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Displaying results 8641 - 8670 of 18139 in total
Collection
2008 GSW
Authors
E. H. Shaban
disciplines and are considered elective courses at the undergraduatelevel degree. Some schools have added an extra year (fifth year) to allow the student to graduatewith a master degree in addition to the undergraduate degree in electrical engineering. All thesecourses should be elective courses, in my opinion, to allow the electrical engineering student toexpand his knowledge in depth about his or her own interest. It does not make any sense that ageneral electrical engineering degree should be introduced by requiring the student to takemultiple unrelated courses in many disciplines. During teaching undergraduate students inelectrical engineering, I discovered that many students do not pass the communication course forthe first time. Similar
Conference Session
Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Najwa Hanel, University of Southern California
Tagged Divisions
International
academicinstitution that sustained excellence in teaching and research for almost one and a halfcenturies during which the institution celebrated the elation of success, but also enduredmany tragic events. My hope is to encourage you, the engineering faculty, to get involvedin international engineering education programs in response to the global challenges thatthe AUB and other institutions face and experience throughout the world.A Historical Perspective -- In 1862, what is now Lebanon was part of the Ottoman Empire, which then ruled most of the Middle East. American missionaries in the region had built a Syrian Protestant College under the direction of the American Board Commissioners for Foreign Missions. They asked Dr. Daniel
Conference Session
Problem Solving, Adaptive Expertise, and Social Engagement
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello P.E., Utah State University; Jacek Uziak, University of Botswana; Andreas Febrian, Utah State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
engineering.Prof. Jacek Uziak, University of Botswana Jacek Uziak is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Botswana. He received his MSc in Mechanical Engineering from the AGH University of Technology in Krakow, Poland and his PhD in Technical Sciences from the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland. For the past 35 years he has been working at universities mainly in Poland and Botswana; his career includes teaching and research assignments also in Canada, Czech Republic, Norway, UK, Netherlands, France, Germany and USA. He specializes in engineering mechanics and teaches courses in this area. He has particular interest in engineering education.Mr. Andreas Febrian, Utah State
Conference Session
Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Raghu Echempati P.E., Kettering University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
using and practicing real life scenarios.Bringing real life examples to impart engineering experience to a student has been verychallenging perhaps due to the way the curricula have been designed. Laboratory experimentstend to supplement what we teach in theory classes; however, not always they go hand in hand toget the students‟ attention and ability to gain insights in to a clear understanding of theunderlying concepts discussed in the theory that they perceive. As instructors, we try our levelbest to narrow this gap by bringing demonstration apparatuses to classes, involve industryspeakers to speak to the class, or show media clips, etc., which certainly help the majority ofstudents to learn engineering principles just in time. Organizations
Conference Session
Writers, Experts, and the Workforce in Civil Engineering
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cara N. Morton P.E, Washington State University; Anna Karin Roo, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Paper ID #25104Strategies to Improve Engineers’ Writing of Executive SummariesDr. Cara N. Morton P.E, Washington State University Cara is professional engineer and has three years of structural engineering design experience from the design of marine structures in the Gulf of Mexico to the design of shear walls in seven story concrete buildings governed by seismic loads in Seattle, WA. She currently serves as Clinical Professor at Wash- ington State University teaching the Integrated Civil Engineering Design class where a broad knowledge base from stormwater management to traffic engineering is required. Regarding
Conference Session
Around the Water Cooler: Ideas and Issues in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Nicolas Ali Libre, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Stuart Werner Baur, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Mark Fitch, Missouri University of Science and Technology; William Eric Showalter P.E., Missouri University of Science and Technology
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Paper ID #30843Introducing High School Students to Engineering Disciplines: Activitiesand AssessmentDr. Nicolas Ali Libre, Missouri University of Science and Technology Nicolas Ali Libre, PhD, is an assistant teaching professor of Civil Engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology. He received his BS (2001), MS (2003) and PhD (2009) in civil engineer- ing with emphasis in structural engineering, from University of Tehran, Iran. His research interests and experiences are in the field of computational mechanics, cement-based composite materials as well as in- novative teaching techniques. Dr. Libre is the
Conference Session
Educational Software
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Smith, U. of St. Thomas - St. Paul
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
. Page 12.117.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A spreadsheet-based simulation of CPU instruction executionAbstract The Spreadsheet CPU simulates a central processing unit for teaching purposes. The simulatorprovides interactive instruction execution like the “Little Man Computer,” the LC-3, and othersimulators, but it is not a stand-alone program. Instead, it is implemented atop an off-the-shelfcopy of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet cells make it easy for students toobserve the simulator's internal operation and to modify its operation if necessary. TheSpreadsheet CPU was originally used in introductory computer literacy classes to present theconcept
