Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Huh? What Did You Say? What Does That Mean?

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mia L Renna, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Rebecca Avgoustopoulos, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Ryan Ware; Karthik Pattaje Sooryanarayana, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; John S Popovics, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Julie L Zilles, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

awardee and has earned professional certifications in Project Management Professional, Lean Six-Sigma Green Belt, and LEED Green Associate. Renna is a military veteran who served honorably in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as an engineering officer for over 8 years.Rebecca Avgoustopoulos Rebecca Avgoustopoulos is a PhD student in Writing Studies at the University of Illinois. She has taught First-Year Writing and Business Writing, and is currently focused on pursuing her research interests in writing across disciplines. She works with faculty to integrate writing into their STEM-oriented classrooms and to evaluate its influence on student learning.Ryan WareKarthik Pattaje Sooryanarayana Karthik Pattaje is a Ph.D

Conference Session

WIED: Community

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Cinzia Cervato, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Adrienne Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Ann Burnett, North Dakota State University; Roger Green, North Dakota State University; Carla Koretsky; David Wahl, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Lori Wingate, Western Michigan University; D. Raj Raman, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Sonia Goltz; Patricia Sotirin

Paper ID #36476Creating a collaborative cross-institutional culture to supportSTEM women of color and women with familyresponsibilities at four midwestern research institutionsCinzia Cervato Dr. Cinzia Cervato is the lead PI of the NSF-funded ADVANCE Midwest Partnership project and Morrill Professor of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences. She has served as faculty fellow for early career and term faculty in the Office of the Provost and faculty fellow for strategic planning in the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences. She earned a doctor of geology degree from the University of Padova (Italy), and a Doctor of

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session: Pedagogy and Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Hatfield, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Haley Nelson; Brian Holst; Michael Radotich; Tad Nelson, University of Alaska Fairbanks

efforts.For several years, students participating in UAF’s UAS/aerospace design courses have often matriculated to thestaff of ACUASI, having been involved in UAS design projects benefitting the research center or having becomeinvolved in flight operations by virtue of acquaintances through the instructor or other previous students. Thiscourse offers direct practical knowledge of UAS flight operations needed by ACUASI personnel to be cognizantof UAS operations campaign planning and execution. It also provides a baseline of fundamental knowledge tofuture potential collaborators who may work with ACUASI to build UAS-centric research proposals or conductflight operations. [4] [5]Finally, through the development of this course and other UAS/aerospace

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Knox, State University of New York at Binghamton; Kelli Paul, Indiana University-Bloomington; Jungsun Kim, Indiana University-Bloomington; Jing Yang; Amber Simpson, State University of New York at Binghamton; Adam Maltese, Indiana University-Bloomington; Sawsan Werfelli, State University of New York at Binghamton

overarching goal of this research project was to engagefamilies in opportunities to explore STEM concepts and skills and expand access to STEMlearning and activities into home environments. Bell et al. [38] defined learning as “a jointcollaborative effort within an intergenerational group of children and significant adults” (p. 33).Because they have more knowledge and experience, caregivers can enact various roles to supporttheir children in learning and transmit values and expectations around learning and problemsolving [39]. However, children are not considered passive learners in this study, but rather theyshare ownership in learning throughout their engagement with the engineering design cycle.Eccles’ Model of Parent Socialization [40], [41] and

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shichao Liu, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Yichen Li, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Soroush Farzin

studyAbstractAs a highly interdisciplinary industry, architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) requireeffective and seamless collaboration to deliver projects timely and with high quality. To betterprepare students with the demanding cooperative skill, collaborative learning has always been anintegral part of the education of undergraduate students. Augmented reality (AR) technology hasmatured rapidly in recent years and has been widely used in various fields such as medical,manufacturing, entertainment, and education. The seamless combination of the real world andvirtual environment is one of the most important characteristics of AR technology [1]. In thisstudy, we utilized this characteristic to develop a multi-user design application in

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Betsy Chesnutt, University of Tennessee at Knoxville; Courtney Faber, University of Tennessee at Knoxville; Daniel Mountain

