Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leda Lunardi, NC State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, beliefs, gender difference, mentors.INTRODUCTIONThe Engineering the Grid research experience for undergraduates (REU) is a ten week programsponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) with an annual cohort of 10 students for3 years. It was awarded to broaden the undergraduate multidisciplinary research teams at NCState beyond the NSF-sponsored Engineering Research Center (ERC) Future RenewableElectric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) Systems where both investigatorsstarted both education programs: pre-college and college [1]. The goal of the FREEDMSystems is strongly centered on integrating scalable renewable generating energy sources intoan efficient power electric grid. Today’s grid, based on traditional electromechanical devices

Conference Session

Micro-Technology and Nanotechnology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Patrick Lee Kirby, Drexel University (Eng.); Justin Bryan Gillander

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

options such as EngineeringTechnology are open to them. Due to its straightforward conceptual basis, amenability to visualdemonstrations, accessibility of the prototyping technology to students, and its impressiveapplications in the biomedical area, micro-fluidics offers an excellent means for attractingstudents to science and engineering 1-7.Micro-fluidics has become an important commercial technology and engineering discipline in itsown right, with extensive applications in biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, materials science,nanotechnology, and energy conversion. Micro-fluidics also provides an outstanding vehicle toeducate and expose students to engineering subjects that are hallmarks of EngineeringTechnology curricula. Further, the

Conference Session

iSTEM

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Heil, David Heil & Associates, Inc.; Greg Pearson, National Academy of Engineering; Susan E. Burger, David Heil & Associates, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

STEM EducationConstructivism Cognitive Development CognitionLearning Achievement Informal EducationNon-formal Education Mentor Out-of-SchoolAfter-School Enrichment ExtracurricularInquiry-based Instruction & LearningScience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics EducationInitially, the abstracts and articles were screened using the following criteria: 1. Does the program described or studied integrate at least two of the STEM disciplines? 2. If so, does the integration include engineering or technology? 3. Does the article or report provide empirical evidence

Conference Session

Thermodynamics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nihad Dukhan, University of Detroit Mercy; Mark Schumack, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

passing rates in thethermodynamics section are low for mechanical, electrical and civil engineering students.8National averages for the past ten years are given in Table 1 and the standard deviation (ifavailable) is given in brackets. The table shows the lowest score recorded (27%) was for civilengineering students in 2004, while the highest score (71%) was that of mechanical engineeringstudents in 2009. Figure 1 shows the trend in student’s performance in graphical form. It is clear Page 23.1280.3that there is not a clear improvement during the past ten years. For the most part, students’performance falls in the band from 40% to 65%. The figure

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen B. Coletti, Northeastern University; Melinda Covert, Northeastern University; Paul A. DiMilla, Northeastern University; Lauren Gianino, Northeastern University; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University; Emily Wisniewski, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

course coordinator for the freshman-level General Chemistry for Engineers as well as an instructor for Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 1 and Chemical Engineering Kinetics at Northeastern. He also is the author of the recently-published textbook General Chemistry for Engineers.Lauren Gianino, Northeastern University Lauren Gianino graduated in May of 2012 from Northeastern University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Chemical Engineering. During her time at Northeastern, she held three co-op positions at Lockheed Martin, 1366 Technologies, and Genzyme and completed a summer REU program at UC Berkeley in Bioengineering. Lauren is currently employed at EMD Millipore as a Quality Engineer.Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mingshao Zhang, Stevens Institute of Technology; ZHOU ZHANG, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Sven K. Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

single-point tracking) to calculate the positions anddeformations of objects, which results in low drifting error. Taking advantage of these desirablecharacteristics, Kinect is believed to have the potential for becoming an economical and versatiletool for adoption in a wide variety of educational laboratories.1. IntroductionA data acquisition system is usually defined as an electronic instrument or group of interconnectedelectronic hardware apparatus used for the measurement and quantization of analog signals fordigital analysis or processing of certain physical phenomena [1]. Compared to traditional hands-ononly laboratories, experiments equipped with a DAQ system can hold considerable value for thestudents’ learning outcomes. The students

