Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 2 - Community Engagement without Frontiers

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Schwartz, The University of Texas at Arlington; Kathleen Smits, The University of Texas at Arlington; Jessica Smith, Colorado School of Mines; Thomas Phelan, United States Air Force Academy; Rosalie O'Brien

areavailable in the literature of such methods. Nelson developed a two-hour lesson plan to educatestudents on stakeholder engagement during problem definition stages of an engineering project.Students conducted site visits to the campus libraries and engaged in different ethnographicresearch methods to develop service-learning engineering projects for future semesters [19].Similarly, Harsh et al. developed a multi-day workshop to increase student competency in threemain fields — sociotechnical design thinking, listening to people, and empowering communities[3]. Leydens and Lucena also discuss some strategies in which community engagement canbegin during the problem definition stage by applying the Engineering for Social JusticeFramework to the

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madeline Polmear, University of Florida; Denise Simmons, University of Florida

reflecting on my work with my research group, I am concerned with not just offeringpractices and strategies, but revealing the model that informs them. Practices simply demonstrateone person’s operation of a model. In contrast, a model provides an overview of key componentsof a system, illuminates a rationale for practices, and allows others to adapt the model to fit theircontext. As I have planned and developed my research group, I adapted the WorkforceSustainability Model [16], a conceptual model for measuring sustainability in a constructionworkforce. Although developed for use in construction, the model’s three levels of components(attributes, indicators, and metrics) can be applied to other contexts.In my case, I particularly drew upon the

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Technical Session 7: Cybersecurity and Computing

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anni Reinking; Monica McGill, CSEdResearch.org

P3 (Principles, Practices and Processes); CIA Triad; States of Data; Cybersecurity Countermeasures; Access Controls; Cryptography; Obscuring Data 3 System and Network Defense; Application Security; Network Hardening; Wireless Device Security 4 Defending the Enterprise; Virtualization and Cloud Computing; Account Manage- ment; Cryptography in Enterprise 5 Cybersecurity Operations; Cybersecurity Operations Management; Physical Secu- rity; Security Assessments; Cybersecurity Resilience; Penetration Testing 6 Incident Response (Plans and Processes); Disaster Recovery; Digital Forensics 7 Asset and Risk Management

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacoba Ubidia, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Miguel Andrés Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Víctor Viteri, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

, housing construction, among others. He was also a Project Management Associate for a Habitat For Humanity housing project in the USA. (ii) RESEARCH: Miguel Andrés' research focuses on (1) decision-making for the design and construction of infrastructure projects, (2) the planning of sustainable, smart and resilient cities, and (3) the development of engineers who not only have solid technical and practical knowledge, but also social understanding for, through infrastructure, address local and global challenges on humanitarian, environmental, social and equity issues. (iii) EDUCATION RESEARCH: Related to STEM education, Miguel Andrés is developing and applying contemporary pedagogies and tools for innovation and

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francois Jacobs, University of Wyoming; Renxiang Lu, University of Wyoming

, someday we can do it in person.”- “It would be neat to have a follow-up opportunity with the students to dive deeper into theirquestions or perceptions of the content. Perhaps being tied into an online discussion platformto observe/participate in their follow-up conversation.”- “Get to know more about the practice of the profession in college will help prepare anystudent to what they may encounter when they start planning projects.”Conclusions and Future RecommendationsDespite the advantages of inviting industry practitioners as guest speakers so that studentscan have more exposure on the industry practices, the lack of organization and coordinationwith the program makes this initiative ineffective. As a solution to this challenge, aninnovative

Conference Session

PCEE Technical Session 8: Engineering Design in Elementary School

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber Simpson, State University of New York at Binghamton; Jing Yang; Jungsun Kim, Indiana University-Bloomington

the most common form ofcommunications between caregivers and children while engaged in an engineering designprocess. Results also highlighted the prevalence of realistic representations in communicatingscience concepts and symbolic representations when communicating mathematics concepts.While pictorial representations were scant in our results, this does not imply that pictorialrepresentations were not common within caregiver-child’s process. On the other hand, pictorialrepresentations were not grounded in mathematics or science concepts. This may highlight thedifference between a drawing and detailed design plans [34].Results from the second research questions highlighted four ways in which caregivers andchildren utilized representations and

