Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Mullin; Gail Bornhorst

engineering, and generalbiological systems engineering) areas from 2017 to 2020, where 1 = least interested and 4 = mostinterested.A follow-up survey item asked students about their interest in a variety of EBS research topics. The list ofresearch topics generated reflects main areas of faculty expertise with an expectation that incomingundergraduate students had little to no knowledge of. The forced-choice survey item required studentsto rate their interest for each topic using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from least interested (= 0) tomost interested (=3). Weighted averages for the research topics, presented in Fig. 6, span all four yearsof data. Analysis outcomes reinforce student’s high interests in Biotechnical, Natural Resources

Conference Session

ERM: Identity Impacts (Identity Part 2)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cristian Vargas Ordonez, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Siqing Wei, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Tiantian Li, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

in this study share a lack ofbelongingness [14], [15] and feelings of not being understood, which is complicated by theirlegal status, language barrier, cultural difference, and daily life adjustment. These commonthreads limit international students from reaching their full potential in the success of their study,research, and social life. To examine the impact of the shared feelings among our participants, anadditional round of interviews and further data analysis are required.From our results, some preliminary recommendations to departments can be made. Contrary tocommon perceptions [27], faculties can reflect on what it means to be mentors instead of merelyadvisors and offer more personalized support to international students. At the

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Demos and Interactives

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brendan Smith, Loyola Marymount University

modelling in acontext that is more reflective of its primary simulation use case. Then, instead of moving on tomore advanced Simulink models, which might approach the complexity and nonlinearity ofproblems in industry, I have students revisit the controls concepts coved in Simulink in anArduino-based hardware lab, before using that lab to introduce more abstract concepts such asinstability and frequency response. My goal is that while students may see somewhat fewerdistinct applications, this revisiting of familiar system in hardware can help them developstronger physical intuition that they can extrapolate to more advanced, less tactile, controlsproblems.MethodsIn my current control systems lecture course, I use a combination of simulation- and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Clancy, University of Michigan; Shanna Daly, University of Michigan; Laura Murphy, University of Michigan; Colleen Seifert, University of Michigan

included limited time and lack of resources availableor known to the students to engage in exploration of alternatives.Some limitations of this process included limited diversity in the pilot sample, includingmechanical engineering students from a single university. The convenience sampling of studentsthrough research team contacts may have resulted in students more interested in reflecting onengineering work. Next steps within the larger research study include plans to intentionallyrecruit a more diverse student sample through program listservs, student organizations, andmultiple universities to ensure diversity across gender, race and ethnicity, experiences, andselected projects. The larger research study will be expanded to include high school

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachael Cate, Oregon State University; Aiden Nelson

. reflection practice integration 5. affective awareness and professional integrity development [1]We created Fig. 1 (below) to illustrate our understanding of the potential dynamic between theseinfluencers within an engineering program, but we also arrived at the conclusion that ourunderstanding of their significance and their relationship to each other (and to applying them tocreate transformative programs in engineering education) was still in need of furtherinvestigation and articulation [1]. What we do believe this figure conveys in a useful way is thesituational, relational nature of the transformative learning process for our students. As thestudent on the left and the student on right interact with each other, they build a shared

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria Matthew, VentureWell; Surbhi Lipkin-Moore; Pedro Arce, Tennessee Technological University; Andrea Arce-Trigatti, Tallahassee Community College; Nathalie Lavoine, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Lucian Lucia, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Emre Selvi, Jacksonville University; Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary; Murat Tiryakioglu, Jacksonville University; Justin Hall, Jacksonville University; Ron Edelen, Jacksonville University; Jeffery Plumblee, VentureWell

review of the data), 3) identifiedand revises themes, and 4) defined themes. Results from thematic analysis of the emergentlearning table and accompanying quarterly learning meetings data are shared below. Methods oftrustworthiness [25] were addressed through various mechanisms, including: triangulation withCoP members case studies (credibility), tracking contextual factors and descriptive informationin the emergent learning log (transferability, dependability), and the team’s engagement inregular reflection during quarterly learning meetings (reflexivity). In some cases, quotes havebeen utilized from the learning meeting notes or learning logs to illustrate a theme or finding.Table 1: “What will it take for faculty to learn from each other

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 14: Introductory Programming Assessment, Plagiarism, Motivation, Engagement, and Textbooks

