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Conference Session
Technical Sessions 2
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Gang Liu, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45310Comparison of Undergraduate Engineering Students and High School StudentsSolving Authentic ProblemsDr. Gang Liu, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford Dr. Gang Liu is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology in the Division of Physical and Computational Sciences, at the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. He received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering in 2006 and another Ph.D. degree in engineering education in 2018. He teaches mechanical engineering undergraduate courses, including statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, etc. His research interests include in-class
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Sylmarie Davila-Montero, The Citadel
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
, from problem identification toprototype presentation.IntroductionA key part of the journey of any engineering student is their engagement in the engineeringdesign process (EDP). Recognized as essential for students to develop their critical thinking andproblem-solving skills, the EDP equips students with tools to identify needs and conceptualizesolutions. The accreditation board for engineering and technology, ABET, defines EDP as theprocess of “devising a system to meet desired needs and specifications within constraints” [1].All students in ABET accredited programs are required to engage in a “major engineering designexperience that 1) incorporates appropriate engineering standards and multiple constraints, and2) is based on the knowledge
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Lianjun Wu, Mercer University; Arash Afshar, Mercer University; Dorina Marta Mihut; Belle Lin; Melanie L McElroy, Mercer University ; Jordi Riera Shephard, Mercer University; Michael James Norenberg, Mercer University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
research interests focus on soft robotics and smart materials.Dr. Arash Afshar, Mercer University Dr. Arash Afshar is an associate professor at the School of Engineering at Mercer University. He holds an M.S. in Systems and Design and a Ph.D. in Solid Mechanics from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, as well as a B.S. and M.S. in Solid Mechanics from Amirkabir University of Technology in Tehran, Iran. His teaching and research interests encompass solid mechanics, with a focus on composite materials, finite element analysis, mechanical design, and machine learning. Before joining Mercer, Dr. Afshar taught at Saginaw Valley State University and worked as a design engineer in the oil and gas and injection
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 1
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Zhou Zhang, SUNY Farmingdale State College; Yizhe Chang, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
topics involving Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Computer Science.Yizhe Chang, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Dr Yizhe Chang is an assistant professor of mechanical engineering in Cal Poly Pomona. His research focuses on robotics, especially on how to adapting new technology in boosting human-robot interaction. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Fall 2024 ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference, Farmingdale, New York, USA, October 25-26 Zhang, Z., Chang, Y. Leveraging Generative AI to Enhance Engineering Education At Both Low- Level And High-Level Study
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Chuck H. Margraves, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; KIDAMBI SREENIVAS, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Trevor S. Elliott, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Lance Isaac Rose, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
.[2] M. Evrat and R. Sharma, “Laboratory Modules For Wind Turbine Experiments Using theWindLab Facility At The University of Queensland”, School of Information Technology andElectrical Engineering, Power and Energy System, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia,QLD, 2015.[3] Ansys® Fluent with Fluent Meshing, Release R2, ANSYS, Inc., 2024.
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Kenneth Stafford Sands II, Auburn University; Andrew Hughes, Auburn University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45387A Mobile Wall Mockup (MWM) as a Learning Tool for Construction andEngineering EducationDr. Kenneth Stafford Sands II, Auburn University Kenneth S. Sands II is an Assistant Professor at Auburn University in the McWhorter School of Building Science.Andrew Hughes, Auburn University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 A Mobile Wall Mockup (MWM) as a Learning Tool for Construction and Engineering EducationAbstractMockups play a critical role in construction and engineering, offering tangible ways tounderstand complex system components and improve quality
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Hai T Ho, Kennesaw State University; Scott J. Tippens, Kennesaw State University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
community leader * Certified John Maxwell leadership coach and speakerProf. Scott J. Tippens, Kennesaw State University I am a full professor at Southern Polytechnic State University and I am the founding director of the Alternative Energy Innovation Center at SPSU. I’ve been teaching in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology department for approximately 17 ye ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025Engineering Student Retention: Integrating Corporate Onboarding Practices with Social Identity and Self-Determination TheoriesAbstractRetention in engineering disciplines remains a persistent challenge for higher education. Thisstudy explores a novel approach inspired by corporate
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Gregory J. Mazzaro, The Citadel
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Activities in Electromagnetics Courses at Other InstitutionsThe electrical-engineering curricula at many research-oriented universities favor EM courseswhich are heavy in theory; most hands-on lab activities do not fit within the scope or the timeavailable [1]. Electromagnetic experiments are usually reserved for graduate courses,specialized in high-frequency circuit analysis and/or wireless technologies. Some schools offeradvanced-EM courses as electives; there, circuit design software can be used to draw andsimulate EM structures (e.g. microstrip circuits). Schools equipped with a milling machine canexport those drawings and etch radio-frequency (RF) and millimeter-wave designs (e.g.amplifiers, couplers) [2]. In a dedicated lab course, students
