Conference Session

Technical Session 11 - Paper 2: Completing the engineering and computer science transfer pathway: Transfer students’ post-matriculation experiences through a four-year institution

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

David B Knight, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Amy Richardson P.E., Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Dustin Michael Grote, Virginia Tech; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Bevlee A. Watford, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Janice Leshay Hall, Florida International University ; Hannah Glisson

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Paper ID #35598Completing the engineering and computer science transfer pathway:Transfer students’ post-matriculation experiences through a four-yearinstitutionDr. David B Knight, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University David B. Knight is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Education and Special As- sistant to the Dean for Strategic Plan Implementation at Virginia Tech. He is also Director of Research of the Academy for Global Engineering at Virginia Tech and is affiliate faculty with the Higher Education Program. His research tends to be at the macro-scale, focused on a systems-level

Conference Session

Materials Division (MATS) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anuja Kamat, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Materials Division (MATS)

projectwas something new and different. I learned a lot from researching more into origami and howEngineers are planning on using the concept. China had created the paper, Japan started theorigami and todays Engineers are origami to be able to produce a light weight, fast assemblingstructures. The technology improves by the day and in the future origami designs will be morecommon.”“The attempt took me about two tries as I am not very arts and crafty with paper especially. Theproject was overall satisfying, setting out to do something I am not good at and seeing theprocess as I made the object come into fruition with its result. I can see why engineers use thismethod to hand create their project to have a visual of what the result might be and go

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 11

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qudsia Tahmina, The Ohio State University at Marion; Kathryn Kelley, The Ohio State University; Sandra L. Furterer, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

management, operation of automated systems,machining, and electro-mechanical maintenance skills, managing cyber-physical systems, andsystem-wide implementation and improvement of technological processes for manufacturingfirms.A curriculum development and assessment committee was formed in the Autumn of 2020 to devisea plan for measuring student learning outcomes based on the Engineering TechnologyAccreditation Commission (ETAC) of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology,Inc [1]. During 2020-2021, the faculty team was charged with the implementation of a robustframework for the assessment of student learning outcomes using Canvas; the university’s learningmanagement system (LMS) which can be used as a tool to help in decision-making

Conference Session

Session 9 - Track 1: Weaving Students into Engineering, not Weeding Them Out

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jenna P. Carpenter, Campbell University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

improvement in the number &Not Weeding diversity of engineering graduates in thethem Out of US through use of recruiting, admissions, retention best practices.Engineering • Synthesize research & best practices to identify core initiatives that supportInitiative success • Identify programs that work for specific student audiences • Communicate evidence-based practices and partner with institutions to implement these. Action Plan• Four brainstorming sessions with national experts in Spring 2022 to identify successful programs and initiatives, as well as areas for improvement• Conversations with the

Conference Session

K-12 and Outreach

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Suren Jayasuriya, Arizona State University; Ramana Pidaparti, University of Georgia; John M Mativo, University of Georgia; Kimberlee Ann Swisher, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

, translucent and opaque; universal systems model;Spanish art; and geometry and CAD models. These lessons were organized with the followingpedagogical materials: Lesson outline including objectives, standards alignment, and shortoverview of the lesson; video lectures and resources to be displayed in the classroom; lectureslides for teachers; teacher guide consisting of detailed lesson plan, scripts, and other helpfulresources to teach the lesson. The lesson modules address the need for student training in AItechnologies to be aware and be prepared for the disruptive applications to meet the complexchallenges in future.Teachers presented the lesson to students to get experience as well as feedback to further improvethe lesson plan and implementation. To

Conference Session

Curriculum Development 2

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Basel Alsayyed, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

wedo or need to do much less. That creates a generation that will depend on help for scientific andengineering problems on the internet. One of the biggest concerns for the author, is theauthenticity of the info on the internet. And another big concern is the ability of our futuregeneration to distinguish and sort out the authentic from the non-authentic info. It is a challengefor the new generation, however, it is also our challenge to proactively embrace the technologyand integrate it in our plans for preparing our future engineers. As students get intocollege/university and go through the traditional curriculum and experience for engineering, theywill graduate with the tools of today’s engineers. As such, the author believes that there