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy - Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harly Ramsey, University of Southern California

and institutional ecosystems. With the GC published in 2008 and the GCSP in 2009, thesecompanion texts promote an aspirational future within the chronotope of Engineering Moment.The Grand Challenge endeavor was preceded by another pairing of reports The Engineer of 2020(2004) [19] and Educating the Engineer of 2020 (2005) [20]. Both endeavors operate within theEngineering Moment chronotope of future time and expansive space. However, the future timeof the Engineer of 2020 is more immediate than the Grand Challenge future time, rendering itmore urgent; the imaginative space remains expansive, but it proliferates potential futures ratherthan localized potential implementations. The initial report uses scenario planning (notably, aform of

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 3: Online Learning and the Impact of COVID-19

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tahsin Chowdhury, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Juan David Ortega-Alvarez, Virginia Tech (primary) and Universidad EAFIT (secondary); Catherine Twyman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Matthew James, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Benjamin Chambers, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

at Virginia Tech, and Director of the Frith First Year Makers program and of the Minecraft Museum of Engineering. His research focuses include creativity-based pedagogy, the interactions of non-humans with the built environment, and the built environment as a tool for teaching at the nexus of biology and engineering. He earned his graduate degrees from Virginia Tech, including an M.S. Civil Infrastructure Engineering, M.S. LFS Entomology, and a Ph.D. in Environmental Design and Planning.© American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Understanding Student Experiences in a First-Year Engineering Online Project-Based Learning (OPjBL) CourseTahsin Chowdhury

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 2: Enhancing Energy-Related Education with Student Design Projects

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leon Liebenberg, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Taylor Tucker, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

form individual academic identities. In this manner,learning becomes more about the individual and less about the course.Mini-project scaffoldingThe first few mini-projects in a series are typically team-based and meant to build confidence infoundational concepts. Each subsequent project builds on the previous, culminating in studentscompleting individual mini-projects. The removal of scaffolds over time relies on the assumptionthat students are adapting to, and developing strategies for, these tasks, meaning that as theydevelop as problem solvers, they become capable of better exploring and planning within anopen-ended space. Indeed, students seem to derive a sense of personal accomplishment fromdoing this work, which may motivate and

Conference Session

ETD Technical Session 5 - ET Curriculum and Programs II

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Orlando Ayala, Old Dominion University; Kristie Gutierrez, Old Dominion University; Francisco Cima; Julia Noginova; Min Jung Lee, Old Dominion University; Stacie Ringleb, Old Dominion University; Pilar Pazos, Old Dominion University; Krishnanand Kaipa, Old Dominion University; Jennifer Kidd, Old Dominion University

will be the technical leader, the project manager, andthe communications manager. The technical leader made sure the technical requirements areunderstood and fulfilled. The project manager oversaw the project plan, this included observingthat tasks and assignments were completed and submitted according to directions. Thecommunications manager was in charge of all team communications to make sure everyone inthe team stayed informed and communicated with course instructor/“client,” and also preparedmeeting agendas and minutes. As in any consulting company, the students were given a specific list of tasks tosuccessfully complete the engineering design. The sequence of those tasks followed the coursecontent delivery (table 1). Around week

Conference Session

Computers in Education 1 - Programming I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

AHMET ARIS, Florida International University; Luis Puche Rondon, Florida International University; Daniel Ortiz, Florida International University; Monique Ross, Florida International University; Mark Finlayson, Florida International University; A. Uluagac, Florida International University

computers in everyday life has led to an increased concern with cybersecurity.For instance, recent cyberattacks (e.g., SolarWinds [1], Colonial Pipeline [2], Log4j [3], REvilransomware [4]) have brought the necessity for resilient software infrastructure to the forefront ofpopular works, curriculum expansion, and policy choices. Upon the occurrence of sophisticatedand high-profile cybersecurity incidents, the US Government created initiatives with industryleaders to build stronger cybersecurity practices for the nation [5]. Several governmentorganizations and private sector leaders announced their plans to train and build a skilled cyberworkforce. The growing body of efforts in this area has resulted in the expansion of techniquesand methods that

Conference Session

ERM: Engineering Identity: (Identity Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelsey Scalaro, University of Nevada, Reno; Indira Chatterjee, University of Nevada, Reno; Derrick Satterfield, University of Nevada, Reno; Ann-Marie Vollstedt, University of Nevada, Reno; Jeffrey Lacombe, University of Nevada, Reno; Mackenzie Parker, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno

