Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Mia K. Markey, University of Texas at Austin; Anakaren Romero Lozano, University of Texas at Austin; Kristin M Connelly, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

of the 2025 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference TheUniversityofTexasatArlington,Arlington,TX Copyright ã 2025, American Society for Engineering Education 2 Welcome LettersWe created a Welcome Letter that highlighted university and departmental resources, such as healthand safety offices, career support services, facilities for personal growth and relaxation, and keystudent organizations. The Welcome Letter introduced the idea that graduate students join a researchlab through which they will form mentoring relationships with faculty and other lab members. Inkeeping with prior research on the ways in

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Hasan Baig; Phillip Bradford

assessment of student capabilities. I. INTRODUCTION Computer science education is becoming increasinglyattractive to a diverse range of individuals. This allure is not II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORKonly for aspiring students intending to pursue a career in this ChatGPT was introduced to the public on November 30,field but also for those contemplating a career switch due to the 2022. It has quickly gained popularity to the extent that peoplesubstantial demand and attractive salary scales in the computer are using it to facilitate their work and increase productivityscience job market. Furthermore, students from varying [6

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Sunil Dehipawala; Guozhen An; Arkadiy Portnoy; Tak Cheung

corresponding output changes and to display the resulting trendD. Case D of Rotation in a graph. (2) To demonstrate an ability in a test to write Rotation geometry posed difficulty in Large Language prompts to AI to generate simulation codes and to display twoModel. Here is an example. random walk models with numeracy to support the understanding of diffusion theory of heat transfer. (3) To Prompt-1: A pebble was glued onto a wheel which was demonstrate an ability in a test to write prompts to AI to showresting on the ground. The pebble was initially at the ground career

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Punya A Basnayaka, Cuyahoga Community College, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Engineering and Computer Science

Tagged Topics

Diversity

address thefindings of an ongoing project on the incorporation of sustainability.The research survey findings can be categorized under key areas of relevance to engineeringcurricular revisions. 1. Foundation: Early exposure ensures that sustainability becomes a core part of their engineering mindset and approach to problem-solving throughout their education and career. 2Proceedings of the 2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright © 2024, American Societyfor Engineering Education 2. Interdisciplinary Thinking: MET-1100 is the gateway course for all engineering disciplines at Tri-C. Sustainability is inherently

Conference Session

CANCELLED: Track 4: Technical Session 2: Examining Gender Differences in Engineering Students' Reflections on Combating Systemic Racism

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Sakhi Aggrawal, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Aparajita Jaiswal, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Gaurav Nanda, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Saloni Parkar

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

accessibility, sustainability, and the fair distribution of resources,which are often overlooked in traditional engineering programs [6], [7], [8]. This criticalengagement is important for promoting more inclusive and socially responsible engineeringpractices. Studies have shown that when students are exposed to social justice frameworks, theyare better equipped to develop solutions that address the needs of all members of society,particularly marginalized communities [5], [6]. Thus, integrating social justice into engineeringeducation enhances technical competence of students and also prepares them to be agents ofpositive social change in their professional careers.1.4 Purpose of the StudyThis study seeks to explore how gender influences engineering

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 1: Gendered Impacts of Code Critiquers on Self-Efficacy in First-Year Engineering Students.

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Mary Benjamin, Michigan Technological University; Laura Albrant, Michigan Technological University; Michelle E Jarvie-Eggart P.E., Michigan Technological University; Leo C. Ureel II, Michigan Technological University; Laura E Brown, Michigan Technological University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan Technological University; AJ Hamlin, Michigan Technological University

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2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

broaderapplicability of the intervention [38]. Additionally, longitudinal studies tracking the long-termeffects of improved programming self-efficacy on academic and career success would providevaluable insights into the lasting impact of such interventions on students in programming andengineering fields [39].ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the WebTA code critiquing tool significantly improvedprogramming self-efficacy among first-year engineering students, with particularly notable gainsfor female students. These findings underscore the effectiveness of targeted educationalinterventions in boosting self-efficacy, which is essential for success in programming. Tools likeWebTA, which provide immediate feedback, can be instrumental in addressing