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Alford, University of Michigan; Heather Rypkema, University of Michigan; Ryien Hosseini, University of Michigan; Megan Beemer, University of Michigan; Harsh Jhaveri, University of Michigan

lab percentage was increased from 15% of the course grade to 20% of the course gradeto reflect the greater effort required for the collaborative group lab assignments introduced in Fall2020. For context, the weekly homework includes self-paced, asynchronous work completed viaan interactive learning platform (material developed by course staff) as well as attending onelecture per week and completing a reflection form (i.e. a flipped-classroom style approach).After evaluating many different platforms, we decided to use PrairieLearn, an onlineproblem-driven learning system for creating homeworks and tests [15]. The Appendix includesmore information on our assessment platform decision, our rationale for our choices inassessment settings, and how

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan Wawire, University of Houston; Jerrod Henderson, University of Houston; Brian McGowan, American University; Kristin Schaefer, University of Houston; Le Shorn Benjamin

administered a short pre-survey thatasked about participants’ demographics, major, year in school, current courses, and grade pointaverage. The participant orientation meeting gave students an opportunity to learn more aboutthe study’s aims and to receive the initial prompt for the study (prompts are explained below).We used photovoice methodology [32] as a means of data collection and asked students to takephotographs and reflect on their sources of motivation, success, and struggle during theirengineering journeys, and also to engage with one another via three focus groups throughout thesemester. We encouraged participants to assign hashtags (recognition, interest, or competence) totheir photographs to help them better describe the content of their

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Mechanics Applied and the Best in Five... Get Ready!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J Carroll, Saint Louis University; John Aidoo, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Alec Derks, Saint Louis University; Matthew Lovell, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kyle Kershaw, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

axes (i.e. column capacity vs effective length) similar to Fig. 5. Each student was then required to make reasonable assumptions about the test set-up andpredict the failure load for the column with an effective length of 4 ft. During testing, theinstructor occasionally paused the test in order to explain a structural behavior or answer anyquestions from the students. Fig. 8 (c) shows the buckled column and Fig. 8 (d) shows theinstructor pointing out the yielded steel. After the test, the students were required to reflect onthe following questions: 1. Based on your plot, predict the load at which the column will buckle. 2. What assumptions were made about the support conditions of the column? 3. During testing, closely

Conference Session

EMD Technical Session 1: Captstone, Ethics, and Statistical Methods

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Jaurez, National University; Ben Radhakrishnan, National University; Nelson Altamirano, National University

happen due to unforeseen or unplanned eventthat occurs that the system was not designed for. Under these circumstances it might be difficultfor any quick analysis since tools to analyze chaotic situations may not be available. This iswhere the use of AI technology to analyze becomes an important tool since AI can look at datafrom all phases and make quick predictions. With XAI one can also expect highly influentialfactors and maintenance can relate them to one or more of the SE phases.It is also important to note that in the Figure 2 V-model diagram, there is no relationship orconnection shown from the Operations and Maintenance section to any subsection in thedecomposition and integration cycle. This is also a reflection of no process or tools

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Technical Session 7: Cybersecurity and Computing

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica McGill, CSEdResearch.org; Angelica Thompson; Leigh Ann DeLyser; Eric Snow; Luronne Vaval; Stephanie Wortel-London

impactfindings match what has been stated in early reports–that students have been adversely affected inseveral ways and that schools serving majority BIPOC students were more heavily impacted. Inthis section, we take a deeper, reflective look at the findings.4.1 Observations4.1.1 CapacityWhen asked about the impact the pandemic had on their school’s capacity to offer equitable accessto CS courses over the past 12 months, participants reported that they saw significant increases intheir schools’ funding, policy, and curriculum changes. Specifically, schools increased their plansto add additional CS courses, as well as their strategies to make CS curriculum more equitable,improve CS curriculum, recruit more diverse students into CS, and add CS A or CS

Conference Session

Inclusivity at Two Year Colleges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Yowell, University of Colorado Boulder; Gabe Hanzel-Sello; Gary Barnak, Saddleback College; Michael Venn, Community College of Baltimore County

programs. This disparity is especially true in regions in which their richethnic diversity is not reflected in the demographics of students entering STEM degree programsor subsequently joining the STEM workforce. Relevant literature points to the fact that largeproportions of underrepresented students report fear of math and a lack of understanding ofopportunities in the STEM and energy sectors, thus leaving them barred from entry into existingacademic and career pathways in STEM [42], [43].The STEM Core model includes a developed summer bridge opportunity for rising high schoolseniors and dual-credit enrollees, recent high school graduates, and (perhaps) non-traditionalentering community college students to be held on-site at partner community

