ING AND ASSESSMENT RESOURCESAmanda Varricchio, Daniel Webster College Amanda Varricchio is a recent graduate of Daniel Webster College with a Bachelor’s Degree in mechanical engineering. She was honored for her academic achievement by being named to the Presidents List and has severed as captain of the softball team for the past two seasons. She is currently employed by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft as an associate test engineer.Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University Dr. Branoff is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Edu- cation at North Carolina State University. A member of ASEE since 1987, he has

Conference Session

CAD Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edwin M. Odom, University of Idaho, Moscow; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

smooth.b) Two cylinders rest in a trough, as shown in Figure 1-b. Determine the forces acting at points P, Q, R, and S.Solve both problems analytically and graphically (solid modeling), using one method to verifythe other.a) b)c) d)Figure 1 Graphical solution. (Upper figures a) and b) present the problem, lower figures c) and d)show a students solution )Observations: The problem depicted in Figure 1 a) was assigned first and there was some studentquestioning of the value of solving the problem graphically. When the problem shown in Figure1 b) was assigned, the questions changed to is the analytical solution necessary? The analyticalsolution requires some

Conference Session

Assessment in Graphics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Delahunty, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Raymond Lynch, University of Limerick; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

occurring.because it is higher than it and then It would seem that their initial thoughts are onsomething will have to go under it size and volume.to make it tilt then" One of the students has posed a question andTime: 00:34 now begins investigating himself. HeStudent B: "Is this edge the same recognised that the edge length of thelength as that diagonal so it would tetrahedron is the same as the short

Conference Session

Visualization tools and uses in graphics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Delahunty, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Raymond Lynch Dr., University of Limerick; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

, Page 23.169.6the current study is looking for evidence of standardised representations of the geometricconfigurations, which were originally presented to students in an unconventional format(figure 4).Figures 5 - 8 contain evidence of this issue taken from a sample of student portfolios (n=118)and range from large deviation (figure 5) to a smaller deviation (figure 8) in communicatedorientation. In order to illustrate the degree of variance from the geometric configurationsthat students were asked to visualise and communicate, a superimposed wireframe model ofthe original objects has been placed on top of student solutions in the second part (b) of theimage. The first, second and fifth configurations were chosen to investigate the issue