Conference Session

Teaching Analog and Digital Communication: Novel Ideas for Lecture Courses, Laboratories, and Projects

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander M. Wyglinski, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Daniel J. Cullen

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

theoreticalbackground in digital communication systems, which can then be readily used in theimplementation of actual transmission systems based on SDR technology. In turn, theseimplementations will reinforce many of the concepts taught in class, as well as illustrate many ofthe non-ideal, realistic phenomena that occur during the transmission and reception of wirelessdata.Figure 1: Work flow of the senior undergraduate level digital communication systems course employing SDR experimentation. Page 22.502.6To overcome the significant learning curve that is often associated with the initial usage of SDRtechnology

Conference Session

ECE Division Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher S. Greene, University of Saint Thomas; Paul Ian Nyombi, University of Saint Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

require significant debugging time which, while valuable in the long run, divertsattention from the Signal and Systems concepts being taught. Analog Signal (voice/music) A/D SPI or Processing SPI or A/D I 2C I2C Analog Interface Interface Signal (Filtered) Figure 1 - "Preferred" configurationIn this paper we discuss a third alternative that has been developed, namely, to use the farsimpler (in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Fred Scheu, College of Lake County

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

engineering technology 4-year programs among US academic institutions have acurriculum component in hardware description language and programmable logic design.Similarly, only 16.5% [3] of electrical and computer engineering technology 2-year programshave a curriculum component in hardware modeling and programmable logic design.The applications utilizing FPGA as a design medium are predominant [1]. FPGAs have been usedextensively not only in logic emulation but also in custom-computing machines. There-programmable nature of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) -FPGA makes it theworkhorse of many new applications that require re-programmability. SRAM-FPGA’s are themost popular and are becoming the tools of choice in many re-programmable applications

Conference Session

Project-Based Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oscar G. Nespoli, University of Waterloo; Harry Tempelman, Hitachi Construction Truck Mfg Ltd.; Ryan Spencer; Steve Lambert, University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

provide feedback, in an actionable way, to our engineering curriculum and students’education. It represents their view on what is currently important to them. When soliciting inputfrom industry partners, there are often recommendations that they make that may or may not beimplemented in the curriculum. This mechanism and method represents an actionable and timelymethod to have the industry educational recommendations implemented.BackgroundThe process of education has been described as a two step process [1]; namely, the delivery ofknowledge, and the assimilation of knowledge by the learner. For engineering education, a thirdstep is required – the application of knowledge in uncertain situations and under constraint.Case studies continue to be

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education Division

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carole E. Goodson, University of Houston; Susan L. Miertschin, University of Houston; Barbara L. Stewart, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

(traditional lecture, online, and hybrid). The courses spanned subjects, with aresearch course, two consumer science courses, and two information technology courses. Thesurvey did not address issues related to the course through which the respondent was accessingthe survey, but rather, issues related to the student’s experience with on-line learning in general.The selection of courses served to provide a cross-section of students by level and major withvarying degrees of experience with online and hybrid modes of instruction. The survey wasadministered on-line and results were analyzed.This paper addresses the following issues. 1. Major frameworks for assessing on-line and distance courses are presented and summarized. The components examined

Conference Session

Distance and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esteban Rodriguez-Marek, Eastern Washington University; Min-Sung Koh, Eastern Washington University; Claudio Talarico, Eastern Washington University; Jabulani Nyathi, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

., should be made available.Coincidentally, a system of community colleges exists in the country that typically provides allstudents services and teaches most supporting classes needed by engineering degrees. Many ofthese community colleges have laboratories used both for vocational and pre-engineeringprograms. These laboratories tend to be well equipped and grossly underutilized [1]. A logicalconclusion, then, suggests itself: The resources available through the community college systemmust be coupled with those of four-year programs to offer engineering programs. The solutionhas three main advantages. First, universities offering 4-year engineering programs can reach astudent population previously outside of their geographical scope without