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Ali Gharib, The University of Texas at Austin; Ahmed Elsaid; Abdulla Ali Al Dabbagh; Nayef Alyafei, Qatar University; Ghada Salama, Texas A&M University at Qatar

primary contributors to economic productivity, societal well-being, and thedevelopment of innovative solutions and advanced technologies in countries all across the world,especially when interdisciplinary approaches are applied [1, 2].As the complexity of systems we rely on increases and technology reliance increases over time, sodoes the need for capable professionals to solve the equally complex problems that appear withthis advancement. This surge in demand highlights the importance of STEM education at all levelsof learning.Texas A&M University at Qatar recognizes students as future leaders and has committed tofostering STEM education for high school students aiming to pursue careers in engineering orSTEM disciplines. Through programs

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Aiman S Kuzmar, Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia

the importance of engagingundergraduate students in research projects. This is not the place to elaborate on this particularaspect, but a few examples are provided to add credibility to this paper.Kate Rix [1] gives a summary on the benefits of undergraduate research. She states that“Students learn more by and through research. On top of this, students find enjoyment inconducting such non-classical class activities.” Specifically, she further adds: “Studies showstudents who participate (in research activities) earn better grades, are more likely tograduate and are better equipped for graduate school or careers.”The University of California Davis (UCD) is proud of having four out of ten students performingundergraduate research activities in

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Kenneth Stafford Sands II, Auburn University; Andrew Hughes, Auburn University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

. Without the use of mockups, it canbe challenging to convey how various parts of a structure come together. This challenge isparticularly evident in educational settings, where students may struggle to visualize buildingsand their components in three dimensions, a crucial skill for their future careers. To bridge thisgap, educational tools like physical and virtual mockups are invaluable, helping students betterunderstand both individual material components and how those components are assembled.However, these tools are not without their own set of challenges, such as cost, space, andcomplexity. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, our team developed a mobile wall mockup(MWM) specifically designed to serve as a hands-on learning tool in

Conference Session

Student Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Spencer Matthew Pollard, California State University, Chico; Abbas Attarwala, California State University, Chico; Jaime Raigoza, California State University, Chico

Tagged Topics

Student Papers

are connected to an Arduino microcontroller. The Arduino is what controls the logicfor which LED to illuminate on the breadboard to simulate reading a 0 or a 1.Lessons Learned: What worked well?The camp successfully provided students with a solid theoretical foundation, highlighting whyquantum computing is a field worth exploring, especially as a potential career path. Despite thecomplexity of the material, students demonstrated genuine enthusiasm and engagement,suggesting that they appreciated the value and relevance of quantum computing even beforeencountering a physical implementation. A key highlight was the hands-on activity at the camp’sconclusion, designed to bridge theoretical concepts with practical applications. This activity

Conference Session

Student Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Hammad Afzal Quddus, Mercer University; Landon James Yarbrough, Mercer University; Megan Elizabeth Batchelor, Mercer University; Chandan Roy, Mercer University

Tagged Topics

Student Papers

developing nations across the world. Theteam has proven that repeatable tests can be conducted using the design. In addition, thisindependent study course required the students to use their in-depth knowledge of heat transferand thermodynamics in a practical setting. Through this independent study course, the studentsgained exposure to a variety of experimental tools, learned how to design and build, tackledpractical challenges, and developed essential skills that will be crucial for building a successfulengineering career after graduation.References[1] W. Xing, Y. Xu, C. Song, and T. Deng, “Recent Advances in Thermal Interface Materials for Thermal Management of High-Power Electronics,” Nanomaterials, vol. 12, no. 19, p. 3365, Jan. 2022, doi

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Sean Walker, University of South Alabama; Kari J Lippert, University of South Alabama

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

Systems.Dr. Kari J Lippert, University of South Alabama Dr. Kari Lippert, D.Sc., has over 45 years’ experience as a Systems Engineer serving in various roles in a wide variety of both commercial and government positions. She is currently an Assistant Professor in Systems Engineering at the University of South Alabama. She is a non-typical systems engineer having started her academic career in the biological sciences. She then moved into theoretical chemistry and biochemical simulation, then big data and databases, then systems, then cyberspace defense and network security. Analysis, design, implementation, integration, testing, requirements management, change management, risk, architecture, and process improvement – all

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 5: Development of a measure of intersectional socioeconomic inequality that extends beyond income