Conference Session
Sustainability & Environmental Issues
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William Gaughran, University of Limerick; Stephen Burke, University of Limerick; Sonya Quinn, University of Limerick
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
educational intervention modules for SMEs as well as for engineering and design undergraduates for Interregional EU application. He lectures in design for sustainability across a number of courses in UL, and endeavours to link academic research with industry, through seminars and onsite coaching. He believes that the application of sustainability strategies is not just a moral obligation in manufacturing, but also helps secure competitive advantage. He holds a PhD in Design and Ergonomics from Brunel University.Stephen Burke, University of Limerick Stephen Burke graduated from the University of Limerick with a 1st Honours in Technology Education in 2002. He has served for two years as a teaching
Conference Session
Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering I
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin Dong, Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo; Thomas Leslie, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
2006-1289: CROSS-DISCIPLINE, CROSS-COUNTRY: A COLLABORATIVEDESIGN STUDIO INTEGRATING ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERINGKevin Dong, Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo Kevin Dong, S.E. is an Associate Professor of Architectural Engineering (ARCE) at Cal Poly – San Luis Obispo. For the past five years he has been teaching classes that emphasize structural systems and structural design to various majors (Architecture, Architectural Engineering, and Construction Management) within the College of Environmental Design and Architecture. His class work utilizes his 13 years of experience with Ove Arup & Partners (ARUP), where he worked in both the San Francisco and London offices. As an Associate with ARUP he worked on
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade in Research
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
research lab and get aresearch group started. Keeping abreast of the literature sometimes falls by the wayside in-between preparing for classes, ordering equipment, teaching laboratory procedures to students,grading, scholarly writing, writing proposals, etc. As many of us know, familiarity with currentliterature is crucial to conducting sound research. While the new faculty member may haveperiodic cramming sessions with the literature prior to submitting a proposal or other scholarlywriting, their researchers in the lab can overlook this important component of conducting soundresearch.Regular, organized meetings focused only on reading and discussing articles in the literature canhelp overcome this literature lethargy, strengthen the education of
Conference Session
NSF Grantees' Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shawn H Maison, Central Michigan University and Bangor Township Schools; Adam J. P. Bauer, CMU; Steven Shapardanis, Central Michigan University; Thomas Stuart White; Ze Zhang; Bingbing Li, Department of Chemistry, Science of Advanced Materials Doctoral Program, Central Michigan University ; Qin Hu, Central Michigan University; Tolga Kaya, Central Michigan University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
device. Theparameters were set by the cell size. The cells were removed from sub-culture usingbiochemistry laboratories and staff. Resources in the engineering and technology departmentwere used to fabricate the device. The correct electrical field was designed by an electricalengineer. The resources and collaboration between disciplines is the core of what engineering is.In this experience teachers learned to use their strengths, but also know when to rely on otherswith more experience in different disciplines. As a result of this project we have gained anunderstanding that failure is a teaching point and that each prototype created is a success nomatter what the outcome is. Showing students that engineering is fluid and always changing
Conference Session
Chemical Engineering Poster Session & Unit Operations Lab Bazaar
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William M. Clark, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
. Page 23.126.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 A Versatile Compressible Fluid ExperimentAbstractWe have developed a versatile new laboratory apparatus that can be used for teaching a varietyof chemical engineering fundamentals. The new equipment is used in our unit operations lab toaddress misconceptions and a lack of experience with compressible fluids by studying pressuredrop during air flow through a pipe. We extended the range of experiments that can be donewith the apparatus by including a Coriolis meter, an anemometer, an inline heater, a PIDtemperature controller, a vortex tube, and a Tesla turbine. This poster describes how the newequipment can be used in unit ops lab
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jumoke Oluwakemi Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University; Anita M. Wells, Morgan State University
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
Paper ID #10850Best Practices in Classroom Management for Today’s University Environ-mentDr. Jumoke Oluwakemi Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University Dr. J. ’Kemi Ladeji-Osias is Associate Professor and Associate Chair for Graduate Studies in the De- partment of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Morgan State University in Baltimore. She teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in computer engineering. Dr. Ladeji-Osias earned a B.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park and a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from Rutgers University. Dr. Ladeji-Osias’ involvement in engineering
Conference Session
Crossing the Discipline Divide!