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ruth Wertz P.E., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Meagan C. Ross, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael Fosmire, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

becoming more complex. The problemsengineers encounter in the work force are ill-structured with constraints that extend beyond thereach of typical undergraduate engineering curricula, such as economic, social, political,environmental, and legal issues 1. To compound this problem, global economic competition,growing environmental concerns, and rapid technological advancement place additional demandson engineers to be more innovative in the solutions they create. There have been several reportsreleased in the last decade that call for engineers to become more skilled in communications,business, and economics, more creative and innovative, and more globally competent e.g. 2,3-6.Engineers must develop superior information literacy competencies, such

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene B. Mena, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brenda Capobianco, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

course instructors, become members of the community of practice that is academia. This studywas guided by the following research questions: 1) What socialization experiences do doctoralengineering TAs report going through as a result of working as course instructors? 2) Whatrecommendations to improve the TA experience emerge from this study?Data were collected in the form of interviews (individual and focus group, with participants fromtwo schools of engineering at a Midwestern university). These data sources were analyzed andtriangulated to find recurring themes. Results indicated several categories of socializationexperiences, as characterized by the three TAs. Implications from the study suggest the need fora progressive TA model, in which

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Issues Part One

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bowler, Michigan Technological University; Susan Amato-Henderson, Michigan Technological University; Thomas David Drummer, Michigan Technological University; Joanna M. Schreiber, Michigan Technological University; Joseph H. Holles, University of Wyoming; Ted W. Lockhart, Michigan Technological University; Jingfang Ren, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

orientation more likely to increase that person’s ethical sensitivity to RCR.II. MethodsInstruments:Research Role Orientation InventoryPrevious research and pilot testing by our group led to the development and pilot testing of theResearch Role Orientation Inventory (RROI).11 The instrument, designed to assess a researcherssense of responsibility, authority, agency, autonomy, and duty, utilized a 6-point Likert-typescale requiring participants to rate their level of agreement (ranging from strongly disagree tostrongly agree) to 26 items designed to measure the role constructs (See Tables 1 and 2). Usinga factor analytic approach, the 26 items in the RROI included approximately 5 items found tomeasure each construct. Participants were instructed to

Conference Session

Factors Affecting Student Performance

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maddumage Karunaratne, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

wirings than on actual design or in optimizing the functions of the circuit. Evenafter HDLs such as VHDL have become standard and widely being used in commercial integratedcircuit chip making industry, undergraduate academic curriculums in Electrical and Computerengineering were very slow to adopt them[1] because of the cost of the hardware and associatedComputer Aided Design (CAD) tools coupled with lack of faculty experience on such design flowsrequired for digital designs.For many years, at college level courses that utilized HDL, the designs were limited to use them onlyfor design and simulation steps. Cost of programmable hardware development boards and associatedsoftware packages kept them away from most digital design courses. This

Conference Session

Student Learning and Assessment II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio; Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

are Torrentz, e-bay, Amazon.com, or CrAmster.com12-15.All required engineering, math, and science courses in the UTSA’s ME program must becompleted with a grade of C or better. The authors have observed that the percentage ofunsuccessful attempts to pass thermodynamics courses (grades of D, F, and W) increases whenstudents have access to the textbook solution manual. Table 1 shows grade distributions for twocourses in Thermodynamics taught by the same instructor. The number of students in eachcourse is identified by N. The table compares grade distribution in a course with low indicationsthat students had access to the textbook solution manual with that where a high percentage ofstudents were using textbook solution manuals to complete their

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Baxter-Baines, Rowan University; Caitlin Nicole Dillard, Rowan University; Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

this experiment, freshman students produce drug-containing alginate spheres andinvestigate the factors which affect the rate of release of the drug from the polymericmicrospheres. (Technically the spheres produced are not microspheres since their diameter isabout 1-3 millimeters). The model drug used in this experiment is food coloring. Drug releasestudies are performed by placing the drug-loaded microspheres in a beaker containing water.Concentration measurements are made periodically by measuring absorbance of the surroundingsolution (into which dye has been released) using a spectrophotometer. The release rate of thedrug from the microspheres is analyzed using an Excel spreadsheet. The learning objectives ofthe experiment are: 1. Define a

Conference Session

Managing Dual-Career Issues

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne R. Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Beena Sukumaran, Rowan University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Donna Reese, Mississippi State University; Brian P. Kirkmeyer, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