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Justin Charles Major, Rowan University; Allison Godwin, Cornell University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

development. Dr. Godwin graduated from Clemson University with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering and Ph.D. in Engineering and Science Education. Her research earned her a National Science Foundation CAREER Award focused on characterizing latent diversity, which includes diverse attitudes, mindsets, and approaches to learning to understand engineering students’ identity development. She has won several awards for her research including the 2021 Chemical Engineering Education William H. Corcoran Award, 2022 American Educational Research Association Education in the Professions (Division I) 2021-2022 Outstanding Research Publication Award, and the 2023 AIChE Excellence in Engineering Education Research Award

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Sultan Al Shafian, Kennesaw State University; Da Hu, Kennesaw State University; Jayhyun Kwon P.E., Kennesaw State University; Adam Kaplan, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

Paper ID #45684Augmented Reality for Teaching Rebar Configurations: Improving Comprehensionand Student EngagementMr. Sultan Al Shafian, Kennesaw State University Sultan Al Shafian is currently pursuing his PhD in Interdisciplinary Engineering from Kennesaw State University. His research focus area is Smart Infrastructure. He received his BSc and MSc degrees in Civil Engineering from the Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 8 years in the field of civil engineering, Sultan Al Shafian contributed his expertise to significant mega

Conference Session

Track 1: Technical Session 1: Supporting Engineering Graduate Students to Create Inclusive Learning Environments: A Professional Development Program at a Hispanic-Serving Institution

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Katherine R. McCance, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

PD program, an application was shared withengineering faculty and engineering graduate program coordinators before the start of the spring2024 semester. The application also was sent directly to engineering graduate students assignedas TAs for the semester. Six engineering graduate students submitted applications and wereaccepted to participate (Table 2). All participants expressed interest in inclusive teaching and/orfaculty careers. One of the graduate students served as a TA in the fullest capacity (i.e., taughtweekly recitation sessions). As mentioned above, challenges with TA appointments preventedmost of the participants from actively teaching in a TA role.Table 2. Demographics of engineering graduate student participants in the pilot

Conference Session

Track 5: Technical Session 1: Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Members' Personal and Professional Perspectives on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Yvette E. Pearson P.E., University of Texas at Dallas; Canek Moises Luna Phillips, Rice University; Lisa J. Borello, University of Texas at Dallas; Torrie Cropps; Jue Wu, Univertify of Florida; Samara Rose Boyle

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2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

within the overall nationalpopulation. Faculty members and administrators play key roles in academia, from deciding whogets hired in faculty roles to teach and advise students, to deciding policies and practices thatsupport student retention and graduation. Thus, the beliefs of STEM faculty members andadministrators about who belongs in their institutions, in their disciplines, and the types ofopportunities and access they should have speak to the decision-making that shapes the exclusionthat occurs in STEM.PurposeThis study is part of a larger research project designed to investigate factors that help or hinderindividuals from minoritized racial and ethnic identities when pursuing careers in the STEMprofessoriate. The research questions that

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Joshua Hicks-Ward, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Kevin Nguyen, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Cody Gonzalez, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Paper ID #49669Comparison, Design Review, and Prototype Model of Robotic Tool Changersfor Multi-Purpose Unmanned Ground Vehicle Applications: Learning ThroughIndustry PartnershipMr. Joshua Hicks-Ward, The University of Texas at San Antonio Joshua Hicks-Ward is a Graduate Student at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) and Production Manager at Renu Robotics. He received his B.S. in Physics from Southwestern University in 2019 and is currently pursuing his M.S. in Mechanical Engineering at UTSA. Mr. Hicks-Ward’s professional career has led to over four years of experience leading technical operations with three

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Yousef Sardahi, Marshall University; Asad Salem

Tagged Topics

Diversity

STEM fields and enhancing retention by reducing dropout rates, particularly inmale-dominated environments through supportive and collaborative settings 6 . Creating gender-aware courses that promote participation across technical and managerial roles and introducingrole models can build STEM self-efficacy, encouraging young women to pursue and remain inengineering careers 7,8 . Addressing unconscious bias and providing fair role assignments furtherenable female students to confidently take on technical responsibilities while fostering a strongsense of community and professional commitment 9,10 .Ultimately, this project highlights how practical, student-led initiatives in engineering educationdrive real-world skill development and meaningful