Conference Session

Capstones and Economics

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Felix Ewere, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

not technical or hands-on basedactivities, they would not influence students to make a technical decision like choosing acapstone design project. However, critical skills like leadership, planning and organization canbe acquired from participation in these activities. A greater percentage of students thatparticipated in college club activities chose the Space section. This could mean that there aremore Space related college club in the College of Engineering. Currently, at North Carolina StateUniversity there are three high functioning Space related college clubs in the College ofEngineering which include, Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS),High-Powered Rocketry Club (HPRC), and Liquid Rocketry Lab (LRL), while the

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 1: Innovative Approaches to Teaching Energy-Related Concepts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Mativo, University of Georgia; Jacob Lancaster, University of Georgia

isrequired for that particular system and develop a plan for creating the system through design.The design must meet the specifications of the SAE Rules. Several approval stages andmechanisms are put in place to ensure design robustness and safety. The Spring semester istypically used for procurement of fabricating materials and purchase of off the shelf parts. Thefabrication ensues and system assemblies are made. The goal is to have the systems seamlesslyintegrate to create the race car. Therefore, not only are technical skills required, but interpersonalskills and teamwork aspects are promoted for successful results. This paper presents lessonslearned in the determination and creation of an optimal cooling system for the race car engine

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 9 - Design Across the Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Schulte Grahame, Northeastern University; Courtney Pfluger, Northeastern University

, safety, and welfare, as well as global,cultural, social, environmental, and economic factors. The Capstone groups are required to: 1. Develop a business plan to define novelty, scope, and product needs 2. Design a detailed chemical process with process flow diagrams and piping and instrumentation diagrams 3. Collect data through proof-of-concept experiments, simulations, or a prototype to perform data analysis which informs their designs for optimization 4. Ensure their designs meet safety and health requirements 5. Perform economic evaluations of their design production 6. Perform multiple project milestones as a team that includes multiple forms of communication, such as oral, written, and visual, on design

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Rahman, Wichita State University

. INTRODUCTIONProject management is the use of specific knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to deliversomething of value to people. Examples of projects are the development of software for animproved business process, the construction of a building, the relief effort after a natural disaster,the expansion of sales into a new geographic market, etc. [1]. Projects are temporary efforts tocreate a value based unique product. Every project has a start and an end. A project has a team, aset budget, a timeline, and certain goals that the team needs to meet. The focus of projectmanagement is to effectively plan and organize a project and available resources. Projectmanagement also includes building a project team and effectively guiding it through all the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Maher, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Darran Cairns, West Virginia University; John Kevern, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Jacob Marszalek, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Kathleen O'Shea

have shown during the pandemic and publicize it to both Fellows and their on- and off-campus community stakeholders; plans are underway to expand the project website (https://sites.google.com/view/kcure/home) to include this material.Additionally, both interview results and KCURE team members’ experiences have emphasizedthese realities: (3) KCURE Fellows have needed and continue to need much more ‘hands on’ mentoring from team personnel than previously anticipated. Our data analyses revealed that the dominant strategy KCURE Fellows used to cope with the unanticipated transition was to seek or create support systems. To do this, they turned primarily to their peers and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tobin Walton, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (CoE); Stephen Knisley, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Jared Webb, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (CoE); Arvind Chandrasekaran, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

see a notable meanchange of 1.82 on a 42 point scale. This may reflect a statistically significant change and weplan to investigate this further in future analyses. In an interesting contrast, we see a notablemean change of -1.73 in Male students’ reported self-efficacy. Again, this may reflect astatistically significant change (in the opposite direction and we plan to investigate this further infuture analyses. Lastly, change in Female students’ Engineering Identity was minimal, anaverage of .563 on a 45 point scale, while change in Male students’ Engineering identity waseven smaller, an average of .125 on a 45 point scale.Table 3 Mean Change in Engineering Values, Self-Efficacy, and Identity: Females