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Aiman Kuzmar
research like other types of research requires a suitable environment andresources. The nature and size of these requirements depend on the scope of the undergraduate Page 10.1367.2research itself, and vary from discipline to discipline. In general, a suitable environment consists “Proceedings of the 2005 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2005. American Society of Engineering education”of offices and laboratories to carry out the research. The resources include equipment andmaterials. In all cases, funds are essential to carry out this research. In almost all cases
Conference Session
Course and Curriculum Innovations in ECE
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Richard Brown; Michael Flynn; Gordon Carichner; Dennis Sylvester; David Blaauw; Catharine June
logic design, circuit design, microarchitecture, validation,design methodology and tools, and mask-level design. It notes that teaching VLSI is challengingbecause it requires both depth and considerable breadth. As stated in the RFP, Intel would like tosee students with stronger software skills, analog circuit expertise, experience in high speed and/or low power circuit design, exposure to modern submicron semiconductor processes, and consid-erably more hands-on experience designing integrated circuits.The philosophy of the University of Michigan VLSI curriculum has been to give students a broadbackground in fundamental topics, combined with project-oriented VLSI courses that rely onmodern design flows, professional CAD tools, and current
Conference Session
Mentoring Graduate Students - Diversity and Assessment
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Pedro O. Quintero, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Guillermo J. Serrano, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies, Minorities in Engineering
teaches introductory engineering courses such as problem solving and computer programming, statics, and mechanics.Dr. Pedro O. Quintero, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagez Pedro Quintero earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagez and an M.S .from that same institution. After spending nine years in the electronics industry, he joined the University of Maryland, College Park, where he earned a Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering. He joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagez, in 2008 as an Assistant Professor.Dr. Guillermo J. Serrano, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagez Guillermo Serrano received the B.S. degree in electrical
Conference Session
Innovations in Freshman Engineering
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Melinda Gallagher; Lawrence Genalo
Session 3553 Practicing Teachers in a Graduate Engineering Course Lawrence J. Genalo and Melinda Gallagher Iowa State UniversityIntroduction:The National Commission on Mathematics and Science Teaching for the 21st Centurystated that “Better mathematics and science teaching is therefore grounded, first of all, inimproving the quality of teacher preparation and in making continuing professionaleducation available for all teachers 1.”The "constructivist" paradigm 2,3 asserts that learning occurs through a process in whichthe student plays an active role in constructing the set of conceptual structures
Conference Session
Freshman Design
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
David Harris
at the graduate or senior level, but has beensimplified to the point that freshmen can develop working chips in the time available. This paperpresents the structure of the seminar and assesses its benefits, including closer contact betweenadvisor and advisees and the tremendous enthusiasm it generates among the freshmen. Based onsuccess of the pilot project, a number of other freshman seminars have been developed andtaught at Harvey Mudd College.IntroductionDespite the best of intentions on the part of both faculty and students, freshman advising is oftena bureaucratic process rather than a source of meaningful mentoring. Faculty and students arealways busy and in the press of teaching and research and assignments, it is difficult to
Conference Session
ASEE Multimedia Session
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
David Radcliffe
was initially conceived in late 1999. It was developed and implemented by apioneering team of people from Thiess Pty Ltd, the School of Engineering, the Department ofMining, Minerals and Material Engineering, the Teaching and Educational Development Instituteand the library of the university. The first students went on placements in Semester1, 2000.In semester 2, 2000, we offered the USLP to six mining and mineral processing students in thesecond semester of their 3rd year. At the end of 2000, a day long review was conducted tocapture all the lessons learned from the two initial cohorts. These findings from this thoroughevaluation were used to make improvements as necessary. The decision was made to limit theprogram to final year students.In