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Carmen Cioc, The University of Toledo; Sorin Cioc, The University of Toledo; Noela A. Haughton, The University of Toledo; William T. Evans PhD P.E., The University of Toledo

engineering careers. With theseinsights in mind, the authors felt compelled to introduce open-ended labs into their fluidmechanics course, believing that they would provide students with the opportunity to engage inmore meaningful, hands-on learning that mirrors the challenges they will face in professionalpractice [1-5]Pilot Implementation in an Advanced Fluid Mechanics courseThe pilot of the open-ended lab was introduced in the Fall 2024 semester as part of a mechanicalengineering technology program's fluid mechanics course. This course is the second in asequence of two fluid mechanics courses, designed to build upon foundational concepts andprovide more advanced knowledge of fluid behavior. It is a 4-credit hour course, with 3 credithours

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 4: A Descriptive Study on Biased and Non-Inclusive Language Use in the Engineering Education Research Community

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Xingchen Xu, Arizona State University; Anjing Dai, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Li Tan, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

, thereby influencing diversity and inclusion in academia (Onyeador et al., 2021;Russell et al., 2019). For example, Degner et al (2019) found that the use of gender-specificlanguage or the stereotyping of particular ethnic and racial groups may unintentionally convey amessage of exclusivity, leading certain groups to feel marginalized in their engineering educationstudies and careers. Apart from that, such biases can be subliminally present in instructionalmaterials, research papers, and everyday communications, leading to a persistence of bias thataffects individuals’ opportunities in a variety of settings (Llorens et al., 2021; Schnierle et al.,2019). In consequence, researchers and educators in the field of engineering education

Conference Session

CANCELLED: Track 2: Technical Session 6: Exploring Gender Dynamics in Intercultural Competence Development through a Study Abroad Program

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Aparajita Jaiswal, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Sakhi Aggrawal, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Vidya Reddy Madana, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

: metacognition, study abroad, undergraduate, intercultural competence, globalmindset, higher education, gender differences1. BackgroundIntercultural competence is an increasingly prominent skill that needs to be taught by highereducation institutions to foster global-mindedness in students [1], [2]. Intercultural competencerefers to an individual’s ability to communicate effectively and appropriately with people fromdifferent cultural backgrounds [3]. In higher education, students’ intercultural development isnow a necessary skill, whether they pursue global careers or not, because the scope of issues andwork individuals encounter today has grown on a global scale [4], [5]. Research shows that withhigher education institutes prioritizing

Conference Session

Track 1: Technical Session 5: Motivations for Engineering Faculty Engagement in an Inclusive Pedagogy Program

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Renee M. Desing, University of Washington; Joyce Yen, University of Washington; Karen Thomas-Brown, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

students to connect their education totheir lived experiences and societal needs. Some things that I get really excited about as an instructor is showing them the relevance of the material they're learning beyond why they thought they were taking the class. So oftentimes students come in with a very kind of narrow perspective on why they have to take the course. Either it's just to graduate or get units or throw something on their TV, or they want to learn one specific skill for applying for a job, and so on. But I want to demonstrate to students that the topics that I'm teaching could be relevant more widely in their everyday lives, or help them think more broadly about their career opportunities

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Omar McFarlane Sweeney, University of Florida; Vani Ruchika Pabba, University of Florida; Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

Paper ID #45682SUSTAINABLE CITIES USING RENEWABLE ENERGY A CASE STUDYOF A RENEWABLE CITYMr. Omar McFarlane Sweeney, University of Florida Omar Sweeney is an astute Engineering Professional with three decades of experience, specializing in Civil, Construction Engineering and Project Management. Throughout his professional career, he has successfully led the charge for several major Government-related and social intervention programs and infrastructural projects. He holds a Master of Engineering from the University of Florida. He has completed postgraduate executive training programs at the London School of Economics

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Elyas Irankhah; Sashank Narain; Kelilah L. Wolkowicz

, strategy, and problem-solving. While Tic-Tac-Toe AI games effectively introduceWhen integrated with AI, it becomes a powerful tool for students to AI principles, their long-term impact on AIteaching computational thinking and decision-making [13]. learning and career development remains uncertain [28].Integrating AI-driven educational tools has transformed Studies suggest that while initial engagement levels are high,learning methodologies, particularly in game-based learning. it is unclear whether this translates into sustained interest in AIOne study by S. Jain and N. Khera highlights that adapting or improved academic performance in advanced AI coursesTic-Tac-Toe into an AI-driven experience

