Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Dallas, Texas Tech University; Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer, Texas Tech University; Kelli Frias

Paper ID #36725The Role of Mentorship in Student Preparation for ImpactfulInternshipsTim Dallas (Professor) Tim Dallas, PhD is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas Tech University. Dr. Dallas’ research includes developing MEMS-based education and research tools. Currently, he is working with colleagues in the College of Education on the development of an education portal, Classroom on a Chip, and the Solar Powered Digital Classroom in a Box (SPDCB). The SPDCB technology has been deployed to off-the-grid locations in Africa, Asia, and Central America to provide much needed educational

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Division Technical Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

yongxin deng; Tuoyu Li; Min Ye, Zhejiang University

matching. The article puts forward suggestions on theoptimization and improvement of China's "Emerging Engineering" policy.Key Words: Emerging Engineering Education, Policy Tools, Content Analysis1. IntroductionThe core of the "Emerging Engineering" policy is how higher engineering educationresponds to the new challenges posed by the new economy and technological revolutionthrough reform and development, and to cultivate high-quality and scarce talents forthe future development of new industrial demands and new forms of business. In recentyears, China's central and provincial governments have issued a large number ofpolicies related to the construction of emerging engineering education. But in theprocess of policy comprehensively advancing, the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sampson Addo, University of the District of Columbia; Pawan Tyagi, University of the District of Columbia; Eva Mutunga, University of the District of Columbia

innovations by Historically Black Colleges andUniversities (HBCUs) – originally established mainly as teaching and blue-collar tradeinstitutions to educate African Americans – is significantly lower than their non-HBCUscounterparts (specifically, Predominately White Institutions – PWIs). This is largely becauseHBCUs have been traditionally under-served and under-resourced. To bridge this gap, HBCUsare promoting entrepreneurial training and mindset through changes in engineering educationprograms and curriculum. For instance, federally funded programs like the National ScienceFoundation (NSF) Center of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) and NSFI-Corps promote the education and training of innovators on commercialization of

Conference Session

LEES Session 9

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Neeley, University of Virginia; Sofia Zajec, University of Virginia; Morgan Stup, University of Virginia

Paper ID #37784Aspirations vs. Reality in Engineering Education: AnAnalysis of Top-Rated Institutions and Degree ProgramsKathryn A. Neeley (Associate Professor) Kay Neeley is Associate Professor of Science, Technology, and Society in the Department of Engineering and Society in the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Virginia, where she has been on the faculty since 1979. She received a B.A. in English from the University of South Carolina (1976) and a M.A. (1979) and PhD (1989) in English from the University of Virginia, with specializations in the teaching of composition at the college

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University; Kerrie Douglas, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Vimal Viswanathan, San Jose State University; Vinayak Krishnamurthy; Hillary Merzdorf, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Donna Jaison, Texas A&M University; Samantha Ray, Texas A&M University; Morgan Weaver, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wayne Li, Georgia Institute of Technology

Paper ID #38336Sketchtivity, an Intelligent Tutoring Software: BroadeningApplications and ImpactMorgan Weaver (Graduate Research Assistant)Hillary Merzdorf Hillary Merzdorf is a Ph.D. candidate at Purdue University in the School of Engineering Education. Her research interests are in flexible assessment practices incorporating both traditional psychometrics and technology-based approaches, digital engineering education tools, and cognitive engineering methods for learning research.Donna Jaison Graduate Student at Texas A&M University.Vimal Kumar Viswanathan (Associate Professor) (San Jose State University)Kerrie

Conference Session

LEES 6: Writing & Communication

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Immanuel Edinbarough, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Jesus Gonzalez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Ruth Pflueger, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Robert Weissbach, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Johanna Bodenhamer, IUPUI