115: Intro to STEM Teaching) and one designed as a service-learningcourse for engineering undergraduate students (EF 327: Engineering Design in K-12 Education),are taught together by a team of instructors from both the Engineering Fundamentals (EF)division and the department of theory and practice in teacher education (TPTE).In this combined course, students learn about the field of engineering and how it can beincorporated into K-12 STEM teaching, as well as learning about how to teach effectively andhow to create instructional materials. They complete a series of service-learning projects thatinclude working directly with K-12 students and families at community outreach events anddeveloping videos and lesson plans that can be used to teach

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chao Wang, Arizona State University

in the future.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. First, existing work on IoT and machine learningeducational efforts are briefly reviewed in the background section, along with the MATLABprerequisite. The MATLAB module on deep learning and IoT is described in detail next,followed by assessment and results. The paper ends with conclusion and future work.BackgroundExisting WorkInternet of Things education has been incorporated in undergraduate engineering curriculum atmodule [3], course [4-6] and program levels [7, 8]. Specifically, for first year engineeringstudents, an IoT lab module [3] is developed in a first year introductory C++ programmingcourse. In [9], a project-based approach is adopted to teach programming and IoT concept

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Todd Freeborn, The University of Alabama

course lectureswere provided asynchronously using the previously recorded materials with scheduledlecture periods used as work periods to support students in completing the courseassignments and/or labs. For the flipped style students were given the option to i) watchlecture content prior to scheduled course times and use in-class time for instructorsupport on assignments/labs, ii) attend the scheduled course times and watch the videolectures (with option to ask questions of the instructor), or iii) watch the lecture contenton their own time and attend lectures only when they had further questions. The intentwas to provide students the flexibility to engage with the course in the style that best metFigure 2: LiquidPlanner project management tool

Conference Session

WIED: Activities and Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anuja Kamat, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Gloria Ma, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Jiahui Song, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Tugba Arsava; James Lambrechts, Wentworth Institute of Technology

over 6 years. The students would attend a differentexperience every weekend and conclude the yearly experience with a capstone project. Ouruniversity partnered with RBTV for one weekend workshop experience. The program wasintended to be an in-person event but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this program wasconducted synchronously through Zoom virtual meetings. Our university is well known for“hands-on” learning, and we decided to keep the experience hands-on even if it had to be virtual.Students participated in STEM-related hands-on projects, connecting them to real lifeapplications and boosting students' interests in different STEM disciplines. The programrepresents part of our university’s ongoing efforts to interest young women in STEM.The

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 13: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian O'Connell, Northeastern University

courses provide some support and education formore advanced usage, those courses rely heavily on the first-year engineering curriculum tohandle that initial introduction of MATLAB and instruction in its general use. This is sufficientfor some students but very challenging for others. This project hopes to provide some relief byintroducing a more situated learning experience in their initial MATLAB instruction.Typical MATLAB curriculum at the introductory level focuses on simple exercises on theprogramming concepts with simple concepts or using randomly generated information. Eventhough MathWorks' various promotional materials focus on its use as a support tool in controlsystems, robotics, deep-learning, and more, their help documentation

Conference Session

Statics Fanatics 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Powell, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kimberly Lechasseur, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Sarah Wodin-Schwartz, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Paper ID #38029Improvement in Student Learning Objectives from GroupDiscussions Between Exam SittingsAdam Powell I am an Associate Professor in the Mechanical & Materials Engineering department, having joined the WPI faculty in August 2018. My field is materials processing, and research focuses on greenhouse gas emissions reduction, elimination, and drawdown. Current projects aim to reduce vehicle body weight, lower solar cell manufacturing energy use and cost with improved safety, reduce or eliminate aviation greenhouse gas impact, power ships and trains with zero emissions, and improve grid stability as

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University; Zeynep Durak, Washington State University; Olivia Reynolds, Washington State University; Kitana Kaiphanliam, Washington State University; David Thiessen, Washington State University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University; Oluwafemi Ajeigbe; Aminul Islam Khan, Washington State University; Prashanta Dutta, Washington State University; Heidi Curtis, Campbell University; Carah Watson, Campbell University; Jacqueline Gartner, Campbell University