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., Texas A&M University System RELLIS Campus; Celeste Arden Riley, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Jeffrey John Hatala, West Texas A&M University; Andrew Crawford, Tarleton State University; London Knight, West Texas A&M University; Victoria June Vinzant, Texas A&M University - Kingsville

available to students in Houston. He also served on the Texas State Board of Education committee preparing the standards for career and technical education. In addition, Dr. Nelson served as the chair of the academic advisory committee for the Texas Board of Registration for Professional Engineers, and chaired the task committee to enhance faculty licensure.Celeste Arden Riley, Texas A&M University - Kingsville Dr. Celeste Riley is an Assistant Professor of Practice in the Department of Psychology and Sociology at Texas A&M University-Kingsville, RELLIS Campus. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Psychology ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

M. A. Karim P.E., BCEE, F.ASCE, M.ASEE, University of West Florida

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

longitudinal approaches to betterunderstanding the long-term effects of attendance on career readiness and professional success inenvironmental engineering.References[1] M. Credé, S. G. Roch, and U. M. Kieszczynka, “Class Attendance in College: A Meta- Analytic Review of the Relationship of Class Attendance With Grades and Student Characteristics,” Rev. Educ. Res., vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 272–295, Jun. 2010, doi: 10.3102/0034654310362998.[2] S. Moore et al., “The Relationship Between Class Attendance and Academic Performance in Engineering Education,” Am. J. Eng. Educ., 2015.[3] J. Wang, et al., “Correlation Between Attendance and Academic Achievement in Environmental Engineering Courses.,” Environ. Educ. Res., 2018.[4] A. Bowers et al

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Erin Bosarge, University of South Alabama

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

. • Develop assessments addressing technical, societal, and ethical competencies. • Collaborate with industry to offer real-world AI exposure and mentorship.6.2 Future Research DirectionsFuture research should: • Include larger, more diverse samples for generalization. • Address all AI4K12 components, including "Natural Interaction" and "Societal Impact." • Conduct studies on PBL’s long-term impact on career choices and ethical reasoning. • Expand the scope to non-English and gray literature for global perspectives. • Explore hybrid models combining PBL with flipped classrooms.6.3 Final ThoughtsAs AI reshapes industries and society, preparing students to responsibly engage with thesetechnologies

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Lianjun Wu, Mercer University; Arash Afshar, Mercer University; Dorina Marta Mihut; Belle Lin; Melanie L McElroy, Mercer University ; Jordi Riera Shephard, Mercer University; Michael James Norenberg, Mercer University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

/Design skills o Material testing and characterization o Data analysis and interpretation o Technical documentation o Project management o Other (please specify): _________Part 4: Project Impact and SuggestionsPlease provide detailed responses to the following questions: 16. How has this project influenced your understanding of interdisciplinary engineering work? 17. What aspects of the project would you suggest improving for future students? 18. How has this project impacted your career goals or interests in prosthetic development?Thank you for your participation in this survey. Your feedback will help improve futureinterdisciplinary engineering projects at Mercer University.

Conference Session

Track 3: Technical Session 6: Uncovering the less-heard histories and barriers of Asian and Asian American Students

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Siqing Wei, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Marissa A Tsugawa, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Li Tan, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

constitute 14% of the U.S. population.Asian Americans also show the highest median household income and highest levelof education of all racial groups, even surpassing native-born White Americans. Forexample, half of Asian American adults ages 25 and older have a bachelor’s degree ormore, compared with 31% of White Americans, 18% of African Americans, and 13%of Latino/a Americans. Their socioeconomic rise is largely due to immigration: Asianimmigrants arrive in the United States with more than average levels of education,job skills, and incomes. Furthermore, the Pew report emphasized that AsianAmericans place more value on hard work, career success, marriage, and parenthoodthan other Americans, and that they are also more satisfied with their lives

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Samuel Servati; PS. Dhanasekaran

’ Achievement in Four Mathematics Topics." Journal oftechnology education by bridging the gap between STEM Education, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 45-56, 2022.theoretical knowledge and real-world applications. [3]. Verma, A. K., Dickerson, D. L., and McKinney, S.Through active engagement, PBL fosters essential "Engaging Students in STEM Careers with Project-technical skills, critical thinking, adaptability, and Based Learning--MarineTech Project." Technology andteamwork, preparing students to meet the evolving Engineering Teacher, vol. 25, pp. 36-42, 2011. [4]. Savage, R. N., Chen, K. C., and Vanasupa