Paper ID #37480Comparison of Undergraduate Student Writing inEngineering Disciplines at Campuses with VaryingDemographicsImmanuel Edinbarough (Professor) Immanuel A. Edinbarough received his B.Sc. (Applied Sciences) degree from PSG College of Technology, University of Madras, India, his B.E.. (M.E.) degree from the Institution of Engineers, India, M.E. (Production Engineering) degree from PSG College of Technology, Bharathiar Univesrity, India and his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the Bharathiar University, India. He is currently a professor and Director of Engineering Technology at The University of

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francois Jacobs, University of Wyoming; Renxiang Lu, University of Wyoming

also applicable to programs inother fields of study such as Engineering, Nursing, Music, among others.The design flowchart of this research is shown in Figure 1. Besides the challenges detailed inpast studies, which prompted the inclusion of industry practitioners in this innovativeteaching model, other components of the research consist of the following: selection andrecruitment process of industry practitioners, supportive materials and technology forteaching, and feedback on the teaching model provided by industry practitioners and students.Each of these components are detailed below. Objective (Bridge gap between academia and industry

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rick Hill, University of Detroit Mercy; Jocelyn Bennett Garraway, University of Detroit Mercy

Hispanic students [1]. Since 14.5% of the undergraduate college population in2017 was Black and 19.4% was Hispanic according to U.S. Census data [2], it is apparent thatsignificant disparities exist.This paper describes the development of the innovating Detroit’s Robotics Agile Workforce(iDRAW) program, an engineering pathways program for underserved high school studentswhose goal is to broaden participation in engineering and technology-related careers, led by theUniversity of Detroit Mercy. This goal is hardly unique, yet similar efforts have historically beenimpeded by a number of issues: students have a perceived lack of interest in engineering,students lack the pre-requisite academic skills to succeed in engineering, high school teacherslack

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Technical Session 1: Library Services

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianna Buljung, Colorado School of Mines; Lisa Dunn, Colorado School of Mines; Seth Vuletich, Colorado School of Mines; Emily Bongiovanni, Carnegie Mellon University

Scholarly Communications Librarian at Colorado School of Mines, where she supported faculty and students throughout the research lifecycle and promoted Open Science. She went to Denison University for her undergraduate degree and earned her Masters of Library and Information Science at the University of Denver. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Sustainable Boutique Research Services in a Mid-sized STEM Library: A Preliminary StudyAbstractInformation seekers’ increasing comfort in leveraging research technology has reduced demandfor traditional models of reference services, while

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

binbin shao, Zhejiang University; Wei Zhang, Zhejiang University; Liang Wang

Paper ID #37073Do entrepreneurship competitions raise the entrepreneurialintention of engineering students? The mixed effect ofentrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivationbinbin shao Binbin Shao 2020-Present Zhejiang University, Ph.D candidate in Institute of China’s Science Technology and Education Policy in Zhejiang University. 2010-Present Lecturer, School of Public Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University Research Interests: Entrepreneurship education in engineering.Wei Zhang (Institute of Science Technology and Education Policy ZhejiangUniversity)Liang Wang (The Secretary General) Liang Wang

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Ellis; Ryan Gniadek, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Godmar Back, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Kirk Cameron, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Paper ID #36850Integrating DevOps to Enhance Student Experience in anUndergraduate Research ProjectRyan Gniadek Undergraduate Student, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech Research interests include software engineering, programming languages, and computer systems. My professional experience is in the financial technology and enterprise software industries.Margaret O'neil Ellis Margaret currently serves as an Associate Professor of Practice of Computer Science in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech. She is focused on instructing and designing curriculum for CS2104 Problem Solving in Computer

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division ASCE Liaison Committee - Supporting the Development of the Next Civil Engineers

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Clayton, Wake Forest University; Daniel Castaneda, James Madison University; Monica Palomo, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Carolyn Rodak, State University of New York, Polytechnic Institute; Stacey Kulesza, Kansas State University; Pinar Omur-Ozbek, Colorado State University