Paper ID #38378Development, dissemination and assessment of inexpensiveminiature equipment for interactive learning of fluidmechanics, heat transfer and biomedical conceptsBernard J. Van Wie (Professor)Zeynep Durak I am Zeynep, I am currently a chemical engineering Ph.D. student at Washington State University. I am working on a project with my group on developing desktop learning modules (DLMs) to be used in classrooms to enhance undergraduate STEM education. I consider myself a responsible and motivated person. I am an outgoing person and I love being socially active in the work environment.Olivia Reynolds

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Davishahl, Whatcom Community College; Lee Singleton; Todd Haskell; Kathryn Rupe, Western Washington University; Leslie Glen

, investigating the use of hands-on models in Calculus II and Statics. Dr. Singleton has been involved with national and local organizations such as Achieving the Dream, AMATYC (American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges), and WAMATYC (Washington branch of AMATYC).Todd HaskellKathryn Mary Rupe (Assistant Professor of Math Education)Leslie Glen © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Scaffolding Spatial Abilities in Integral CalculusAbstractThis NSF-IUSE exploration and design project began in fall 2018 and features cross-disciplinarycollaboration between engineering, math, and psychology faculty to develop

Conference Session

ERM: Engineering Identity: (Identity Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Budinoff, The University of Arizona; Vignesh Subbian, The University of Arizona; Francesca Lopez

Hispanic/Latinx and 30% identify as female. We quantify changes instudents’ engineering identity, sense of belonging in engineering, and engineering self-efficacyover one semester for students who participated in asset mapping activities (n=31) and comparethese changes to students in a control section of the same course (n=38). In our pilot deploymentof asset maps, students tended to identify mostly technical skills (e.g., data analysis, prototyping)in their initial asset maps and in subsequent course activities related to asset development.Implementation lessons learned relating to teaming, discussions of implicit bias, and valuingdiverse assets in design projects are also presented. These findings can help the engineeringeducation community

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kacey Beddoes, San Jose State University; Sarah Grajdura, University of California, Davis

Paper ID #37334A Systematic Literature Review of the Research on GenderedSocialization in Graduate Engineering EducationSarah Allison Grajdura Sarah is a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California Davis. Her research interests combine sustainable transportation, natural disasters, transportation equity, and engineering education. She holds a Ph.D. in civil environmental engineering from University of California Davis.Kacey Beddoes (Project Director) Kacey Beddoes, Project Director, San Jose State University College of Engineering Dean’s Office and Research

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pavlo Antonenko; Zhen Xu; Do Hyong Koh; Christine Wusylko, University of Florida; Kara Dawson; Swarup Bhunia; Amber Benedict

Disabilities Quarterly, Teaching Exceptional Children,andIntervention School and Clinic. She is committed to collaborative grant writing and is the co-principal investigator of literacy projects funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. A former special education teacher, Amber has taught in Iowa, Arizona, and Florida, and was a post-doctoral associate at Collaboration for Effective Educator Development, Accountability and Reform (CEEDAR Center) and clinical assistant professor within the College of Education at University of Florida. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bryce Hughes, Montana State University - Bozeman; Sidrah MGWatson; Sarah Heller; Leilani Contos

in STEM. He is currently Principal Investigator on an NSF CAREER funded project examining the experiences of LGBTQ students in STEM.Sidrah MG MG Watson Mother, Graduate research assistant, Post Traditional student exploring Queer & Trans student experiences in STEMLeilani ContosSarah Heller Sarah Heller is a Freshman at Montana State University - Bozeman. She is majoring in Physics with minors in Mathematics and Data Science. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com CAREER: Exploring LGBTQ Student Trajectories and Belonging in STEM Through Social Network AnalysisIntroductionEngineering

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qin Zhu, Colorado School of Mines; Rockwell Clancy, Colorado School of Mines; Andrea Gammon, Delft University of Technology; Ryan Thorpe

educational to set up a course and write a corresponding textbook on global engineering ethics for a grant project at Purdue. His research and teaching interests lie at the intersection of moral psychology, engineering and technology ethics, and Chinese philosophy. His papers have appeared in Nature Human Behaviour, Science and Engineering Ethics, International Journal of Ethics Education, Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, New Directions in Children & Adolescent Psychology, Philosophy and Literature, the Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy, Modernity/modernism, Metapsychology Online Reviews, and the Journal of Philosophy.Ryan Thorpe (Associate Professor) © American Society for

