Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer - I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Kean, California Polytechnic State University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Brian Self, California Polytechnic State University; Tamara Moore, University Of Minnesota; Barbara Olds, Colorado School of Mines; Eric Hamilton, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics) even after many yearsof formal and informal learning. For example, data collected using the Thermal and Transportconcept inventory suggests that a significant number of seniors in chemical and mechanicalengineering confuse the rate of energy transfer vs. the amount transferred, do not understand howtemperature and energy are related, and believe that the thermal efficiency of a heat engine canbe increased to 100% if all heat losses and mechanical efficiencies are eliminated1.While concept inventories are one method for identifying student misconceptions, we are nowexploring the development and use of a new pedagogical technique called model-elicitingactivities (MEAs). MEAs were first developed to elicit problem

Conference Session

Graduate Study Programs Supporting Diversity and Underrepresented Minority Students - Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Tyler Fischer, U.S. Navy; Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Paper ID #20606Technical Review of Companies able to Support the Education and NavalInstallations’ Renewable Energy Goals through the use of Tidal and Hydro-Kinetic Energy DevicesLt. George Tyler Fischer, U.S. Navy Raised in Dayton, Ohio, Lieutenant Fischer entered Officer Candidate School in October 2009. After re- ceiving his commission in 2010, he was designated as a Civil Engineer Corps Officer. Lieutenant Fischer’s first tour was with Naval Mobile Construction Battalion THREE, serving as the Intelligence Officer and Detachment OIC during deployment operations supporting CJTF-HOA in humanitarian and civic assis

Conference Session

Emerging Computing and Information Technologies I

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Damla Turgut, University of Central Florida; Lisa Massi, University of Central Florida; Salih Safa Bacanli, University of Central Florida; Neda Hajiakhoond Bidoki, University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

applying big data techniques for improving STEM education for women and minorities. She is PI and Co-PI for NSF-funded REU and RET programs respectively. Her recent honors and awards include 2017 University Excellence in Professional Service Award and being featured in the UCF Women Making History series in March 2015. She was co-recipient of the Best Paper Award at the IEEE ICC 2013. Dr. Turgut serves as a member of the editorial board and of the technical program committee of ACM and IEEE journals and international conferences. She is a member of IEEE, ACM, and the Upsilon Pi Epsilon honorary society.Dr. Lisa Massi, University of Central Florida Dr. Lisa Massi is the Director of Operations Analysis for Accreditation

Conference Session

Innovative Use of Technology I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katharina Schuster, RWTH Aachen University; Anja Richert, RWTH Aachen University; Sabina Jeschke, RWTH Aachen University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #13135New Perspectives for Engineering Education – About the Potential of MixedReality for Learning and Teaching ProcessesDr. Katharina Schuster, RWTH Aachen University Katharina Schuster has been working as a scientific researcher at IMA/ZLW & IfU (IMA - Institute of Information Management in Mechanical Engineering, ZLW - Center for Learning and Knowledge Management & IfU - Assoc. Institute for Management Cybernetics e.V.) of RWTH Aachen University since 2009. She has completed her Master’s Degree in Communication Sciences, Psychology and Political Sciences at RWTH Aachen University and has spent

Conference Session

Innovative Use of Technology in K-12 Outreach

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugo Gomez, University of Texas - El Paso; Mike Thomas Pitcher, University of Texas - El Paso; Hector Erick Lugo Nevarez, University of Texas - El Paso; Pedro Arturo Espinoza, University of Texas - El Paso; Randy Hazael Anaya, University of Texas - El Paso; Oscar Antonio Perez, University of Texas - El Paso; Herminia Hemmitt, University of Texas - El Paso

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #14727Full STEAM Ahead: Lessons Learned from Tech-E CampMr. Hugo Gomez, University of Texas - El Paso Mr. Hugo Gomez works as an Instructional Technologist at the University of Texas at El Paso, he is focused on expanding the professional and technical skill sets of our students and faculty community to better prepare them for the world of technology today and tomorrow. He works alongside a wide assortment of students, faculty and staff on campus to make sure their technology toolsets are up to date. Furthermore, Hugo provides workshops to over half of the student population at UTEP and as such, has been