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 4
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Alireza Dalili, Farmingdale State College
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45384Designing hands-on labs for an electrical principles course as part of themechanical engineering programDr. Alireza Dalili, Farmingdale State College Assistant Professor ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Designing hands-on labs for an electrical principles course as part of the mechanical engineering program Alireza Dalili Farmingdale State College - SUNYAbstract Mechanical engineering students at Farmingdale State College take MET230: ElectricalPrinciples as a core course to be
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Shobhit Aggarwal, The Citadel; Gregory J. Mazzaro, The Citadel
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45817Enhancing Student Engagement in Electrical Engineering: The Impact ofHands-On Learning Tools on Student EngagementDr. Shobhit Aggarwal, The Citadel Dr. Aggarwal earned his Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication from Kurukshetra University, India in 2014, a Masters of Science and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 2018 and 2023 respectively. After graduation, he served as an Embedded Firmware Engineer in an IoT-based Engineering organization in Charlotte and held a position as a Senior Embedded Software Engineer at a Fortune 500 electrical
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 1
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Xiaojin Ye, State University of New York, College of Technology at Farmingdale; Nur Dean, Farmingdale State College, State University of New York
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
interest in Machine Learning classification. Passionate about mentoring undergraduate students, she has guided many in the realms of Game Theory and Machine Learning. Additionally, Dr. Dean has contributed her expertise as a judge at regional events such as the New York State Science & Engineering Fair (NYSSEF) and the WAC Lighting Invitational Science Fair.Dr. Xiaojin Ye, State University of New York, College of Technology at Farmingdale I am an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Systems at Farmingdale State College. My primary research interests include theoretical computer science, set operators, mathematical morphology, mathematical education, and computer science education
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Rebekah L Martin, Virginia Military Institute; Kacie Caple D'Alessandro, Virginia Military Institute; Charles D Newhouse P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Tanjina Afrin, Virginia Military Institute
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
/colleges-schools/engineering-computing/engineering/civil- environmental-infrastructure/civil-infrastructure-engineering-bs/#requirementstext[12] Old Dominion University. “Academic Catalog 2024 – 2025: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.” Accessed 9 January 2025. [Online] Available: https://catalog.odu.edu/undergraduate/engineering-technology/civil-environmental- engineering/civil-engineering-bsce/#degreeprogramguidetext[13] Virginia Military Institute. “2024-2025 Academic Catalog: Civil Engineering B.S.” Accessed 9 January 2025. [Online] Available: https://catalog.vmi.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=36&poid=2636&returnto=1395[14] Liberty University. “Course Catalog: Civil Engineering (B.S
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 5
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Raul Armendariz, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Corey Stalerman; Tak Cheung; Sunil Dehipawala, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45302Assessment of radiation learning in Physics-Two Course using the US Guidelinesfor nuclear engineer and technician careersDr. Raul Armendariz, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College Associate professor of physicsCorey Stalerman Physics instructor at Queensborough Community College.Prof. Tak Cheung Tak Cheung, Ph.D., professor of physics, teaches in CUNY Queensborough Community College. He also conducts research and mentors student research projects.Dr. Sunil Dehipawala, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College Sunil Dehipawala received his B.S. degree from University of
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Kimberly A Luthi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; MICHAEL KOSLOSKI, Old Dominion University; Bettina Mrusek, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Professional Papers
in Engineering and Technology Education," National Center for Engineering and Technology Education, 2006.[5] A.M. Cohen, & F.B. Brawer, "The American Community College," Adult Education Quarterly, vol. 60(3), pp. 306–308, 2008.[6] M.H. Holmes, J.L. Jackson, & R. Stoiko, "Departmental dialogues: Facilitating positive academic climates to improve equity in STEM disciplines," Innovative Higher Education. vol. 41(5), pp. 381–94. 2016.[7] L. Hopewell, C.L. McNeely, E.S. Kuiler, & J.O. Hahm, "University Leaders and the public agenda: Talking about women and diversity in STEM fields," Review of Policy Research, vol. 26(5), pp. 589-607, 2009.[8] M.F. Kosloski, & J.M. Ritz, "Research needs: Career and technical
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Chaohui Ren, Auburn University; Cheryl Seals, Auburn University; Nilanjana Raychawdhary, Auburn University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Professional Papers
, diverse student groups. Lookingahead, incorporating tailored educational strategies could further optimize learning outcomes byaddressing individual learning needs within such heterogeneous classrooms.KeywordsComputing Education, Visualization, Programming Language Learning, Real-World Hands-OnPractice, Active Learning, Phased Assessment, Data-Driven Results1 IntroductionWith the rapid development of AI and digital technologies, computing education has become acornerstone of university curricula, particularly in engineering disciplines. At Auburn University,the course COMP1200 introduces all undergraduate engineering students to MATLAB program-ming, regardless of their prior experience. This large and diverse cohort primarily consists ofnon