Conference Session

Secondary (6-12) Outreach

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ethan Alexander Peritz, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; Morgan M Hynes, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

analysis. Page 23.1283.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 1 University-community partnerships and program development in pre- college engineering educationAbstractWith the increasing discussion on STEM principles in K-12 education, specifically onengineering skills and practicum, public schools look to university-based education researchersfor curriculum development. These partnerships are low cost to the school district, yet theyremain mutually beneficial. Such

Conference Session

Motivation and Self-Efficacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Reid Brown, Virginia Tech; Holly M Matusovich, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

constructs. Ultimately, this instrument will be useful to the engineeringeducation community because of its potential to concisely measure all of the expectancy-valueconstructs (task values and expectancy of success) in engineering students. Motivation can becompared to other data such as persistence rates and measurements of career goals to betterunderstand the decisions that students make about their engineering education and career bymeasuring such connections.Introduction Research continues to show that engineering loses talented capable individuals to othermajors and careers.1-5 Out-migration is highest after the first year but research shows that peopleleave engineering majors throughout the undergraduate cycle, and even as practicing

Conference Session

FPD 8: Engineering Math Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya D Ennis, University of Colorado Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder; Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

performance. Of the students who took math courses outside of engineering, 64%earned less than a B- and 33% received Ds or Fs in calculus I. In response to this failure at theimportant mathematics juncture to success in engineering, a new pre-calculus for engineerscourse was developed in collaboration with the Applied Math Program to prepare students with adeeper understanding of mathematical concepts beyond what they previously received andprepare them for calculus success. A pilot class of 16 took the course in spring 2012, of whichmany moved on to calculus I in fall 2012 (pilot 1). A description and modifications to the pre-calculus for engineers course are presented in the paper, including the adoption of the ALEKSLearning System to assess and

Conference Session

Novel Methods of Construction Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Grau Talley P.E., Texas State University - San Marcos

Tagged Divisions

Construction

and general overhead,” and were written on the boardat the start of each lecture as the two daily outcomes. A listing of all daily outcomes used duringthe semester is included in the appendix for reference. During the opening minutes of lecture,the author would draw the students’ attention to the outcomes as a part of reminders andhousekeepingannouncements. At the Name:__________________________________________________________________ Date:_______________________end of class, the students TECH 4361/5362: Construction Estimatingwere expected to rate Attendance and Daily Feedbackhow well they agreed Using the a scale of 1 to 5, with

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Mechanical, Materials and Thermal Systems

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger A Beardsley PE, Central Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Technology (MET) program. Most students are juniors entering the core sequenceof classes in the major. Many of the students in this fall quarter thermodynamics class will betogether on graduation day, and they come together for the first time in this class. Thoughstudents may have touched on many thermodynamics topics in Physics and Chemistry classes,this is their first engineering thermodynamics class. The current lab activities have evolved fromthose that were developed in the late 1980s and outlined in a paper by Kaminski (1) in 1995.In order to keep students interested and engaged, efforts have been made to make the activitiesrelevant to everyday life experiences. In some of these labs they must make and state engineeringassumptions to complete

Conference Session

Computer Hardware and Simulation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krista M Hill, University of Hartford; Ying Yu, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

class, we started the Fall2012 semester with several clearly defined, achievable goals. 1. Continue with most of the same laboratory content, as it was, but make changes where we could, to replace our use of TTL devices with the CPLD. The second laboratory which was previously TTL based is now CPLD based. In this lab our students first experience logic circuit design and observe propagation delay, in a hands-on fashion. 2. Retain the lab hands-on experience and improve students’ understanding of the simulation procedure. We focused on having students perform activities that eventually leads to a functional circuit. Rather than simply producing a final working circuit, our students investigate a circuit in

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Innovations

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Baker, University of Kentucky; Vincent Capece, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, the slow motion videois used in conjunction with computer-based animations from a finite element analysis program,providing the students with an additional visual aid and also providing some validation for thestudents that results from the finite element analysis software are valid. The pros and cons ofvarious camera settings, and also some limitations of this low-cost alternative, are discussed.Also, some advantages of combining video from the high speed camera with video from othersources, such as video from screencasting software, are illustrated.BackgroundEducational benefits of using videos to capture phenomena are demonstrated in other works.One example is the work reported by Swanbom, et al.1, in which an off-the-shelf camera wasused