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Thompson, Baylor University; Anne Spence, Baylor University; Carolyn Skurla, Baylor University; Emily Sandvall, Baylor University; Andrea Pouso Morales, Baylor University

summarized in the table below.One challenge was the difficulty students faced because of COVID related issues. For example,face-to-face tutoring at the ECS Learning Resource Center was not possible to COVIDprotocols. Tutoring was offered virtually, but student participation was much lower than normaland our plans for "real-time" tracking student tutoring were impacted.In the original cohort, 9 of the 11 students made good academic progress. Two students werebelow the target gpa performance levels, but continue in the program. The original threshold gpafor scholars to stay in the program was not enforced for the first semester because of theextraordinary challenges these students faced. We interviewed these two students and made thejudgment that they

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jarvie-Eggart, Michigan Technological University; Alfred Owusu-Ansah, Michigan Technological University; Shari Stockero

, defined as the“degree to which using a particular system would be free of effort” [1] (p.320). The TAM’srevision, the TAM2, added seven additional constructs that affect Perceived Usefulness [2]. TheTAM is well-known for its ease of application and is thus the model most frequently used instudies to predict teachers’ use of instructional technologies [6], despite the fact that it does notaccount for all variability within intention to use [7-11].In 2000, constructs from the TAM2 were combined with constructs from the Theory of ReasonedAction [12] and the Theory of Planned Behavior [13] to create the Unified Theory of Acceptanceand Use of Technology (UTAUT) [14], which was later revised to the UTAUT2 [15]. Among theadditional constructs included

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Langhoff, Skyline College; Jenny Le, Skyline College; Julie Shattuck

surface-mount technology. Soldering aligns to IPC J-STD-001.Table 1 shows the program courses taken within the first year. These five courses all culminatewith a certificate of specialization “Electronics Assembly and Fabrication”. The team plans toimplement later courses including, PCB Rework and Repair, Advanced Electronics DiagnosticTesting, and Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). These courses, along withexisting courses in the Engineering program, will be packaged into other local certificates thateach stack upon the first level certificate. Figure 2 below shows the first level, and later proposedcertificates. Technician Level 1 Technician Level 2 Embedded Systems &

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, York College of Pennsylvania; Kelly Arcieri, York College of Pennsylvania

use of student employers and supervisors as partof an engineering program’s assessment plan. In 2016, our institution, York College ofPennsylvania, started a new civil engineering program, with the goal of becoming ABET-accredited. This new program joined three other engineering programs already established at theschool. As part of the program design, students were required to complete three mandatory full-time co-op experiences, each lasting 12-15 weeks, interspersed with the traditional eightsemesters of classroom and lab instruction. In developing this program the authors wanted toinclude a standardized evaluation tool for the co-op students’ performance that was easy foremployers to use and was focused on developing the student by an

Conference Session

Civil, Electrical, and Eng Tech

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Eve Klopf, High Point University; Hilda Goins, High Point University, Webb School of Engineering; Matthew Featherston Eaton, High Point University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

© American Society for Engineering Education, 2023Raspberry Pi 4 B’s on some university networks.During the current academic semester, we will progress with evaluating these systems within anundergraduate class in engineering electromagnetics. As a part of this class, students will design,construct and test simple antennas. One step of the antenna testing process will be to connect thestudent-constructed antennas to an SDR using a balun and then verify that the antenna is workingby using the SDR to receive a live signal. This year, students will have the option to selectbetween the two options discussed within this paper as a part of this lab activity.Additional future work planned for this project includes evaluating the use of other

Conference Session

S6A: Full Papers - Out with the Old, In with the New

Collection

14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference

Authors

Derin Ural, University of Miami

Tagged Topics

Full Papers

redesigned spaces encourage students toengage in hands-on projects and experiential learning. These transformed learning environmentsaim to cultivate a sense of belonging, creativity, and innovation among students, promoting theiroverall engagement and success [1], [2], [4], [5], [13].To ensure the effectiveness of these new initiatives, the College has implemented acomprehensive assessment plan. The National Survey for Student Engagement (NSSE) [9]isadministered each year for engineering students following the launch of the new programs. Thisassessment provides valuable insights into student experiences, perceptions, and outcomes,allowing the College to make data-informed decisions and continuously improve the support andlearning environment