Paper ID #37230From knowing to doing: Changes in competency beliefs ofdeveloping engineersKelsey Scalaro (Graduate Student) Kelsey is an engineering education Ph.D. student at the University of Nevada, Reno. She has a master's degree in mechanical engineering and 5 years of experience working in the aerospace industry. Her research focuses on identity development and motivation. After graduation, she plans on teaching project-oriented mechanical engineering classes or returning to industry working in training or retention.Indira Chatterjee (Associate Dean of Engineering)Derrick Satterfield Derrick Satterfield is

Conference Session

PCEE Session 9: Virtual Summer Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carol Geary, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tawni Paradise, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Kim Lester, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Hannah Glisson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

component was confirmed by Virginia Tech to be unable tohappen, a consensus was reached to shift the camp to a purely online format. The full-time staffcoordinator decided this in early April. From April to early May, the full-time staff coordinatorconducted a significant amount of research to determine the best structure for this setting,including webinars with other K-12 camp coordinators, meeting with experts in technologyeducation, on-campus resources, and online resources. Later in the planning process, six weeksbefore the camp, bi-weekly meetings were scheduled with the undergraduate student staff tooffer their input as students navigated the online space. Many of them were former C-Tech2participants familiar with the in-person version of the

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Ethics Education Assessment

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashish Hingle, George Mason University; Aditya Johri, George Mason University

ofall students, faculty, and staff on campus. In recent months, her responsibilities have suddenly shiftedfrom the regular aspects of the work – the police force, traffic safety, fire drills – towards respondingto the needs of keeping the university functional and safe during a pandemic. She and members ofher office have been working round the clock to ensure that the campus is ready to open for the newsemester.While they work towards this goal, she is also engaged in planning for the future of the campus andas part of this effort, she is looking at technology solutions for the problem at hand. She has to beprepared, she has realized, for the eventuality that a vaccine will take some time to develop, and evenif it does it might not be as

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - Assessment/Evaluation

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Dean; Gunnar Tamm, United States Military Academy; Jacob Reddington, United States Military Academy; Frederick Davidson, United States Military Academy; Michael Osmon

instructor will be teaching in the academic term. 4. Mentorship by faculty who will be teaching with the new instructors in their first academic term. This includes review of course content and lesson plans.The Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering also takes conscious steps to structurecourse schedules to give junior faculty opportunities to observe more senior instructors.Experienced instructors will often teach in the earlier hours; this allows new instructors toobserve those lessons before teaching their own sections later in the day. Comparison of finalexam data across multiple years and instructors is further enabled by delivery of consistentcourse content. Instructors have autonomy to modify their lesson plans, but the

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darrell Kleinke, University of Detroit Mercy; David Pistrui, University of Detroit Mercy; Shuvra Das, University of Detroit Mercy

be driven down to theprospective student-engineer. Career path planning is managed by industry, notacademia. Industry begins to view the new student-engineer as an employee and life-longlearner.2 - Academic institutions begin to behave as talent-pipeline suppliers to technical industries. Thevalue of the institution’s third-path program is then based on; 1) the relevance of thecompetencies instilled in the student-engineers, 2) the ability to provide what the students need,when they need it, at the pace they need it and 3) the integration of, and sensitivity to, the needsof industry, students, society and the economy. 23 - State and Federal

Conference Session

EMD Technical Session 1: Captstone, Ethics, and Statistical Methods

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth McDonald, United States Military Academy

Paper ID #38125Virtue and Engineering Ethics - A Pilot StudyKenneth McDonald Dr. Kenneth McDonald is a Professor of Engineering Management, Department of Systems Engineering, West Point. His academic focus is on capacity development, planning, and consequence management. He also studies engineering ethics and how it applies in today’s complex world. Dr. McDonald has authored and co-authored over 50 technical publications to include book chapters and refereed publications on infrastructure, capacity development, geotechnical engineering, engineering management, value modeling and ethics. He is also co-author of the

Conference Session

Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Liu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Emma Higgason, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Emily Welsh, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Joseph Wight; A. John Hart; Gabrielle Enns

for knurling? 33. A small tip was left on the end of the part when performing a facing operation on a lathe. The root cause of this problem is: 34. Which of the following are potential safety hazards when operating a lathe? 35. The process plan calls for a 2.5” diameter clearance fit hole. The best process plan is to: 36. Each division found on the thimble of a micrometer is equal to ________ and each division found on the sleeve is equal to ___________. 37. One factor to consider when choosing the appropriate measuring device to measure a specific feature of a part is the: 38. Name the three types of taps found in a tap set: 39. An edge finder has a tip diameter of 0.200 inches. What distance must the table