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education Research

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Albright P.E., University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

23.1290.2intuitive to most students. The MATLAB® numeric computation software package, as used inthis paper, can readily perform the simple calculations and construct plots of the results todemonstrate the origin and nature of steady-state errors for various values of system parametersand types of input signals. The graphical example of a car race analogy presented in Section III of this paper is designedto match the preferred learning style of most engineering students which is visual, sensing,inductive, and active; and it provides balance to the traditional lecture presentation which isusually auditory, intuitive, deductive, and passive.1 As preparatory background to the car raceanalogy, the author’s pedagogy in engineering courses makes extensive use

Conference Session

Best Methods for NEEs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmine C. Balascio P.E., University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

ePortfolio lends itself well to thecommunication of professional accomplishments that a P&T dossier is intended to provide. Ihave been assembling the web-based dossier in a manner consistent with the (somewhat limited)ePortfolio capabilities of Sakai.Other institutions have already begun considering the advantages of using an electronic dossierfor promotion and tenure applications. The Office of the Provost and Vice Chancellor forAcademic Affairs at the University of Illinois (UI), Urbana, commissioned an ad-hoc committeein 2007 to study the feasibility of using an "electronic portal to collect all the information relatedto faculty promotion and tenure packages"1. The committee found that UI was already "heavily

Conference Session

Design Methodology and Evaluation 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan R. Kendall, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

applied in product development processes indeveloped, industrialized countries. The use of these tools contributes to improvements to manycommon devices, from nail clippers to handheld power screwdrivers.1 Designers from developedcountries also apply these concept generation tools to solve design problems in developingcountries. There are many examples of engineers, including students and professionals fromorganizations like Engineers Without Borders (http://www.ewb-usa.org), who apply their designexpertise to improve quality of life through high quality, low-cost product designs.2-3 While theintentions are always good, occasionally these products are left unusable due to minorcomplications – poor maintenance, a standard part is lost, etc. due to

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lifang Shih, Excelsior College; Jane LeClair, Excelsior College; Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University, Altoona Campus

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

instruction is becoming popular in engineeringeducation [1]. Traditional and non-traditional colleges and universities are now using a variety ofinstruction tools to deliver on-line instruction to their students. Bb9 (Blackboard 9) is an on-linetool that facilitates the development of web-based educational environments. In the case ofExcelsior College, delivery of instruction is achieved primarily through the use of Bb9 distancelearning tool. The key features of Blackboard are listed in [2].The key advantage of offering on-line nanotechnology courses is a virtual classroom that isavailable anywhere: at school, at work, at home, or even on a trip. In addition to the geographicand temporal independence, the on-line nanotechnology courses offered by

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly A Warren, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Chuang Wang, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

’.Qualitative and quantitative data are collected as part of a comprehensive evaluation plan thatwill be used to compare student learning outcomes in the ‘treatment’ and ‘control groups’. It isimportant to note that the entire course curriculum was revamped prior to the start of this projectto ensure that delivery methods and teaching techniques were the only thing changed. Thestructure of the material (organized into ‘content modules’) remains unchanged from semester tosemester. The purpose of this project is to 1) develop effective, innovative desk-top tools (GCT)that will promote a student-centered, interactive learning environment in the classroom, 2)implement the GCT to target multiple learning styles while identifying the challenges, 3

Conference Session

FPD 4: First-Year Engineering Courses, Part I: Multimedia, Large Classes, and TAs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly C. Huett, University of West Georgia; Barbara B. Kawulich, University of West Georgia; P.K. Raju, Mechanical Engineering Dept, Auburn University,Al; Chetan S Sankar, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