Conference Session

WIED: Activities and Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Adrienne Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Cinzia Cervato, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Sonia Goltz; David Wahl, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Patricia Sotirin; Mark Rouleau

and belonging. The program worked to reduce the isolation, exclusion, andsilencing of non-majority individuals within the typical academic career progression in additionto adapting to support during pandemic-altered faculty challenges. Key advantages of CIMCsincluded enabling inter-institutional exchanges and reflective learning among committeemembers about similarities and differences in climate and opportunities on different campuses.This paper will review the premise and literature on peer and peer-plus mentoring as well asdescribe the process of forming and supporting the CIMCs. Formative assessments for thisongoing program will also be discussed. This paper can serve as a guide for other institutions toform communities of support for

Conference Session

WIED: Analysis, Challenges, Success, and Impacts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth DaMaren, University of Toronto; Alison Olechowski, University of Toronto

increasing diversity in designteams.Research on teams has shown that diversity, including gender diversity, leads to an increase in the qualityof work by improving collective intelligence of groups, encouraging equitable contributions in teamsettings, and adding new perspectives to groups [5]. Gender diversity, specifically within engineering, hasbeen investigated for many years, as it is widely accepted that the representation of women in engineeringneeds to be increased. This is reflected in efforts such as Engineers Canada’s 30 by 30 initiative, whichdirectly targets this goal by working with regulators, higher-education institutions, and other keystakeholders to increase the percentage of women in engineering [6]. These efforts appear to be

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Perspectives on Engineering Ethics Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Beever, University of Central Florida; Laurie Pinkert, University of Central Florida; Steven Kuebler

framework, mentioning existing codes of ethics or less formalstandards within professional organizations or conferences. A few, however, offered moreimplicit examples. One participant from mathematics reflected on their program, explaining: Then you know I think for me it's more like you know, because you get PhDs or you follow your supervisors, you know, I mean your supervisor is a good model. So, you just follow the style in some way, so….you cannot cheat, that’s basic, right. So, and I mean, you have to do the math. Not to do anything else right. So, I mean just that's something I think. What you’re supposed to do, I think you know I just stay in sync….Here, the participant offers a less formal way to know what

Conference Session

Assessment in Mechanics Courses

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Sevier, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Vincent Prantil, Milwaukee School of Engineering

time investment when first creating these problems is about one to two hours. Afterthey are created, they can be reused for subsequent classes with usually only minor updates (e.g.,adding clarity to the problem statement). The automated grading does save time but can generatea substantial increase in student questions. The quantity of these questions can be managed bythe following guidelines: • Provide students with a “MATLAB Grader Q & A” worksheet that contains answers to commonly asked questions regarding MATLAB Grader. • Insist that students come prepared with neatly written work describing their process instead of just their code. • Update the feedback within MATLAB Grader tests to reflect common errors or

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 9: Decision Making, Problem-Based Projects, Role-Play, and a Nontraditional Project Theme

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maiken Winther, Aalborg University; Henrik Routhe, Aalborg University; Jette Holgaard, Aalborg University; Anette Kolmos, Aalborg University

collaboration between the groups? (How many meetings/timing) What type of knowledge have you shared among the groups? (Difficulties in understanding each other) Can you try to tell us how (and if) the process has been different from your ordinary semester projects? Retrospective reflections Could you have done this project within the other groups? (Your contribution/contributions from the other groups) Have you gained a better understanding of your own disciplinary contributions? What have you learned being part of leadENG? Did it make sense being part of leadENG already in second semester? (Pros and cons) What do you think should be done to improve leadENG further?Data were transcribed and coded using the software NVivo. The coding was data-driven

Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyeonghun Jwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

questions one by one, such that if participants do not answer the first question,the second question will not send, and it has delay between two distributions. Participants have awindow until 12 am on the next survey day to answer the question, so that multiple surveys arenot taken reflecting the same day. On Fridays, there are an additional six questions: Given that ASMS 2-way survey including more than five questions is highly likely to reduce the participationfor a long period of a longitudinal survey, we chose to send a separate one-way SMS message witha link to the weekly survey that directs them to a Qualtrics browser window. The Monthly surveysare conducted in the same way.At the end of each week, the PhD student overseeing this project