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 5: Design and Robotics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akbar Eslami, Elizabeth City State University; Chandra Asthana, Elizabeth City State University; Kuldeep Rawat, Elizabeth City State University; Paul Gordy, Tidewater Community College, Virginia Beach

problems andhands-on lab activities illustrate new approaches to introduce students to graphical techniquesand robotics through excel software and scope of laboratory experiences, respectively. Thecourse trains students how to use excel tool to graph and interpret the data through visualizationand introduce them to simple computer programming for path planning and navigation of robots.The initial observations and results are in favor of promoting visualizations and concepts ofrobotics.IntroductionVisualization and robotics are rapidly developing disciplines in engineering and science. The useof visual aids in learning process has been recognized by many educators and researchers [1-3].Various studies report that 75 percent of all information

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Adjusting Course Content

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Mirth, St. Cloud State University

courseprovides the kinematic geometry of common industrial machines, while the electronics provide ameans to automate (power, measure, and control) the machines.The Mechanisms and Robotics course introduces automation through a sequence of five courseprojects. The projects begin with the design and construction of a manually operated offsetslider-crank mechanism. The second through fourth projects build on this design by adding anArduino interface, motor, on/off control, and measurement systems to the design.The fifth project introduces path-planning concepts by using the Arduino to control a planarmanipulator. Students build a planar five-bar linkage that uses an Arduino to control two steppermotors to draw a prescribed path. This introduces students

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Technical Session 6: Diversity

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Napp, The University of Toledo; Jennifer Obertacz, The University of Toledo

spectrum can benefit from an environment wherestimulation is reduced. The author’s institution had recently designated specialized rooms fornursing mothers, parents with small children, and veterans. During Fall Semester 2019 theauthors applied for grant funding to renovate a small, unused room on the second floor ofCarlson Library on the Main Campus of The University of Toledo. Following recommendationsin the literature and advice from the campus Student Disability Services Office, the authorsselected lighting, soundproofing, furniture, and paint for the room renovations. They alsoobtained support from the Dean of University Libraries for the project. However, plans changedwhen the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the United States in early 2020. The

Conference Session

ERM: Lessons Learned from COVID (COVID Part 2)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Rajkumari Jayasekaran, University of Florida; Saira Anwar, Texas A&M University

ofinstructional delivery to alternative delivery modalities due to crisis situations [14]. Thecritical caveat to ERI is rooted in two factors: 1) the mode will use a completely remoteteaching structure, and 2) it will return to the earlier format once the crisis or emergency isover [14]. Although institutes may have the capacity and tools to shift to remote instruction,the ERI was unplanned and happened at an unprecedented and staggering speed at the onsetof Covid-19 [14].In contrast to ERI, the online instruction mode is a planned shift to teaching strategies wherethe course is delivered using educational technology tools. Before the pandemic, onlineinstruction was one of the modalities for distance learning and education [15]. However,several studies

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liang Wang; Wei Zhang, Zhejiang University; binbin shao, Zhejiang University

very important formeeting the needs of skilled engineering talents, but there is still a lack of a suitable theoreticalframework to examine and explain such new engineering learning phenomena properly. Policymakers andengineering education managers would like to extend these new types of engineering learning but withoutenough empirical evidence to prove their advantages over conventional engineering learning inclassrooms. For this question, we designed and implemented a comprehensive research plan to enhanceour understanding of the relationships as well as identified the mechanisms between these new forms ofengineering learning in communities of practice and the engineering student’s competence development,and also to develop a theory that

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiffani Williams, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Yael Gertner, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Nancy Amato, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Adrienne Gulley, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Jancie Harris, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Mahesh Viswanathan, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