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has conducted the Excellence in CivilEngineering Education (ExCEEd) Teaching Workshop since 1999 as a way for civil engineeringand technology faculty to receive pedagogical and instructional training. This six-day-longimmersive workshop includes seminars on effective teaching practices and the ExCEEdTeaching Model, demonstration classes from expert teachers serving as ExCEEd faculty, andmultiple practice classes for participants to apply and get feedback on the techniques they learnin the workshop. The ExCEEd Teaching Workshop (ETW) and its implementation into civilengineering classes has been well documented (e.g., [1-4], to name a few). The workshop istypically held two to three times each summer

Conference Session

Research Frameworks for Identity and Equity: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ingrid Scheel, Oregon State University; Gail Verdi, Kean University; Lara Letaw, Oregon State University

support pillar of that success is to facilitate a safe, respectful place for students to engage. Bycreating environments where students are made aware of how important it is to work with andacross differences, we will graduate engineers who are ready to tackle highly complex challengesin a globalized workplace. We will graduate engineers aware and respectful of all thosepopulations including but not limited to those protected by Title VII [6].Inclusive practices are vital to the health of engineering education because exclusivity in STEMfields is a root cause of stagnation in innovative technologies. More diverse teams are directlytied to better outcomes [1]. It follows that a group of people with widely varied perspectives andinterests will

Conference Session

Computers in Education 5 - Modulus 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicolas Leger, Florida International University; Bruk Berhane, Florida International University

technologies thatstudents in engineering disciplines often use, such as MATLAB, Mathematica, Mathcad,Excel, and Aspen Plus, is limited. Initial analysis reveals that most of the publishedwork on numerical and computational methods (NCM) in engineering education is in theform of textbooks used to introduce these software packages. However, a gap in theliterature exists between understanding the technical content that these textbooksprovide, and the degree to which effective pedagogy is used to teach this content. Inother words, while textbooks exist to introduce these concepts, few studies have beendone to measure the effectiveness of teaching these concepts. Understanding how toeffectively teach these computing resources is important because it

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shichao Liu, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Yichen Li, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Soroush Farzin

studyAbstractAs a highly interdisciplinary industry, architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) requireeffective and seamless collaboration to deliver projects timely and with high quality. To betterprepare students with the demanding cooperative skill, collaborative learning has always been anintegral part of the education of undergraduate students. Augmented reality (AR) technology hasmatured rapidly in recent years and has been widely used in various fields such as medical,manufacturing, entertainment, and education. The seamless combination of the real world andvirtual environment is one of the most important characteristics of AR technology [1]. In thisstudy, we utilized this characteristic to develop a multi-user design application in

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hansika Sirikumara, Marian University

increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 111(23), pp.8410-8415.8. Brooks DC. Space matters: The impact of formal learning environments on student learning. British Journal of Educational Technology. 2011 Sep;42(5):719-26.9. Hernández-de-Menéndez M, Vallejo Guevara A, Tudón Martínez JC, Hernández Alcántara D, Morales-Menendez R. Active learning in engineering education. A review of fundamentals, best practices and experiences. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM). 2019 Sep;13(3):909-22.10. Zopf, R., Giabbiconi, C.M., Gruber, T. and Müller, M.M., 2004. Attentional modulation of the human somatosensory evoked potential

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Santana, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Greg Strimel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

Paper ID #37114Reinventing High School with a Focus on Industry-drivenDesign Projects and It’s Influence on Students as they EnterCollege “Work in Progress”Vanessa Elizabeth SantanaGreg J Strimel (Assistant Professor, Engineering/Technology TeacherEducation) Assistant Professor, Technology Leadership & Innovation at Purdue University © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Reinventing High School with a Focus on Industry-driven DesignProjects and Its Influence on Students as they Enter College “Work in Progress