Conference Session

ERM: Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and MORE!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kai Jun Chew, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Holly Matusovich, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

suchjustifications based on my positionality. In addition, I identify as an Asian man who was bornand raised in Malaysia, and I have experienced certain forms of privilege as an engineeringstudent because of my identity. I constantly acknowledged the privilege that shaped myexperiences with tests, such as high school learning experiences that have prepared me as a goodtest taker, during the research process. These positionalities shape how I see tests, and as areflexive researcher, I reflect and acknowledge them in my research.Results This paper illuminates Charlie’s case to answer the research question of exploring whatCharlie’s test usage beliefs and behaviors are. While presenting these beliefs and behaviors, Ialso explored how the beliefs and

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 8: Effective Teaching and Learning in Post-Pandemic Classrooms and Other Curricular Innovations

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tyler Gamvrelis, University of Toronto; Hamid Timorabadi, University of Toronto

can help researchers betterunderstand the needs of today’s students, including the challenges they face and the educationalresources and support systems they now expect to be available. Furthermore, criticallyexamining what worked better online can help advance the community’s understanding of whatconstitutes a successful learning environment. In summary, this avenue of study would bevaluable for understanding the future of education in the post-pandemic world.In the quest to address this research challenge, this paper reflects on our experience teaching anintroductory computer networks course, titled Computer Networks I, from the Fall 2020 semesterthrough the Fall 2021 semester. The course is typically taken by electrical and

Conference Session

LEAD Technical Session 1: Fostering Leadership Identity Development and DEI in Engineering Students and Professionals

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katreena Thomas, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

make significant strides. In a report from the NationalAcademy of Sciences, they describe this challenge as “Despite the demonstrated advantages todiversity in the workforce, it remains an unfortunate truth that the current composition of theSTEM workforce does not reflect the current or future demographic realities of the UnitedStates” [3]. As it stands, Black students are less than 5% of undergraduate engineering graduates,and Black faculty represent less than 3% of engineering faculty [1]. Even the solutions to bothproblems in engineering education are parallel. Blosser [4] describes a need for a critical mass ofBlack engineering faculty to address the problem of representation. Rottmann et al. [5] describe aneed for a “critical mass of

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 2: Peer Mentoring/Learning, Teaching Assistants, and Career Mentorship

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darcie Christensen, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Idalis Villanueva, University of Florida

mentorship for students in hybrid orfully virtual situations. Reflections were made to consider the potential differences in theperceptions of EHL and IP-EHL students. The results and implications garnered from this deeperdive allowed us to provide recommendations for future efforts in hybrid or fully virtual peermentorship in engineering.Research QuestionThe research motivation for this analysis emerged from the frequent participant responses inChristensen’s study [31] related to the impossibility or difficulty in receiving peer mentorship invirtual or distance learning scenarios. As such, the research question for this study is: What arethe unique priority student communicated needs that should be considered with relation tofully or hybrid virtual

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1: Looking at Study Abroad through an enhanced lens

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kacie D'Alessandro, Virginia Military Institute

these marvels firsthand during the final two weeks of the term. This paper providesan overview of the Engineering Marvels course, including a list of topics covered, types ofassignments, a travel itinerary, and a cost breakdown for students, faculty, and the university.Lessons learned throughout the planning and execution of the course are also provided to helpfuture educators wishing to implement similar courses into their curriculum.Pedagogical MotivationExperiential learning is a type of active learning where students perform an activity [1], andadditional learning takes place when reflecting on the experience [2]. Field trips have beenshown to improve student motivation and lead to the development of personal connections withengineering [3

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Castillo, University of California, Irvine; Brianna McIntyre, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Allison Godwin, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

asking students to complete a journey map to depict the highs andlows since their previous interview. During the interview, we asked the students to describe theirexperiences over the past approximately six months using the journey map elicitation tool. Thisprocess allowed the students to reflect on their curricular and co-curricular experiences whilenavigating engineering. Following the journey mapping activity, the interviewer asked clarifyingquestions to bring out more details about the students’ experiences. Then, the researcherfollowed up with standardized questions from the interview protocol that probe into students’classroom experiences, interactions with faculty in engineering, as well as how they navigatedthe highs and lows of their