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Wainscott, University of Nevada - Las Vegas

theproportion of authors within one or more of these groups is already underrepresented, the path fromauthor to potential reader is still a difficult one. Clearly, a more intentional approach to discovering and selecting these books is needed untilthese barriers and biases in the system are removed. Ideally, library workers charged with selectingmaterials for the collection are familiar with the subject areas, patron needs, and publishing trends forthose areas. However, no single library worker has lived-experience in all of the perspectives andbackgrounds within our world. Some communication with or from the experts in the subject area and ourpatrons is necessary. Blume and Roylance described an intentional project to build and

Conference Session

PCEE Session 3: Robotics and Design Competitions

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; Jason McKenna, VEX Robotics; Lauren Harter, VEX Robotics

full scale applications”4.Multiple literature reviews were conducted on use of reconfigurable and scalable modularrobotic systems in teaching industrial robotics and automation. The results showed alimited number of studies where a reconfigurable and scalable modular system beingused in teaching industrial robotics and automation at a pre-college or college level: • Hsieh has been teaching reconfigurable and scalable systems projects while applying a comprehensive approach that addresses multiple learning styles and integrates knowledge and skills5. Most intriguing part of Hsieh’s research is the use of Fischertechnik, which is a modular construction system that can be used in building and simulating industrial

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Rice, Utah State University; Steven Jones, The University of Alabama

William J. Fulbright of Arkansasintroduced a bill in the US Congress in 1945 to create an international exchange program ofscholars and students. The bill creating the Fulbright program was signed into law in 1946.Today, the Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program awards more than 800 fellowships annually to teach,research, and conduct professional projects in countries around the world. While often perceivedas a program for university academics the program is also open to professionals, artists,journalists, scientists, and independent scholars outside of academia.The authors are US Civil Engineering Professors who participated in the Fulbright ScholarsProgram in recent years. Dr. Rice completed his program in the Netherlands in 2019 where hetaught at the

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 14: Introductory Programming Assessment, Plagiarism, Motivation, Engagement, and Textbooks

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Alford, University of Michigan; Heather Rypkema, University of Michigan; Ryien Hosseini, University of Michigan; Megan Beemer, University of Michigan; Harsh Jhaveri, University of Michigan

literature.Historic Structure of Our Large, Introductory Programming CourseHere, we provide context for the study by detailing the relevant details of the course beforeshifting from two exams to four low stakes assessments.This introductory programming course of approximately 700 students/semester is typicallystaffed as the following: 3 faculty instructors, 9 graduate teaching assistants, 8 undergraduateteaching assistants, 1 grader, 1 administrative assistant. The assignments in the course weregenerally weighted as: Weekly Reviews (15%), Labs (15%), Projects (30%), Exams (40%).The course has used weekly reviews as low stress/low-level formative individual assessments as acheck to identify students who are struggling with the course material prior to taking

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter Schilling, Milwaukee School of Engineering

mentoring students on senior design .projects. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.comWIP: Integrating Modern Development Practices into a Software Engineering CurriculumAbstract: The field of software engineering is ever changing. The latest IEEE Curriculum Guidelines,SE2014: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Software Engineering waspublished in 2014. Since then, the discipline has continued to evolve as the complexity of softwaresystems has reached unprecedented levels. This growth has resulted in organizations shifting to a formof development referred to as DevOps. DevOps is "an interdisciplinary approach and means to

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 1 - STEM Outreach

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Aruch, University of Maryland College Park; Vincent Nguyen, University of Maryland College Park; Rebecca Kenemuth

requirements into the mechanical engineering capstone projects, introducing non-profit partnerships related to designs for persons with disabilities, and founding the Social/Environmental Design Impact Award. He manages several outreach and diversity efforts including the large-scale Get Out And Learn (GOAL) engineering kit program that reaches thousands of local K-12 students. He has received the Volunteers for Medical Engineering (VME) 2020 Faculty of the Year award, Engineering for US All (e4usa) 2021 Most Outstanding University Partner Award, and the VME 2021 Volunteer of the Year award. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Evan Lemley, University of Central Oklahoma; Sezin Kadioglu, University of Central Oklahoma