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stu Thompson, Bucknell University; Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Jason Forsyth, James Madison University

surfacesimilarities with convergence. EML has gained prominence since a significant recent source offunding in engineering education has been through the Kern Family Foundation’s KEEN EMLprograms [6]. These programs make awards to schools to integrate EML into the curriculum.Both the Federal support of convergence and the private support of EML draw on similar, but notidentical belief systems. Both center on technology as a major driver of solutions to issues facingsociety. Both have a distinctly neoliberal character - convergence, through activities designed toscale innovations beyond the traditional academic sphere into the free market, and EML’s focuson entrepreneurship. Both imply the value of free market competition and emphasize sustainedeconomic

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Azadeh Bolhari, University of Colorado Boulder; Shelby Tillema, University of Colorado Boulder

associational thinking. However, studies have shown thatdesigning and implementing lesson plans for students involving innovative technologies canimprove the technological self-efficacy of the developers or teachers [26], [27]. Additionally, ateacher’s self-efficacy to manage a classroom and develop lesson plans has been positivelylinked to Innovative Work Behavior [28]. These studies indirectly show potential for acorrelation between developing lesson plans for students and the developer increasing in self-efficacy and innovative behavior.Design of open-ended, hands-on, team-based STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, andMathematics) projects for students of grades kindergarten through twelfth (K-12) (grounded inthe ISE framework) used intrinsically

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene Prado; Weining Feng, University of Houston - Downtown

Paper ID #37011Open Process Distributed Automation using IEC 61499Irene Prado Irene Prado is a senior Control and Instrumentation Engineering Technology student at the University of Houston- Downtown. She has participated in three semesters of MSEIP DOED funded research under the mentorship of Dr. Weining Feng with a focus on various distributed automation systems. She is the President of the ISA-UHD Chapter.Weining Feng Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown. Research interest in industrial control systems, distributed automation, system

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Maltese, Indiana University-Bloomington; Barbara Yarza; Kelli Paul, Indiana University-Bloomington; David Oyler

Paper ID #37408Design with Code Club: An attempt to get kids learning tocode while designing solutions to everyday problems (Work inProgress)Adam Maltese (Martha Lea and Bill Armstrong Chair for TeacherEducation) Professor in Science Education at Indiana University.Bárbara YarzaDavid OylerKelli Paul Dr. Kelli Paul is a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Research on Learning and Technology at Indiana University where her research focuses on the development of STEM interests, identity, and career aspirations in children and adolescents. © American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University

Paper ID #36721CAD Instruction in the Time of COVIDDerek Yip-Hoi Dr. Yip-Hoi received his Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan in 1997. His dissertation research focused on developing Computer-Aided Process Planning methods and software tools to support the automation of machining on Mill/Turn machining centers. Following his Ph.D., he worked for several years with the NSF Engineering Research Center for Reconfigurable Machining Systems at the University of Michigan. His work focused on developing new methodologies and techniques to assist manufacturers design and plan

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Okere, University of Cincinnati

Paper ID #36679Configuration and Use of Lightboard System in OnlineEnvironment: Lessons Learned During COVID 19 PandemicGeorge Okere George is an associate professor educator, and heavy highway chair (endowed position) in the Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management Department in the College of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Cincinnati (UC). George has over 23 years of construction industry work experience, and 11.5 years of which was with Kiewit, where he worked on various heavy civil projects. He received his PhD in Technology Management from Indiana State University

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Perez, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Faye Wachs, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Harmony Nguyen, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Deanna Miranda Barrios; Lily Gossage, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Brooke Jones

of technology-assisted supplemental instruction (TASI) on engineeringstudents’ academic achievement and sense of belonging. The TASI program is designed to assiststudents in gatekeeper courses at the second- and third-year level which are known to have lowcompletion rates. These low completion rates create frustration, slow student time to degree, andimpact student sense of belonging. This study in particular examines three different versions ofStatics courses (one in mechanical engineering, one in civil engineering and one in engineeringtechnology). The historic D,F, and W grade distribution and enrollment data are below in table1.Table 1: Academic Year 2018 data- prior to TASICourse D,F,W % Average Course