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Kimberly T. Luthi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; David Paul Harvie, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; John K Wilson, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; Monica Surrency, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Professional Papers
Aeronautical University-Worldwide campus. She holds a Master’s in Instructional Systems from Florida State University and a Ph.D. in Learning Technologies from the University of North Texas (UNT). She is the 2022 recipient of the Robert M. Gagn´e Award for Graduate Student Research in Instructional Design for her Ph.D. dissertation at UNT. Currently, she is working on a multi-year NSF grant researching Peer-Led Team Learning in asynchronous online engineering courses for non-traditional military and Veteran college students. Her contributions to this grant include logistical setup for the control and experimental courses, recruiting research participants, conducting interviews, along with collecting, coding, and analyzing
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
M. A. Karim P.E., BCEE, F.ASCE, M.ASEE, University of West Florida
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #49498Impact of Attendance on Student Performance in Environmental EngineeringCourses after the End of COVID-19 Intervention: A Case StudyDr. M. A. Karim P.E., BCEE, F.ASCE, M.ASEE, University of West Florida University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Bldg. 4, Room 326, Florida 32514, USA. Phone: (850) 474-2513 (W) / (804) 986-3120 (Cell); Emails: mkarim@uwf.edu / makarim@juno.com ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Impact of Attendance on Student Performance in Environmental Engineering Courses after the End of COVID-19 Intervention: A Case
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Phyllis Beck, Mississippi State University; Alexis P. Nordin, Mississippi State University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45820Better Student Presentations: A Mini-Course in Visual Design Principles toTurn Engineering Students Into More Effective Communicators Immediately(Work in Progress)Ms. Phyllis Beck, Mississippi State University Phyllis Beck is a blend of art and science having completed an undergraduate degree in Fine Arts at MSU and a PH.D in Computer Science where she focused on applying Artificial Intelligence, Natural language Processing and Machine Learning techniques to the engineering education space. Currently, she is working as an Assistant Research Professor at Mississippi State University in the Bagley College of
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 5
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Mercy Folashade Fash, North Carolina A&T State University; Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina A&T State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Professional Papers
Paper ID #45360Impact of a Femalized Architecture, Engineering, and Construction KinestheticLearning Model on the AEC Career Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and OutcomeExpectations of African American Middle School GirlsMiss Mercy Folashade Fash, North Carolina A&T State University Mercy Fash is a dedicated and accomplished PhD candidate in the Applied Science and Technology program at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NC A&T). Her research is primarily focused on increasing racial and gender diversity in STEM careers, addressing critical gaps and promoting inclusivity in these fields. Mercy’s
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 3
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Wenhai Li, Farmingdale State College; Foluso Ladeinde, Stony Brook University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45314Incorporating Advanced Industry Practices into the Undergraduate ThermalSystem Design CourseDr. Wenhai Li, Farmingdale State College Assistant Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY 11735Dr. Foluso Ladeinde, Stony Brook University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Fall 2024 ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference Incorporating Modern Heat Transfer Surfaces into a Senior- Level Thermal System Design Course Wenhai Li
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel; Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; Nahid Vesali P.E., The Citadel
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Professional Papers
University, and Lawrence Technological University frequently hadmultiple fellows each year, indicating a strong institutional commitment to KEEN’s mission(Table 1). Additionally, the fellowship continued to attract new institutions annually, suggestingthat KEEN’s influence is reaching an ever-wider network of engineering programs. KEEN Fellows By Academic Rank 35 30 Number of Fellows 25 20 15 10 5 0 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel; William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel; Tess Doeffinger, The Citadel; Anthony Songer, Boise State University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
has beenshown that using this strategy can lead to more prepared students [9].Adjusting lesson plans presents several challenges for instructors. These include increasedinstructor workload and technological issues. Significant time requirements are required forinstructors to review pre-class assignments and adjust lessons plans with limited time [10]. Theincreasing use of learning management systems (LMS) enhances evaluation and turnaround time.However, technical issues (i.e., incorporating images, videos, audio, and interactive elements)and student access must be considered. In 2022-23, web-based pre-class reading responses wereimplemented in Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, andEngineering Economy to
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Lionel Hewavitharana, Southern Arkansas University; Mahbub K Ahmed P.E., Southern Arkansas University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