New Mexico State University3 havetried programs that provide some financial support for departments hiring spouses of facultycandidates. They found this to be unsustainable and now have programs similar to thosementioned above. Other schools, like University of Michigan4 have based their programs out ofthe provost’s office rather than Human Resources and provide support at that level to work withdepartment chairs wanting to accommodate dual-career couples. They also provide resources fordepartment chairs and faculty search committees that help answer commonly asked questions onthis process.Table 1: Panelist and Spouses. Panelist will be at the session, but in all cases, spouses are notexpecting to attend.A Beena Sukumaran, Ph.D

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Michael G. Mauk, Drexel University; Robin Kizirian, Drexel University; William Peeples, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

 Acquisition  Acquired and  Apply SoftSensor  parameters  Image  processed images  Blob Analysis  Data Output  Decision making  Quality  Control  Figure 1: Solar cell vision system processing flow chart Page 22.515.4Figure 1 displays the flow diagram for the processing procedure of a vision system. The visionsystem is comprised of a smart

Conference Session

Persistence and Retention I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiffany Tseng, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, P.E., Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

identifying the factors that influence academic persistence haveemployed a range of cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs and qualitative andquantitative methodologies. Seymour and Hewitt (1997) interviewed over 300 juniors andseniors at seven institutions to understand their reasons for switching to majors outside of Page 22.516.2science, mathematics, or engineering (SME)3. Significant factors included a loss of interest in 1/22science and being overwhelmed by curriculum demands. Comparisons between the studentswho switched and those who stayed in SME majors revealed differences in

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research in K-12

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen A. High, Oklahoma State University; Melanie C. Page, Oklahoma State University; Julie Thomas, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

’ parents to create mathpromotive environments for them.14 Elementary teachers are generally known to exhibit lowscience/math confidence – suggesting they have bought into the idea that science andmathematics are for boys.16 These teachers’ gender schemas subtly influence children’s STEMachievement.17 Elementary teachers may also not recognize the need or have the training toconnect STEM subjects to Native language and cultural traditions.18Young girls begin to form definite ideas about their personal science and math interests andabilities during their elementary school years. These early ideas (1) influence later decisionsabout science and math achievement in middle school and high school and (2 exacerbate theSTEM workforce pipeline problem. The

Conference Session

Engineering Mathematical Potpourri

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Schmeelk, Virginia Commonwealth University, Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

ProcessingAbstract Image edge detection is an integral component of image processing to enhancethe clarity of edges and the type of edges. Issues regarding edge techniques wereintroduced in my 2008 paper on Transforms, Filters and Edge Detectors.15 The currentpaper provides a deeper analysis regarding image edge detection using matrices; partialderivatives; convolutions; and the software MATLAB 7.9.0 and the MATLAB ImageProcessing Toolbox 6.4. Edge detection has applications in all areas of research,including medical research6,16. For example, a patient can be diagnosed with ananeurysm by studying the shape of the edges in an angiogram. An angiogram is thevisual view of the blood vessels (see Figure 1-Vascular Web image). The previouspaper15 studied

Conference Session

Active and Inquiry-Based Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B. Knight, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(Figure 1) is a subsection of a larger modelby Terenzini and Reason36,37, which conceptually combines factors that form the “UndergraduateExperience” in an effort to explain student learning outcomes and persistence and bring overallcoherence to research examining the effects of college on student development (Figure 1). TheTerenzini and Reason36,37 model has undergone several iterations in studies of engineeringeducation to produce a systems view of undergraduate learning that 1) addresses the role ofstudents’ characteristics and prior experiences, and 2) considers the influence of organizationalconditions (e.g., policies affecting classroom-level practices), program-level faculty culture, andprogram policies and practices related to teaching

Conference Session

Certifying Teachers in Engineering or Integrated STEM

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yvonne Ng, St. Catherine University; Lori R. Maxfield, Saint Catherine University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

or non-existent.This paper presents 1) how a basic introduction to engineering course designedfor general education and potential engineering majors was deliberately improvedusing the Parallel Curriculum Model (PCM) to align with eight ABET ProgramOutcomes found in Criterion 3; 2) how PCM was also used to carefully structurethe curriculum to meet the needs of multiple learners (general education students,pre-engineering students, elementary education students); 3) how we structuredthe learning activities and assignments to assess student competence, confidenceand comfort (“the 3C’s”) with engineering, and 4) how the team teaching modelthat includes an engineering and education faculty member provides enhancedopportunities to use innovative