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katey Shirey, eduKatey LLC; Lisa Bosman, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

-Inspired Design and STEAM to Teach the Entrepreneurial Mindset to EngineersSociety’s need for innovators to address societal problems, prosperity, and climate change isstronger than ever. Yet, all too often, engineering undergraduates are required to leave theirpassions, interests, and causes at the door when they enter the discipline, which may contribute tosome engineering students’ alienation and attenuation from the field. This study aims to addressthis challenge (and opportunity) by highlighting preliminary findings from an engineering facultyprofessional development (PD) experience. The PD experience aimed to teach engineering facultyhow bio-inspired design and STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and math) can

Conference Session

PCEE Session 11: Engineering Outreach / Summer Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Skluzacek, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Eric Severson, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Nathan Petersen, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Martin Johnson, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Paper ID #36718Content, Connection and Careers: Kit-Based Learning andVirtual University Connections (Evaluation)Joanna M. Skluzacek (Professor) Dr. Joanna M. Skluzacek, University of Wisconsin – Madison Joanna Skluzacek is a Professor in the Division of Extension at the University of Wisconsin – Madison. The focus of her research is the impact of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) education interventions on youth learning, career interests and higher education aspirations. Skluzacek received her Ph.D. in Environmental Chemistry and Technology at the University of Wisconsin – Madison in 2005. She

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Johnson, Georgia Southern University; Priya Goeser, Georgia Southern University; Josiah Hacker, Georgia Southern University; Thomas Snyder, Georgia Southern University

Paper ID #37368The Challenge of Challenges: Virtual Engineering DesignChallenges During the COVID19 Pandemic (Evaluation)Wayne Johnson (Professor) Wayne M. Johnson is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah GA. He received his Ph.D. and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology and his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering (Cum Laude) from Louisiana State University. His current research interests include additive manufacturing, mechatronics, biomechanics, engineering education. He has published 15 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 28

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hongye Liu, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Deepak Moparthi, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Lawrence Angrave, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Jennifer Amos, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; David Dalpiaz, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Chrysafis Vogiatzis, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Sujit Varadhan, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Rebecca Reck, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Yun Huang

laboratories, and equity-focused teaching. She teaches biomedical instrumentation, signal processing, and control systems. She earned a Ph.D. in SystemsEngineering from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Iowa StateUniversity, and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Understanding the needs of students with and without disabilities for inclusive UDL-based design of Engineering courses through learning management systemsAbstractAs increasingly many classes are transitioning part or all of their content to online

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Thomas Griffin, Northeastern University; Dongye Shen, Cornell University; Jaison Patel

Paper ID #37508Customer-Driven approach in Entrepreneurship InnovationBala Maheswaran (Professor) Bala Maheswaran is currently a senior faculty in the College of Engineering, Northeastern University. He has contributed and authored over one hundred publications consisting of original research and education-related papers, and conference proceedings. He has over twenty years of experience in teaching at Northeastern University. He is the Chair of the Engineering Physics Division, ASEE, Chair and executive board member, ASEE NE Section; the co-chair of TASME Conference (Technological Advances in Science, Medicine and

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simone Nicholson, Florida International University; Trina Fletcher, Florida International University

were more equipped to execute these projects. Black women did not havethe opportunity to be trained in formalized engineering science pedagogy as white leaders andBlack conservatives of Black colleges, did not support the “scientization” of agricultural researchand teaching [26]. Along with this transformation in engineering practices, engineering becameeven more anti-Black women as a masculinized and militarized meritocracy was establishedthrough “weeding” students out with unnecessary academic endurance and rigor [22].Furthermore, one can conclude that even daily technology and artifacts were centered far fromthe needs or social politics of oppressed peoples and “enhance the power, authority, and privilegeof some over others” [28, Page 6