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 4 Best in DEED

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tripp Shealy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; John Gero, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Paulo Ignacio Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

, goal-directed planning [46], and making analytic judgments[49]. The left PFC also plays a critical role in solving math problems [50].A possible explanation for why more focused activation in the right PFC and less activation inthe left PFC was observed among students who completed the concept mapping exercise wasthat concept mapping aided the students’ mental organization of information before the problemstatement task and enabled them to spend more time on the creation of new ideas. Whendesigners are able to spend more time reflecting on a design problem, they can enable morecreativity [51], [52] and the results presented in this paper support this idea.Concept mapping prior to defining the design problem may have helped facilitate a

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 7 Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Schimpf, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

needsor goals of key stakeholders or potential users [4]. While these tools are useful for uncoveringstudents’ problem understanding, they often involve some simplification from a broader problemunderstanding to facilitate the ongoing design process. Design problems rarely exist in a vacuum;they are more commonly embedded in the real-world, which consists of many open-ended,interacting, and dynamic systems [5], [6]. Thus, to more fully capture students understanding ofreal-world design problems, an approach for mapping a systems view of problems is needed.Toward addressing this goal, we propose to adapt an approach for systems mapping calledParticipatory Systems Mapping or PSM, used in policy planning and evaluation research [7].Uncovering

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Technical Session 6: Diversity

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Lester, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Kelly Durkin Ruth

Society forEngineering Education (ASEE) has its own statement on Diversity and Inclusiveness [15]. Eventhe accrediting body ABET has its own Principles of Diversity and Inclusion [16], approved byits board in 2017.STEM librarianship groups have shown similar support for this work. The Medical LibraryAssociation lists diversity, equity, and inclusion as “essential values” [17] to the organization,and as of 2020 has said it will integrate DEI objectives into each of its strategic plan goals.ACRL-STS names Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility as a core value [18] while theASEE Engineering Libraries Division’s (ELD) bylaws include a statement on Diversity, Equity,Inclusion, and Ethics [19]. ASEE-ELD also has a newly formed Committee of

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy - Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Gross; Keyoni McNair

an interest inventory addressingfive different interest areas (mathematics, writing, creative hobbies, athletics, and public perfor-mance). Our goal is to offer a more complete understanding of our students, to see them in lightof their differences in addition to their similarities. We surveyed undergraduate students (both CSmajors and non-CS majors) at a regional comprehensive university. This paper presents the ori-gins and design of our instrument, the initial data collection efforts, current analysis, and plans forfuture work.Literature Review - The Challenge of StereotypesWe begin by exploring existing attempts to understand how CS students see themselves and theirpeers, especially in light of stereotypes held by people in and outside

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 2: Instruction & Learning Delivery

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sreyoshi Bhaduri, Amazon; Kritin Mandala; Zoë Dailey; Lilianny Virguez, University of Florida; Kayli Battel; LISSA ERICKSON

this early-age exposure. A 2007 studyindicates that the “shut up and learn” approach to teaching, while widely accepted, is notnecessarily effective. In this study [8], a survey of 2,500 pupils indicates that the two mostcommon uses of class time are copying from a board or book and listening to the teacher talk forextended periods of time; whereas the two least common uses of class time are studying real-world applications and learning through experience. Scholars have observed that shifts towardshands-on and individually-engaging activities often radically change students’ perceptions oftheir place in STEM fields and their plans for future education and career paths.Many educators in STEM suggest that the best way to introduce very young

Conference Session

Miscellaneous Mechanics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Wyrick, York College of Pennsylvania; Emine Foust, York College of Pennsylvania

identifying what to find, listingappropriate assumptions and coming up with a solution plan/method, solving the problem, andreflecting on the results [9]. The reflection component is a vital step to improve critical thinking andproblem-solving skills. The overall flow of a typical lecture is shown in Figure 1a.Prior to class, students are provided with a lecture notes package, both physical copy and electronicversions on Canvas. The course notes include learning outcomes, information on the associatedtextbook chapters, conceptual knowledge, fundamental equations, derivations, practice problems, and aspace to complete the solution of those problems.In-class demonstrations include pitot-tube, hydraulic loss demo with manometers attached to a pipe