STEM Education: Innovations and Research (www.jstem.org).Dr. Chetan S Sankar, Auburn University Page 23.1295.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Use of Multimedia Case Studies in an Introductory Engineering Course at Two Southeastern Universities: A Qualitative Evaluation StudyAbstractIt has been suggested that changes in the classroom environment and nature of instruction maypositively affect student learning of introductory engineering concepts.1 In response to recentcalls to improve engineering instruction, 2,3 an

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering (ME) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghuram V Pucha, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tristan T. Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology; Steven Y. Liang, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Education, 2013 Use of Process-oriented Approaches in Content-Intensive Courses: Some Insight in Teaching / Learning of Machine DesignIntroduction and Literature:The idea of learning in contexts that promote real-life applications of knowledge extendbackward more than two decades. Resnick's bridging apprenticeships [1] connected theoreticallearning in the classroom to the application of knowledge in the work environment. Also,Collins's idea of situated learning, "learning knowledge and skills in contexts that reflect the waythe knowledge will be useful in real life" [2], addressed knowledge applied in authentic contexts[3]. Process-oriented teaching [4] is aimed at the integrated teaching of learning and thinking, onone hand, and

Conference Session

ETAC/ABET RELATED OUTCOME BASED ISSUES

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Weissbach P.E., Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Ruth Camille Pflueger, Pennsylvania State University in Erie, the Behrend College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 23.1297.2knowledge and makes it shareable”1. The authors argue for a change in engineering writingassessment that favors formative assessment (focused on writing comments that lead to bothbetter writing and better engineering) over summative assessment (which sees writing ability asseparate from engineering design).A recurrent issue in the program at this school is that the students spend little energy inbecoming better writers and that the curriculum promulgates this message. At the time ofgraduation, the students will have taken 20 courses in their major field of study, but they willhave taken only two writing courses. These two courses include a freshman-level rhetoric andcomposition course, and a technical writing course where

Conference Session

Real and Virtual - "New" Approaches to Teaching "Old" Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard L. Zollars, Washington State University; Christopher Hundhausen, Washington State University; Adam Scott Carter, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

environment.Studio-Based LearningStudio-based learning (SBL) techniques have been used in a variety of disciplines, mostnotably in architectural education.1 The technique is rooted in a type of constructivistlearning theory called sociocultural constructivism.2 The studio-based approach typicallyencompasses four key steps (see Figure 1). 3 First, students are given complex andmeaningful problems for which they have to construct solutions. Second, studentspresent their solutions and justifications to the entire class for discussion and feedback.Third, students’ peers critique their solutions and provide comments. Finally, students aregiven the opportunity to respond to comments and criticisms, and to modify theirsolutions appropriately

Conference Session

POTPOURRI

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lifang Shih, Excelsior College; Jane A LeClair, Excelsior College

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

studentlearning are documented in the Institutional Assessment Plan of Student Learning (IAPSL).Under the College’s assessment framework, the School of Business and Technology develop anassessment plan that incorporates a systematic process to measure the achievement of fourinterrelated categories of student learning outcomes – program educational objectives (PEOs),and program (student) outcomes (PO/SOs). Page 23.1299.3Following Huba & Freed’s1 process for assessment of student learning, SBT adopts thefollowing eight steps in developing the assessment plans for the intended outcomes: 1. Develop articulated statements of intended goals/outcomes

Conference Session

New Concepts for Alternative and Renewable Energy Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Sozen, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

12 of these were repetitions of the same 4 questionsposed for each of the software tools. The answer to each one of these questions was to be givenon a scale of 1 to 5, where a “negative” response would correspond to a lower grade and a“positive” response to a higher grade on the scale. These 4 questions were as follows:Question 1: How useful/beneficial was the use of INL Wind Energy Analysis software to you?Scale: 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Very much)Question 2: How user friendly was the software? Scale: 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Very user friendly)Question 3: How reasonable was the time spent on learning to set up a case study? Scale: 1(Too excessive) to 5 (Very reasonable)Question 4: How easy was the interpretation of the results obtained? Scale: 1