Conference Session

DEED Postcard Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Talley P.E., Texas State University; C. Richard Compeau Jr, Texas State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #21756Work in Progress: Senior Design Day – Multi-discipline and Multi-departmentCapstone Presentation Event.Dr. Austin Talley P.E., Texas State University Dr. Austin Talley a Senior Research Fellow with LBJ Institute for STEM Education & Research and Senior Lecturer in the Ingram School of Engineering at Texas State University. Prior to joining the faculty at Texas State University, Dr. Austin Talley worked as a manufacturing quality engineer for a test and measurement company, National Instruments, in Austin, TX. Dr. Austin Talley is a licensed by state of Texas as a Professional Engineer. Both of Dr

Conference Session

New Tools in Teaching and Learning Biomedical Engineering Concepts

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Crockett, California Polytechnic State University; Jon Whited, St. Jude Medical; Daniel Walsh, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

AC 2007-861: MEDITEC: AN INDUSTRY/ACADEMIC PARTNERSHIP TOENABLE MULTIDISCIPLINARY, PROJECT-BASED LEARNING INBIOMEDICAL ENGINEERINGRobert Crockett, California Polytechnic State University Robert Crockett received his Ph.D. from University of Arizona in Materials Science and Engineering. He holds an M.B.A. from Pepperdine University and a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from University of California, Berkeley. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Dr. Crockett is a specialist in technology development and commercialization of advanced materials and manufacturing processes. Prior to joining Cal Poly, he was founder

Conference Session

Anything New in Dynamics?

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Nordenholz, California Maritime Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

LaboratoryAbstractThis paper describes a relatively simple method in which planar rigid body motion can bemeasured and analyzed in the context of an upper division mechanical engineering laboratorycourse. The overall intention of this work is to help facilitate upper division level laboratoryprojects in dynamics. Such projects are intended to provide students with the opportunity to i)apply and reinforce their knowledge of dynamics, ii) learn and practice modern experimentalmethods used to make and assess motion measurements, and iii) if possible, compare theoreticaland measured results.The instrumentation involves the use of two inexpensive sensors – a dual axis accelerometer anda rate gyro – and a data acquisition system (such as LABVIEW). The accelerometer

Conference Session

FPD8 -- Systems, Nanotechnology & Programming

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen Burn, University of Michigan; James Holloway, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

2006-1621: WHY SHOULD I CARE? STUDENT MOTIVATION IN ANINTRODUCTORY PROGRAMMING COURSEHelen Burn, University of Michigan Helen Burn is a doctoral candidate at the Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education at the University of Michigan. She holds a master's degree in mathematics and focuses her work on undergraduate mathematics and science learning and teaching.James Holloway, University of Michigan James Paul Holloway is Professor of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan. His technical research is in the area of computational kinetic theory, especially neutron and gamma ray transport theory in nuclear reactor analysis and in inverse

Conference Session

Developing the Design Skillset

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claes Fredriksson, Granta Design, Cambridge (UK); Mats Eriksson, Univeristy West; Hannah Melia, Granta Design, Ltd.

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #9776Facilitating the Teaching of Product DevelopmentDr. Claes Fredriksson, Granta Design, Cambridge (UK) Currently working as Senior Materials Education Consultant at Granta Design in Cambridge, UK. Until recently Program Director for a Master’s Programme in Manufacturing Engineering at University West in Sweden. Experience in teaching subjects like Materials Science & Technology and Environmental Technology to students of mechanical engineering at the department of Engineering Science since 1999.Mr. Mats Eriksson, Univeristy WestMs. Hannah Melia, Granta Design, Ltd. Hannah Melia is the leader of the Teaching

Conference Session

BME Potpourri

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Charla Triplett; Eugene Eckstein

Alliance for Industrial Internships: Growth and Sustainability C.K. Triplett1 and E.C. Eckstein2 1Biomedical Career Center, Chandler, AZ 85226 2 U. Memphis & U. Tennessee Joint Graduate Program in BME, Memphis, TN 38152-3210 Abstract - The Biomedical Engineering Alliance for Industrial Internships (BMEAII) is a network of member universities throughout the United States that cooperate forthe benefit of biomedical engineering students. Coordinators at the universities work intandem with the National Director and in regional networks to further facilitate placementof individual students, promote awareness of program