Conference Session

Globalizing Engineering Education II: Best Practices

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James McConnell, North Carolina State University; Brian D. Koehler, North Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

ASEE Global Programs

in another culture. 1 The effects are felt long after return.Ninety-five percent of “alumni” report that their international experience had a lasting impact ontheir world view and a majority said that it influenced their career path. Although the number ofstudents enrolled in international study has doubled over the past decade, only a small percent ofundergraduates nation-wide take advantage of this opportunity. 2 At NC State University almost30% of all enrolled international students are in the College of Engineering, however, a muchsmaller fraction of students participate in international study. Page 22.521.21 U.S. Committee for

Conference Session

Design Education II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald J. Bennett, Univeristy of Saint Thomas; Elaine R. Millam, Univeristy of Saint Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

education, training and on-site programs beyond production methodsthat include content covering leadership. They can help leaders develop the characteristicsneeded to create the environment for the employees to become more innovative and see their rolein the larger systems context. This has been the objective of the Society of ManufacturingEngineers and the program specific curriculum criteria they have established for EngineeringAccreditation Commission (EAC) of ABET accredited manufacturing engineering programs.1ABET Manufacturing CriteriaThe Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) of ABET program criteria formanufacturing1 requires that programs demonstrate that graduates have proficiencies in fivespecific areas: 1) materials and

Conference Session

Energy Education and Industrial Partnership Needs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

recently when largescale public discussion of energy use in buildings has emerged. However, energy use inbuildings is quite large. For 2009, a total of 41% of total energy consumption in the U.S. went toresidences and commercial sectors whereas only 29% went to transportation.1 “On an annual basis, buildings in the United States consume 39% of America's energy and 68% of its electricity. Furthermore, buildings emit 38% of the carbon dioxide (the primary greenhouse gas associated with climate change), 49% of the sulfur dioxide, and 25% of the nitrogen oxides found in the air.”2According to a study by the U.S. Department of Energy, “the total cooling energy use incommercial building HVAC systems, including the refrigerant

Conference Session

Objectives, Assessment, and Methods for Teaching Technological Literacy

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University; John Krupczak, Hope College; James F. Young, Rice University, Electrical & Computer Engineering; Mani Mina, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

unit’s perspective, strengths and resources. By multiple iterations, highest priority items were combined as appropriate andcategorized as Educational Objectives and related Outcomes. This resulted in a set of fourEducational Objectives and seventeen Outcomes. The four Educational Objectives includedemonstrating: 1) knowledge of the technological nature of the physical and natural world, 2)ability to meaningfully engage with big questions of a technological nature, both contemporaryand enduring, 3) characteristics of personal and social responsibility in using and creatingtechnology, and 4) capability to synthesize and advance technological accomplishments acrossgeneral and specialized domains. Three to six Outcomes were related to each

Conference Session

Capstone Projects and Experiential Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cliff R. Mirman, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

modifiedlubricants, wear surfaces, and nano-lubricants. The lubes were analyzed for traction, and heatgeneration based on numerical models and actual wear tests were conducted on the materials.Bearing parameters, and load capacities, as well as seizure loads were evaluated using ASTMtests, and the lubes were tested on full scale models. It was determined that through low-costmodification in the current lubes, beneficial properties could be enhanced.Project DeliverablesEach of the tasks had the following milestones that had to be met,Task 1 - Alternative fuel projectQuarter 2 - Research into grades and availability of bio-diesel in regions of usage, developemissions and delivery economics and distribution model including consumption needs.Quarter 4 - Report

Conference Session

ELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Liao, Wayne State University; D. Fu, Wayne State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