Conference Session

Engagement in Formal and Informal Learning Environments

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nesim Halyo, Hampton University; Qiang Le, Hampton University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

more interactive class time between the instructors and students for learningthe complex processes of open-ended problem solving. Analysis of the surveys indicates thatstudents prefer increasing the class time used for problem solving interactively with theinstructor, prefer watching the video to reading their textbook and think they learn better withthis approach of more problem solving and video lecture for theory. A well-controlled study ofthe proposed approach is needed to show the extent to which student learning may increase inengineering at Historically Black College and Universities (HBCU) and other institutions.1. IntroductionOne of the main goals of engineering education is student learning, particularly in such areas asengineering

Conference Session

Classes in Entrepreneurship

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

experiencesC. You are the user: mapping experiencesD. Activities to experience the meaning of simplicityE. Resourcefulness-based design: Making something from (almost) nothingF. Blue Collar designsG. “What’s in it for me” designsH. “Be there:” Empathy-based designsI. Designs that solve or re-solve existing problemsJ. Design QuickiesK. Use-based designL. Rethinking existing designs (“do not get used to…”)The meaning of user-based designThe following story epitomizes one of many that are being shared with the students. It is aboutdesigning a solution to an “unsolvable” problem. The story emphasizes the need to look atproblems and solutions from the customer’s point of view (web-ref 1).The plot deals with young gang members. The disobedient teenagers

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin James Brennan, University of Texas, Austin; Adam Wayne Nokes, The University of Texas at Austin; Wallace T. Fowler P.E., University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

achieved during the GAM. The incoming and outgoing hyperbolic asymptotes aredisplayed radiating from the planet and reinforce the ease of interpretation by the student. Figure 1: Gravity Assist Maneuver Example2Figure 1, above, shows a sample GAM plot using planet centered coordinates. In the program, allgravity assists are assumed to be powered, and if an unpowered gravity assist is better, theoptimization reduces the ΔV magnitude to a negligible value.2 In the figure, the incoming andoutgoing hyperbolic trajectories are shown in black and blue, respectively, with a red poweredΔV direction vector. In this example case, the ΔV direction vector is displayed, but its magnitudeis negligibly small (< 1 m/s). Further

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chadia A. Aji, Tuskegee University; M. Javed Khan, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

integrated with an autopilot, telemetry systemand graphical user interface (Fig. 1) has beenprocured. This UAV has a flying wing design and Figure 1: The Procerus ‘Kestral’ UAVis equipped with an autopilot (Kestral) with rate gyros, a global positioning system (GPS),altitude and speed sensors (pitot-static), and a telemetry modem for uplink and downlinkcommunication. The flight data and position of the UAV istelemetered in real time to the ground station which consistsof a transceiver and a laptop computer running the virtualcockpit software. Several upper division students from Mathand Aerospace Engineering assisting with the project havebeen trained to fly the UAV in radio control as well asautopilot mode by pre-defining a flight path

Conference Session

Software and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

studying the most commonexperiments in electric machines and power systems laboratories. 1. Introduction Traditionally, in the development of engineering education the key objectives are to enable theteachers to convey knowledge and insight to the students. The main element was (and still is) thelecture, in which the teacher explains, gives examples, shows calculations, discusses physicalprinciples or mathematical derivations, etc. However, the accent was mainly on the oralcommunication, which was supported usually by hand written messages using the blackboardand chalk. During the last two decades, computing, information technology (IT), simulation andvisualization tools, virtual experiments, distant and remote laboratory, multimedia, the

Conference Session

Computing in the classroom

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. K. Hodge, Mississippi State University; Govinda Mahajan, Mississippi State Univeristy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

of typical, but not inclusive, papers and archival journal articles related to animations.ASEE references include conference papers and articles in ASEE-sponsored archivalpublications such as the Journal of Engineering Education and Computers in Education. Typicalconference paper examples include Shen and Zhu [1], Giro et al. [2], Abulencia et al. [3],Balazinski and Przybylo [4], Ziegler [5], and Hoorfar et al. [6]. These papers generally discussin detail the structure of the animations involved and present some assessments, perhapsanecdotal, of how effective the animations were in conveying the salient features of thephenomena. The time scale is about a decade, indicating the length of time of animationinvolvement by ASEE members. Typical