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in ET

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Jay Porter

Session 3449 Teaching Applied Electromagnetics to Engineering Technology Students J. R. Porter Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843Abstract In a world where computer bus speeds have increased beyond 1 GHz and wirelesscommunications/connectivity are common place, electronics and telecommunication engineeringtechnology (ET) graduates require an understanding of basic applied electromagnetic concepts.To address this issue, many ET programs now offer

Conference Session

SE Capstone Design Projects, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Corns, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Cihan H. Dagli, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Ivan G. Guardiola, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2011-1211: SE CAPSTONE: INTEGRATING SYSTEMS ENGINEER-ING FUNDAMENTALS TO ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJECTS: EX-PERIENTIAL AND ACTIVESteven Corns, Missouri University of Science and TechnolotyCihan H. Dagli, Missouri University of Science & Technology Cihan Dagli is a Professor of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, and Affiliated Profes- sor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. He received BS and MS degrees in Industrial Engineering from the Middle East Technical University and a Ph.D. in Applied Operations Research in Large Scale Systems Design and Operation from the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, where from 1976 to 1979 he was a British

Conference Session

FPD V: Increasing Engagement and Motivation of First-year Students

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carrie Robinson, Arizona State University; James Collofello, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2012-4109: UTILIZING UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING ASSISTANTSIN ACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTSDr. Carrie Robinson, Arizona State University Carrie Robinson is the Executive Coordinator for Academic Administration in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University. She earned her doctorate of education in May 2012 from Arizona State University and her master’s of education in 2007 from the University of Southern California.Dr. James Collofello, Arizona State University Page 25.1455.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Utilizing Undergraduate

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Wayne Walter; Paul Stiebitz

Session 2255 On Developing Integrated Systems Architecture and Systems Engineering Courses at RIT Wayne W. Walter, Paul H. Stiebitz Rochester Institute of TechnologyIntroductionThe Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, theUniversity of Detroit Mercy and the Naval Post Graduate School have joined with industryleaders to create a two-year product development program at the Master’s Degree level for mid-career technical managers. Using a common curriculum framework, each member of theconsortium, named the Educational

Conference Session

Flanders' Fellowship: Building STEM Community Impact, Hi-Diddly-Ho!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie Anne Aloia, Bayonne High School; Kathryn Hoppe

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

Paper ID #44052Empowering the Future: Integrating Invention and Intellectual Property Educationin P-12 Engineering to Foster InnovationMs. Marie Anne Aloia, Bayonne High School Marie is an alternate route teacher with an educational background in math, physics, chemical engineering and computer science. As the first girl in her family to go to college, and maybe to prove a point, she earned two bachelors degrees, one from Montclair State University and one from New Jersey Institute of Technology. After 26 years in industry an unexpected layoff came at a bad time, she was recently widowed. It was time for something

Collection

2013 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Fred Guzek; Kathy Brockway; Troy Brockway; Sue Guzek

Broadening STEM Students’ Perspectives, and Recruiting with Blended Learning and Study Abroad Fred Guzek, Kathy Brockway, Troy Brockway, Sue Guzek College of Technology and Aviation Kansas State University SalinaAbstract:In order to encourage students to consider STEM careers, and to broaden the perspectives ofstudents in STEM curricula, a multidisciplinary team of four faculty members created a six creditcourse in International Project Management for a class of students with a variety of academicinterests. Graduate students seeking Professional Master of Technology degrees were integratedwith undergraduate students majoring in Aeronautical

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Colleen Duran; John Kaplan; Kathleen Kaplan

buffer overflow error in the finger command of the UNIX-based computer system.By not specifying a maximum buffer length, programmers had allowed this worm to fill the readbuffer and overflow into memory until it had overwritten the return address in the stack buffer.But that was 1988, ancient history in the computer age, surely this could not happen today!Unfortunately, this is not the case. Recently, a buffer overflow was found to be the culprit in theCode Red II Worm; a buffer overflow in the indexing service used by specific Microsoft versionsrunning on particular Windows platforms allowed remote trespassers to execute code oncompromised machines.Buffer overflow can be used by malicious intruders, but it can also cause errors without