-electric and series-hybrid electric. The developed bench unit is capable ofdemonstrating, illustrating and displaying the multiple energy flows in the electric-drive vehiclebased on its configuration and driving conditions. The integrated unit serves as a hands-onexperience workstation for multidiscipline students enrolled in the electric-drive vehicletechnology courses. The hands-on experience not only enhances the vehicle electrificationtraining and education, but also inspires students’ interest in the green movement oftransportation.1. IntroductionWorld competition and stringent United States fuel economy goals and emission regulations forthe 21st Century vehicle have pressured the automotive industry to design and evaluate advancedautomobiles

Conference Session

Pedagogical Issues in Computing

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tumkor Serdar, Stevens Institute of Technology; El-Sayed Aziz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Sven K. Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology; Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

bycustomizing avatars, designing the terrain of the land and modeling objects in three dimensions.The avatar-customization, terrain-editing and object-building tools of the viewer allow for fastand easy modification of the content.Free client programs, called viewers, such as the Second Life viewer or the HippoOpenSimulator (often referred to as OpenSim) viewer 16, enable users to interact with each otherthrough avatars. OpenSimulator is an open source server platform for hosting virtual worlds.While OpenSimulator is most recognized for its compatibility with the Second Life client, it isalso capable of hosting alternative worlds with different feature sets with multiple protocols andoperating systems (Figure 1

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula in ECE I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris C Delia Jr., Rowan University; Peter Mark Jansson P.E., Rowan University; John L. Schmalzel P.E., Rowan University; Carlos Daniel Barreiro; Kevin Anthony Whitten, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Through this engineeringclinic model, students learned all the inner workings of how a grid-connected PV array goesfrom concept to reality, ending with a finished product for the client. Most importantly, theRowan University clinic experience allowed students to effectively communicate withrepresentatives of the sponsoring agency and report the findings of a semester long research,design and development project.BackgroundThe four Rowan University Engineering programs offer an inter-disciplinary EngineeringClinic program, which consists of an eight-semester sequence of courses that must be taken byall Engineering students [1]. Freshman students in Chemical Engineering (ChE), Civil andEnvironmental Engineering (CEE), Electrical and Computer

Conference Session

TAC/ABET Related Outcome Based Assessment Methods and Models

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Grinberg, Buffalo State College; Ronald E. Land, Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington; Thomas M. Hall Jr., Northwestern State University; Kelly Ann Lacroix, Society of Manufacturing Engineers; Steve Macho, Buffalo State College; Mike Eastman, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

relatively small number of respondents the authors consider this survey tobe a pilot study. At the time of the writing the number of students who volunteered to take examin May 2011 almost doubled and survey results bank will be more comprehensive duringpresentation of this paper at the conference.The survey question addressed the students’ view of the fairness and validity of the exam as ameasure of their technical knowledge. Seventeen respondents rated the statement: I believe thisexamination is a fair and valid measure of my technical competencies, with an average of 4.00,and a standard deviation of 0.970. These results are illustrated in Figure 1. Most respondentsindicated their belief that the exam was a fair and valid measure of their

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Design I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene L. Harding, Purdue University, Statewide Technology; Danny H Cole

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

11, and the data collection and plotting was performed withMS Excel 2007.In addition to the project, feedback from the teachers who brought their students to this year’sconference is presented, as well as how the EET session format was modified to accommodatefeedback from the previous year.Conference backgroundProject Lead the Way (PLTW) is an organization that partners with middle schools and highschools across the nation to prepare students for post-secondary education and subsequentcareers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).1 The PurdueUniversity-South Bend annual PLTW Conference is an outreach program targeting thesestudents from local high schools. The specific goals of the conference are to: 1. Engage them

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Potpourri II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Collura, University of New Haven; Shannon Ciston, University of New Haven; Nancy Ortins Savage, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students or students with a significant amount ofAdvanced Placement credit, including freshman chemistry. Some students were behind in eithermath or introductory engineering classes. The remaining 50 students were consistent in thesequence of courses taken during their first year: 22 had completed a single freshman chemistrycourse (CH115) and 28 of them completed both CH115 (General Chemistry I) and EAS120 (ourversion of General Chemistry II). Table 1 shows some descriptive statistics for the students inthe study. There is no statistical difference in the mean gpa and the mean calculus I gradebetween the groups, as shown by the values of the T-Test probability (p). On average, thechemistry grade for the first group (single chemistry course) is