Conference Session
Educational Research
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Terry Brumback, University of Alabama; Randal Schumacker, The University of Alabama; Daniel Fonseca, The University of Alabama
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
, and retention as the overall demand formoved from the defense needs of the cold war era to the explosive rise of global competition(National Research Council Board for Engineering Education, 1995). The need for change wasinitially recognized in three separate reports targeting engineering education (American Societyfor Engineering Education [ASEE], 1994); National Science Foundation [NSF], 1995; andNational Research Council Board for Engineering Education, 1995). Since those initial studies, Page 15.51.2other reports have called for more specific changes related to teaching and curriculum to supporta more diverse group of learners
Conference Session
Instrumentation Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Akram Hossain, Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology); Md. Jubair Hossain, Purdue University Calumet; Mafruha Jahan, Purdue University Calumet (Engineering)
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation
- ious capacities. He served as chair of manufacturing Systems Development Applications Department of IEEE/IAS. He authored more than 25 refereed journal and conference publications. In 2009 he as PI received NSF-CCLI grant entitled A Mechatronics Curriculum and Packaging Automation Laboratory Fa- cility. In 2010 he as Co-PI received NSF-ATE grant entitled Meeting Workforce Needs for Mechatronics Technicians. From 2003 through 2006, he was involved with Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL in developing direct computer control for hydrogen powered automotives. He is also involved in several direct computer control and wireless process control related research projects. His interests are in the area of industrial
Conference Session
Manufacturing Division (MFG) Technical Session 6
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Y Chiou, Drexel University; Tzu-liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas at El Paso; Md Fashiar Rahman, University of Texas at El Paso; Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing Division (MFG)
Manufacturing Engineer (CMfgE), awarded by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) since 2001, and a Certified Quality Engineer (CQE) awarded by the American Society for Quality (ASQ) since 2004. In addition to positions in the automotive industry, Dr. Ertekin has held faculty positions at Western Kentucky University and Trine University. He later joined Drexel University’s College of Engineering as an associate clinical professor and has been instrumental in course development and the assessment and improvement of the Engineering Technology (ET) curriculum, including integrated laboratories, project-based learning, and practicum-based assessment. Ertekin serves as the faculty advisor for the student chapter of the
Conference Session
Student Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Mercy Folashade Fash, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University ; Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Rabiatu Bonku, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University ; Wanya Alford, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University ; Alesia Coralie Ferguson, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University ; Angela M. White, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
Tagged Divisions
Student
RPs indicated that these interactions were not the same as pre-COVID campuslearning environments, they appreciated the limited, but real-time interactions with professorsand peers. Nevertheless, they expressed that it was very challenging to even ask questions inthese virtual teaching platforms. An RP noted that ‘I think in the class, you can actually see eachother and have a conversation about what you’re asking and what you’re trying to say ... you’rekind of, like you ask a question, but its 30 to 40 other students who have questions.” RPs alsomissed the hands-on experiences of STEM learning. Considering that most STEM students arevisual and tactile learners, the lack of hands-on STEM laboratory projects in synchronouscourses negatively
Conference Session
Holy Cow! We’re Going Online When? 