Conference Session

Writing and Communication I

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

David Adams; William Manion

When Less is Mor e: Integr ating Technical Wr iting Instr uction in a Lar ge, Fir st-Year Engineer ing Cour se William P. Manion and David Adams Univer sity of Maine Abstr act Providing technical writing instruction within a large, first-year engineering course involves both logistical and imaginative challenges but can also yield substantive results. In the fall of 2003, the University of Maine initiated a new plan, called the Engineering Communication Project (ECP), to integrate technical writing instruction throughout the College of Engineering

Conference Session

Balancing Personal and Professional Life

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Penny Knoll; Lisa Bullard; Ann Saterbak

Session 3475Choosing The Road Less Traveled: Alternatives to the Tenure Track Lisa Bullard, Penny Knoll, Ann Saterbak North Carolina State University / Montana State University / Rice UniversityAbstractTenure has been traditionally held up as the “Holy Grail” for those in academia -- however, somenew faculty make a conscious choice to pursue non-traditional academic roles. In this paper,three new engineering educators relate how their interests, priorities, and family situations ledthem to seek out non-tenure track faculty positions and candidly discuss the benefits as well asthe drawbacks of the paths they have taken

Conference Session

Simulation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seung Youn Chyung, Boise State University; Joe Guarino, Boise State University; Marion Scheepers, Boise State University, Department of Mathematics; Rey DeLeon, Boise State University, Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering Department; Charles Adams, Boise State University; Paul Williams, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2011-707: THE VALUE OF INTERACTIVE SIMULATIONS USED INAN UNDERGRADUATE MATH CLASSSeung Youn Chyung, Boise State University Seung Youn (Yonnie) Chyung is a professor in the Department of Instructional and Performance Tech- nology in the College of Engineering at Boise State University. She teaches graduate-level courses on evaluation methodology and e-learning. Her research interests include the development of self-regulated e-learning strategies for adult learners and the pedagogical use of technology.Joe Guarino, Boise State University Joe Guarino is a Professor of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering at Boise State University. His research interests include educational aspects of cloud computing, vibrations

Conference Session

Assessment of Student Learning 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah Lande, Arizona State University; James Nelson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #6837Using Linguistic Analysis Tools to Characterize Engineering Design ProjectDocumentationDr. Micah Lande, Arizona State University Micah Lande is an assistant professor in the Department of Engineering in the College of Technology and Innovation at Arizona State University. He teaches human-centered design innovation and researches how engineers learn and apply a design process to their workJames Nelson, Arizona State University James Nelson is an undergraduate student in the Department of Engineering in the College of Technology and Innovation at Arizona State University

Conference Session

Track 5: Technical Session 2: Barriers in the Workplace: An Analysis of Engineering Workplace Culture and Climate

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Susan Sajadi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Olivia Ryan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Katherine Drinkwater, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #45259Barriers in the Workplace: An Analysis of Engineering Workplace Cultureand ClimateSusan Sajadi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Susan Sajadi is an assistant professor at Virginia Tech in the department of engineering education. She has a BS and MS in Biomedical Engineering and a Ph.D. in Engineering Education Systems and Design from Arizona State University. Prior, she worked as an engineer in the medical device industry.Olivia Ryan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Olivia Ryan is a Ph.D. student in Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. She holds a B.S. in engineering

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahra Pournorouz, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

.” ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Utilizing Active Learning to Replace Traditional Homework in Undergraduate Engineering MajorsAbstract:The internet and social media are growing significantly at a rapid pace, making it harder forinstructors to provide effective learning and authentic assessment of courses using only thetraditional textbook. The future of undergraduate engineering majors is in danger of extinction asthe creativity of students’ minds and the experience of hands-on projects are fading in theshadow of outdated textbooks and repetitive theoretical assignments. As hands-on laboratoriesimprove academic performance and increase student success, they need to be updated to servetoday’s world