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Nagel, James Madison University; Melissa Aleman, James Madison University; Kelly Sadel

engineering upon graduation. Each cohort (e.g.,first-year, sophomore, etc.) takes the same set of courses as they matriculate through the major.This study required students to be above 18 years old and to participate in the focus groupspecified for their academic year (cohort). Participants included one senior, three juniors, foursophomores, and one first-year in the program. A total of five men and four women participatedin the study and all identified as white. The lack of racial diversity reflects the demographics ofthe program and the university as a predominantly white institution. To gather participants andfilter their participation, an interest survey was used. The survey was sent out that asked forstudent availability. The researcher chose a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lois Joy; Nia Yisrael, Jobs for the Future

positive experiences students had in internships was also reflected in the MWCCinternship survey. All the women respondents and 90% of the men reported that “I am a good fitwith this company.” Similar results were found in response to the question, “My internshipconfirmed my technology education and career interests.” Students also overwhelmingly agreedthat the day-to-day work in the internship “was related to my technology education” and that“the internship gave me the opportunity to learn new skills to further my education and careergoals.”9Internship fills middle skill STEM “niche”: Employers sought out technology interns to fillcurrent middle skill technology needs and to build a pipeline of potential candidates for futureneeds. Employers from

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy Straub, North Dakota State University

. InSection 5.1, the students’ demographics are presented. Then, in Section 5.2, students’ reasonsfor choosing to participate are discussed.5.1. Participant DemographicsThe demographic characteristics of the year four participants were similar to those from the firstthree years. The class levels of participants for all four years of the program are listed in Table1. Notably, like in the prior year, all participants were sophomore year students or above.However, several students class level was not reflective of their years in college, due toAdvanced Placement and prior college credit. Thus, two students completing their first year ofcollege participated in the program (but were classified as sophomores). Table 1. Participant Class

Conference Session

ERM: Find Out More About Faculty!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Huff, Harding University; Mackenzie Sharbine, Harding University; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Nicola Sochacka, University of Georgia; Kyle Shanachilubwa, Harding University; Grant Countess, Harding University

mistakes.” When participants experienced shame, they saw failure as a reflection of theirglobal ability to be an engineer and responded by withdrawing from both engineeringcoursework and community. While shifting the mindset from shame to guilt offered the mostreparative outlet of coping with the emotional experience, it was not the most accessible. Insteadof working through failure, many participants attempted to share the responsibility for failurewith others. Roger explains that as he was experiencing failure in a course: I definitely put blame on my professor for not teaching it well, or my friends for not explaining it well because I felt I gave my part . . . I’d say with most all of my classes, there comes a breaking point

Conference Session

PCEE Technical Session 5: STEM Teacher Instructional Moves

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farah Faruqi, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Khomson Keratithamkul, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Benny Mart Hiwatig, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Elizabeth Forde; Nilay Ozturk, University of Minnesota

science andengineering [14], [15].Literature review The problems we face in this society are complex in nature and require the integration ofmultiple disciplines, concepts, and skills to solve. Therefore, educational reforms advocate for achange in how these disciplines are taught in schools, with an emphasis on the integrationbetween STEM disciplines to teach students problem-solving skills and to model real-worldproblems [1], [8]. Researchers agree that integrated STEM instruction should use real-worldcontexts to engage students in authentic and meaningful learning [6], [9] that reflects theinterconnectedness of the four STEM disciplines. Despite the pedagogical drive for more integrated STEM in K-12 grade levels, researchon

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy - Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renato Alan Bezerra Rodrigues; Jillian Seniuk Cicek, University of Manitoba; Kari Zacharias, Concordia University; Jeffrey Paul, University of Manitoba

development, ANT itself has undergone many transformations and has been representedby many authors. Sociology and Science and Technology Studies (STS), the fields where ANT was firstdeveloped and used, have largely moved into a “post-ANT” space, as Latour, Law, and many others havepublished ANT critiques, rebuttals, reflections, and reformulations (e.g. Latour 1996; 1999; 2007; 2011;Law and Hassard 1999; Gad and Jensen 2010). As Gad and Jensen demonstrate, “post-ANT” does notmean that researchers have left ANT behind, but rather that they have questioned and extended itsapproaches in new work. Instead of straightforwardly applying ANT concepts and methods in newcontexts, most recent work in STS seeks to critique or respond to the theory in new