lecture notes, tutorials, coding project documentation, and many more.Finally, cloud-based code sharing and versioning systems such as git [10], the fundamentalsystem used by web platform, github [11], have become standard operating procedure forsoftware engineers, so that git and related technologies are creeping into workflows ofengineers that are not software developers.MatlabAll students in the five engineering programs at UCO that take an introduction to engineeringcomputing course are exposed to Matlab [4]. Matlab training is an important skill for manyengineering students especially in signals and control systems. Our curriculum does use Matlabfor courses focused in these areas. The fact that some of our students need to know C, Matlab,and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maryam Darbeheshti, University of Colorado Denver; Miriam Howland Cummings, University of Colorado Denver; Stephanie Ivey, The University of Memphis; David Russomanno, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Karen Alfrey, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Danny King, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Jeffrey Watt; Craig Stewart; Michael Jacobson, University of Colorado Denver; Tom Altman; Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado Denver; Gregory Simon, University of Colorado Denver

activities andsupports designed to increase student success, attitudes, workforce readiness, and STEM self-efficacy; and to ensure substantial student participation in project activities through a specialbadge system incentivizing participation using an online academic social networking platformcalled Course Networking (the CN). Through the CN, students at all three campusescommunicate with each other, building a community among the students at each campus.The Urban STEM Collaboratory project goals are to: 1. Increase at each institution the recruitment, retention, student success, and graduation rates of academically talented and financially needy undergraduate mathematical sciences and engineering majors; 2

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Gross; Kevin Coogan; Sarah Heckman, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Gabriel Silva de Oliveira, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

believed that overriding a method in asubclass changes the superclass. The assignment used in this research addresses all fourmisconceptions, and in the context of design, rather than programming or comprehension, as inMills.Research QuestionsWhile the ultimate goal for this research is to improve instruction of polymorphism, it is firstnecessary to define a model to evaluate outcomes. Assessing polymorphism comprehension inexams requires using low-stakes conceptual questions or simplistic programming problems [12],and completed homework and projects do not demonstrate which aspects of polymorphism astudent found challenging to design. The research questions addressed here are: 1. How can polymorphism comprehension be modeled? 2. How can

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Assorted Topics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Echempati, Kettering University

based on one of the term projects of a mezzanine levelmechanical engineering (ME) elective course on Lightweighting and Joining of Structures. The11-week duration class (including the final exam week) at Kettering University consisted of bothsenior undergraduate and graduate ME students. The prerequisites for the course includemechanics, CAE, design, material science and finite element analysis (FEA). For the analysiscarried in this paper, the currently used all-steel railcar truck stand has been redesigned andmodeled as a simplified 3D space frame using standard tubular (pipe section) members.Although the simplified model does not represent in any way the actual stand used in the railcarindustry, it is anticipated to serve the same purpose as

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 6 Design Pedagogy

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caitlin Knowles, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Amanda Mills, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Jesse Jur, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Yan Shen, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

applications such as flight simulators for pilot and surgical traininghave been used for decades [8], [9] and show that the psychomotor skills used in the VR activitycan transfer when the same activity is performed in-person [6].A common problem in engineering education is knowledge retention and transfer betweencourses and between coursework and industry [10]. Active learning and project-based learninghave been shown to improve knowledge retention [11], [12], yet this type of experiential learninghas traditionally required resources that only in-person education offers. Engineering design, forexample, requires hands-on experience for students to grasp the tangible and practicaldifferences between a digital and physical prototype [13]. In the design

Conference Session

Broadening Participation and Inclusion in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Beem, Ashesi University

transformative tools in their teaching.This paper explores the hypothesis that in addition to mastery experiences, which can beexperienced through project-based learning, the physical environment also plays a significantrole in affecting African students’ sense of possibility and therefore self-efficacy. By restrictingstudents from entering the campus environment, as necessarily happened with the onset of theCOVID-19 pandemic, conditions for an experiment were naturally created. By comparingresponses to the same surveys administered to the engineering students at Ashesi University(Ghana) between the cohorts who conducted their first year in person versus online, the authorstudies the extent to which the physical environment influences students’ self