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Monica Palomo P.E., California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Bettina Jeanine Casad, University of Missouri - St. Louis
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
as Introduction to Civil Engineering; Hydraulics; Water and Wastewater Treatment; Groundwater Mechanics; Research Experience of Undergraduate Students; and Engineering Outreach Service Learning courses, among others. She is also a faculty advisor for the Cal- ifornia Water Environment Association (CWEA)- American Water Works Association (AWWA) student chapter. Additionally, Dr. Palomo is the CE Water Analysis laboratory director and coordinates all teach- ing, research and safety training activities in the engineering laboratory. Dr. Palomo conducts research in surface water quality improvement via natural treatment systems, water and wastewater treatment pro- cesses, and water education. She is involved in
Conference Session
Project-based and Experiential Learning in Civil Engineering
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Kyle Kershaw P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Ronaldo Luna, Saint Louis University; J. Chris Carroll, Saint Louis University; Matthew D. Lovell P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Alec Colin Derks, Saint Louis University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Paper ID #33046Design and Implementation of Experiential Learning Modules forGeotechnical EngineeringDr. Kyle Kershaw P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dr. Kyle Kershaw is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. Kyle’s primary teaching duties include courses in geotechnical engineering and construction materials. His research interests include behavior and monitoring of in-place foundations and retaining structures. In addition to his teaching and research duties, Kyle is involved in geotechnical consulting and Engineers Without Borders.Prof. Ronaldo
Conference Session
Aerospace Student Projects, Engineering Design and Research
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Mohammad H. Sadraey, Southern New Hampshire University
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
principles for UAVs. In section3, fundamentals of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles analysis/design education will be discussed. There are a lotof valuable lessons learned from industry on the design mis-calculations and mistakes made on the legacyvehicles flying today. In section 4, a number of important lessons learned - in teaching UAVsanalysis/design - are presented. In section 5, three new UAS related courses which were developed by theauthor are briefly introduced. Section 6 is dedicated to the UAV laboratory and lab experiments to teachthe implementation of the UAV related theories. The new lab equipment, hardware, and software arerecently purchased from Quanser; and the UAV lab was opened past January.2. Analysis/Design Principles for UAVsThe
Conference Session
Student Attitudes and Perceptions
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Farrokh Attarzadeh, University of Houston; Deniz Gurkan, University of Houston; Miguel Ramos, University of Houston; Mequanint Moges, University of Houston; Victor Gallardo, University of Houston; Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi; Reddy Talusani, Houston Community College System; Shruti Karulkar, University of Houston
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
manner as well as in presenting the findings of atask performed. The goal of this project was to assess the efficacy of the C Map techniquethrough mentor-mentee interactions.The primary objective of this project was: 1. Increase students’ capacity to engage in “real world” problem solving: The fundamental goal of this program was to initiate critical thinking amongst the students. The students were motivated to apply the knowledge gained in the lectures during the laboratory sessions. 2. To better retain and engage underrepresented students: The mentoring sessions had mentees from diverse backgrounds and the mentors conducted the sessions with such a varied group and instilled the principles of equality, discipline
Conference Session
Innovations in Computer Engineering Courses
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Edward W. Chandler P.E., Milwaukee School of Engineering; William Barnekow, Milwaukee School of Engineering
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Senior Member of the IEEE, and teaches courses in circuits, signals, communication systems, and networking.Prof. William Barnekow, Milwaukee School of Engineering Prof. William Barnekow is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Milwaukee School of Engineering. He earned the M.S. in Electrical Engineering from University of California – Berkeley. His primary areas of interest are in embedded microcomputer-based systems, digital circuits and systems, advanced digital design using VHDL, senior capstone design projects in software and computer engineering, and computer networks. Page 24.76.1
Conference Session
Design Through the Curriculum
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Chris Kobus
provide insight into the physics of slowsystem leaks, which are distributed, in multiple unknown locations, throughout a vacuumactuated control system consisting of a vacuum reservoir, fittings, hoses and actuators. The besttesting scheme will be that which will accurately test each system to meet certain quality controlspecifications for the product and be accomplished in a maximum time of 40 seconds. Alongwith a cover letter to the chemical company requesting the bid, each team submits a technicalreport documenting their company’s proposed testing scheme. In addition, each team’s design isverified in the laboratory that simulates a testing station.II. Background of the Class BodyThe Fluid and Thermal System Design class mainly consists of
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Alexander, California State University, Chico; Michael Kotar, California State University, Chico; JoAna Brooks, California State University, Chico
Paper ID #38427Applying an Entrepreneurial Mindset to Course-basedUndergraduate Research Experiences in STEMDavid G Alexander (Associate Professor) David Alexander (CSU, Chico Alumnus ’92) is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering in the Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Department at California State University, Chico. He teaches thermodynamics, energy systems, heat transfer, low-speed aerodynamics, and capstone senior design. He has experience and interests in renewable energy, product development, design, commercialization, intellectual property, and entrepreneurship. He