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 10

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Te-shun Chou, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

Paper ID #37352Enhancing Student Learning Using Article Reading AssignmentsTe-shun Chou, East Carolina University Dr. Te-Shun Chou is a Professor in the Department of Technology Systems (TSYS) within College of En- gineering and Technology (CET) at East Carolina University (ECU). He serves as the program coordinator of the Master program in Network Technology for the TSYS and the lead faculty of Digital Communi- cation Systems concentration for the Consortium Universities of the Ph.D. in Technology Management. He is also the point of contact for The Center of Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense (CAE-CD) at ECU. He has

Conference Session

Technical Session 7 - Paper 5: Bridging Internationalization and Equity Initiatives in Engineering Education

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Robert S Emmett, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Kim Lester, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Glenda R. Scales, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Paper ID #35615Bridging Internationalization and Equity Initiatives in EngineeringEducationDr. Robert S Emmett, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Dr. Emmett serves as Assistant Director for Global Engagement in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech and focuses on intercultural skills, connecting classroom learning with sustainable community de- velopment, and online engineering education. He is the author of Cultivating Environmental Justice: A Literary History of US Garden Writing (University of Massachusetts Press, 2016) and with David E. Nye, Environmental Humanities: A Critical Introduction

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debapratim Ghosh, University of Illinois, Urbana - Champaign; Samuel Harford; Houshang Darabi, The University of Illinois, Chicago; Jennifer R. Amos, University of Illinois, Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #37378Board 315: Improving Students’ Decision-Making Behavior in Choosing anEngineering PathwayMr. Debapratim Ghosh, University of Illinois, Urbana - Champaign Graduate Student in StatisticsSamuel HarfordProf. Houshang Darabi, The University of Illinois, Chicago Dr. Houshang Darabi is a Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering in the Department of Mechan- ical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Illinois Chicago. Dr. Darabi’s research focuses on the use of Big Data, process mining, data mining, Operations Research, high performance computing, and visualization in improving educational systems

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Ahmed Musa; Virgilio Gonzalez

implementation of a new course in communications through thecreation of a computer-based laboratory for modeling and simulating communicationsystems. The lecture course in a typical Electrical Engineering (EE) curriculum, alongwith this laboratory, provide a totally integrated delivery system for teaching a widespectrum of topics ranging from transmission/reception concepts and applications toperformance analysis of fiber optic networks. The laboratory is easily implemented byconstructing a PC-based computer network supporting several simulation tools. Studentsare able to access a variety of software packages for analysis of different communicationsystems. The topics covered in the laboratory can be divided into three categories:communication signals

Collection

2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Andrea Turcatti; Terrell Bennett

, and environmental needs with technology-based solutions. Based on a successfulmodel first implemented at Purdue University in 1995, the Erik Jonsson School of Engineeringand Computer Science (the Jonsson School) at The University of Texas at Dallas implementedEPICS starting in Spring 2016 with the objective of meeting a critical educational need inengineering and computer science curriculum: develop the design and professional skills of thestudents to effectively solve problems.Through surveys, UTDesign EPICS students were asked at the beginning and end of the semesterto assess their capabilities in working on real-world problems and their understanding of the designprocess. We will discuss how the UTDesign EPICS class has helped students

Conference Session

WIP: Engineering Education Research - Focus on Engagement

Collection

2017 FYEE Conference

Authors

Robert Gettens, Western New England University; Harlan E Spotts Jr., Western New England University; Jingru Zhang, Western New England University; Chang Hoon Lee, Western New England University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Works in Progress Submission

Session XXX Work in Progress: An Organized Team SelfSelection Process for First Year Engineering Design Projects Robert Gettens, Harlan Spotts, Jingru Zhang and Changhoon Lee Western New England University, robert.gettens@wne.edu, harlan.spotts@wne.edu, jingru.zhang@wne.edu, chanhoon.lee@wne.eduAbstract – The purpose of this work in progress is to of their own efforts. The thought of having their ownpresent a method of project development and team success be dependent on the efforts of someone else cancreation that is student driven. There are a variety of provoke anxiety. Often times these students