Conference Session

ERM: Conceptualizations of Engineering and Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

structure that gave “too smaller a space to the fundamental sciences in theearly stages” (para 25). The report foreshadowed the trend toward day release, andsubsequently to full-time study, and it began the trend toward courses based on engineeringscience in the technical colleges.At the same time the Committee was clear that a number of students should participate in“courses specifically planned without reference to existing anomalies. We would insist thatsuch courses, whatever their length and arrangement, should be directed to the developmentof the highest level of teaching of the art of technology based on sufficient scientificfoundation. Such courses should have a status in no way inferior to the university courses,they should require equal

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Is This Real? Reaching Students with Virtual and Augmented Reality

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Sippel, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Hannah Blum, University of Wisconsin - Madison

of Building Information Modeling (BIM)and VR improved students understanding of scheduling and cost estimation [18]. By combining4D technology available with BIM into VR, students were more readily able to identify schedulingconflicts than when presented in typical planning documentation [19]. The use of virtual realityallows students to see the mechanical systems and wall components in 3D without having to interpretthe meaning from 2D paper drawings or having to wait for the opportunity to attend a constructionsite [20], [21]. In the field of structural engineering, de Almeida Mello and Almenara [22] usedaugmented reality to show students steel rebar within a concrete member which demonstrated thechallenge of positioning rebar with a member

Conference Session

Pedagogy in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deesha Chadha, Imperial College London, London; Daryl Williams; Colin Hale; Paul Luckham

to retain the core philosophies and educational outcomes, due to the onset of COVID-19, several modifications were made to accommodate students learning experiences differentlythrough a hybrid model of teaching.Figure 1 highlights some of the changes between an entirely F2F model (2019), an entirelyremote teaching model during a Government-imposed lockdown (2020), and a hybrid modelthat was in place for this academic year (2021). As expected, and as previous research hasindicated, hybrid models of teaching require careful thought and planning in terms of bothdesign and execution, with contingency plans in place. Unlike F2F teaching, which depends onresources (teaching staff and appropriate classrooms), and remote learning which depends

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Innovative Changes to the Typical Civil Engineering Coursework.

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jakob Bruhl, United States Military Academy; Andrea Surovek, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; James Klosky, United States Military Academy

in 1955 that helped to shape nearly all engineering curricula. This documentrecommended, “An integrated study of engineering analysis, design, and engineering systems forprofessional background, planned and carried out to stimulate creative and imaginative thinking”[4]. The NCEES Model Law starts the definition of the Practice of Engineering as “any serviceor creative work” [5]. Despite this, while ABET defines engineering design as “an iterative,creative, decision-making process” [6] and Criterion 5 requires engineering programs to includea culminating engineering design experience in their programs, it has yet to explicitly requiredemonstration of creativity or innovation as a student outcome. It is the authors’ opinion that

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Nelson, Texas A&M University; Brent Donham, Texas A&M University - Commerce

, and/or networks. System software means software and/or applications developed internally within The Texas A&M System or the RELLIS Academic Alliance. Project means a planned individual or collaborative effort to achieve a specified goal and/or product. Course assignment means a required task assigned to a student in a given course, whether it contributes to a final grade in a given course or not. Research studies means a scientific systematic investigation focused on the discovery of new facts, answering research questions, or the practical application of a given theory. Academic Alliance Member (AAM) is any institution or organization associated with the RELLIS Academic Alliance. These include TAMUS and non-TAMUS members and

Conference Session

PCEE Session 11: Engineering Outreach / Summer Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maya Denton, University of Texas at Austin; Bryant Chambers; Indu Venu Sabaraya; Navid Saleh, University of Texas at Austin; Mary Kirisits, University of Texas at Austin

lectures on water filter design.Each group of students utilized code in Microsoft® Excel (Redmond, WA) to facilitate theirfilter design and validated their design with a project team member. Using a maximum of $60per group to purchase materials, the groups constructed their filters. They tested their filters forparticle removal at the local university, and each group gave a final oral presentation on theirproject. Materials for Engineering Module 2 include the lesson plan, problem statement, studentequation sheet, an example filter schematic, grading rubric, and Excel design worksheet. In the year 4 AP physics course, the project team conducted Engineering Module 3 (fourmeetings), which focused on bridge design. We gave a lecture on free