University of Texas (El Paso) in 2008. He earned his Ba ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Capstone Design Experience at Southern Arkansas University – The Model, Implementation, and Relevance in ABET Accreditation Process.AbstractCapstone Design is a critical course in Bachelor of Science (BS) engineering degree programs.Since the introduction of the course in the 1980s, it has become an integral part of engineeringprograms not only in the United States (US) but also in foreign nations. The Accreditation Boardfor Engineering and Technology (ABET) places a heavy emphasis on Capstone Design experiencein its program evaluation because this course helps students transfer from school to the
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Kari J Lippert, University of South Alabama; Sean Walker, University of South Alabama; Roy Daniel McLeod, University of South Alabama; Sudhanshu Tarale, University of South Alabama; Christine Goldman Robinson, University of South Alabama; Matthew Christopher Monday, University of South Alabama; David Seger, University of South Alabama
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
several domains already. Largecomplex systems are being fitted with appropriate sensors and actuators to enable thistechnology. Manufacturing is one of the early adopters of this technology, but DT are beingsuccessfully implemented in a variety of domains including production systems[1, 2],agricultural systems[3], utility systems [4], healthcare systems [5], and military systems[6].While there are discussions on the use of digital twins in systems engineering [7], there is nocourse or textbook and few instructional materials are available outside of articles about thepromise of the technology or a specific implementation.DT technology is rapidly growing into its own field, straddling data science, computer science,artificial intelligence
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Bryn Elizabeth Seabrook, University of Virginia
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45474AI Unleashed: Navigating Ethical Integration of Generative Tools in an UndergraduateClassroomDr. Bryn Elizabeth Seabrook, University of Virginia Bryn Seabrook is an Assistant Professor in Science, Technology, and Society at the University of Virginia. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 AI Unleashed: Navigating Ethical Integration of Generative Tools in an Undergraduate ClassroomAbstractAs generative AI tools increasingly permeate educational settings, the need for a criticalexamination of their integration in undergraduate classrooms becomes paramount
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Sean Walker, University of South Alabama; Kari J Lippert, University of South Alabama
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
impact of flipped classrooms on student achievement in engineering education: A meta-analysis of 10 years of research," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 523-546, 2019.[3] R. Castedo, L. Lopez, M. Chiquito, J. Navarro, J. Cabrera and M. Ortega, "Flipped classroom—comparative case study in engineering higher education," Computer Application in Engineering Education, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 206-216, 2018.[4] M. Chen, "Synergizing computer‐aided design, commercial software, and cutting‐edge technologies in an innovative nozzle test apparatus for an engineering laboratory course," Computer Applications in Engineering Education, vol. 32, no. 5, p. e22773, 2024.[5] C. Chen, "Flipped classroom with case-based learning
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Sultan Al Shafian, Kennesaw State University; Da Hu, Kennesaw State University; Jayhyun Kwon P.E., Kennesaw State University; Adam Kaplan, Kennesaw State University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45684Augmented Reality for Teaching Rebar Configurations: Improving Comprehensionand Student EngagementMr. Sultan Al Shafian, Kennesaw State University Sultan Al Shafian is currently pursuing his PhD in Interdisciplinary Engineering from Kennesaw State University. His research focus area is Smart Infrastructure. He received his BSc and MSc degrees in Civil Engineering from the Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 8 years in the field of civil engineering, Sultan Al Shafian contributed his expertise to significant mega
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 1
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Rajarajan Subramanian, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Sofia M Vidalis, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
Paper ID #45385Writing skills can be improved using AI tools: An AnalysisDr. Rajarajan Subramanian, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College Rajarajan Subramanian currently holds the position of Associate Teaching Professor of Civil Engineering and Construction (SDCET) programs at Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. He has 25 years of experience in academia, in teaching roles, including 10 years at Annamalai University in India and three years at Linton Institute of Technology in Malaysia. He also has 10 years of professional engineering experience. Prior to joining Pennsylvania State
Conference Session
Technical Sessions 4
Collection
2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Tracey Carbonetto, Pennsylvania State University, Allentown
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Professional Papers
contracts. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 54.Rubio, F., & Llopis-Albert, C. (2022). Best practices in syllabus design and course planning applied to mechanical engineering subjects. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences,9(2), 118-124.Ulmer, J. M. (2018). Evolving characteristics of today’s applied engineering college-level educator: 2013 to 2017. The Journal of Technology Studies, 44(1), 28–40.
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Michael V Potter, Francis Marion University; Lorna Cintron-Gonzalez, Francis Marion University
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
reporthighlighted that ever-advancing technologies and increasingly complex problems requireengineers to work effectively in inter- and multidisciplinary teams [1]. A more recent report inthe UK by the Royal Academy of Engineering further emphasized the increasing need forengineers to develop multidisciplinary skills to work effectively on technological advances at theintersections of traditional disciplines [2]. Broo et al. further note that many traditionalboundaries between different engineering disciplines are “eroding”, thus necessitating engineersto be capable of continually learning new skills across disciplines [3]. These drivers are likelyamong the reasons that the use of “multidisciplinary” and similar terms in peer-reviewed paperscontinues to