, algorithms, and data structures) to post-baccalaureate students without acomputing background so that they can enter the computing field. The iCAN program builds onstudents’ broad set of transferable skills (e.g., problem-solving, creativity, dealing withcomplexity, focus), the knowledge such individuals bring from their respective fields, and fostersa sense of belonging in the computing field [5].An Innovative CurriculumInitially, the iCAN program was designed to start as an on-campus program in Fall 2020.However, the COVID-19 pandemic required us to change our plans to offer an online graduatecomputing fundamentals certificate for non-computing college graduates. Our courses are taughtsynchronously online through Zoom, and students are expected to

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yilmaz Hatipkarasulu, The University of Texas at San Antonio

injuries with a 13.5 per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers rate [1]. Safety is recognized as an essential part of professionalpractice, and construction education programs take this into account by requiring occupationalsafety classes in their curriculum.Professional accreditation standards include safety as a mandatory part of their student learningoutcomes. For example, the American Council for Construction Education (ACCE) lists “createa construction project safety plan” as one of the higher-level student learning outcomes [2]. Mostconstruction programs address these requirements by creating stand-alone and dedicated coursesaligned with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)’s outreach trainingcontent. Initiated in 1971

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kitana Kaiphanliam, Washington State University; Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University

, motivational surveys will be used to gauge levels of interactivity between the twogroups, relating to the ICAP hypothesis. We plan to conclude the paper submission andpresentation with theoretical and practical implications of our findings from Spring 2022implementations.*Title and abstract modified due to implementation in different courses than originally outlined insubmission1.0 IntroductionFrom drug delivery to tissue engineering, an incredible number of medical applications andprocesses require a chemical engineer’s expertise. These applications, however, exist beyond thescope of topics traditionally emphasized in core chemical engineering courses. Having recentlylived through COVID-19, it is critical now more than ever for chemical

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Morin, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Richard Goldberg, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

3.6 activities increased significantly.Faculty reported that they selected these activities based on ease of implementation (n=10),appropriateness for the subject matter (n=9), and amount of class time (n=7). The activitychallenges listed in the post-survey were the time limitations, the need for more examples, timeto plan, and assessment. Time limitation is the most significant challenge (n=3) mentioned, asfaculty felt that the suggested time length for each activity was not long enough. For theactivities selected, the average suggested time was 7.9 minutes.Discussion and future workWe plan to continue to develop the EML micromoment activities, make additions, and seekfeedback and ideas from the engineering education community. The

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lea K. Marlor, University of Michigan; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Jenefer Husman, University of Oregon; Matthew Charles Graham; Ariel Chasen, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Sig. Partial Eta SquaredIntervention 0.066 1 0.066 0.116 0.733 0.001Control 0.001 1 0.001 0.002 0.968 0.000Error(ARV) 76.253 135 0.565 Table 3: Student Behavioral Response- Evaluation of the course.Next Steps While our preliminary results have not shown differences between our control andintervention groups, we plan to dig further into our data and do more complex analyses to findpotential differences that cannot be shown using ANOVA. Additionally, we will look atdifferent types of active learning (interactive

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen Zhang, Boston College; Irene A. Lee, MIT STEP Lab; Katherine Strong Moore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Sheikh Ahmad Shah, Boston College

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

these lessons, students critique the technology, identify its sources of bias (e.g., selective stakeholders in the design, datasets), and create a plan outlining how to improve the system. Further, each ethics activity was designed following the lessons that teach relatedtechnical concepts to ensure that students possess adequate background technical knowledge inorder to understand the ethics issues. For instance, Ethics lesson #3 was taught immediately afterstudents learn the processes of supervised learning and experiment using Google’s TeachableMachine to train AI models to detect faces. These ethics activities engaged students in reflectingon their personal and societal impact and brainstorming solutions to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prateek Shekhar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Pramod Abichandani, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Heydi L. Dominguez, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Craig Iaboni; Kevin Alexander Nino

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

. 10, no. 3, pp. 2–10, 1987.[5] J. M. Keller, “How to integrate learner motivation planning into lesson planning: The ARCS model approach,” VII Semanario, Santiago, Cuba, vol. 1, p. 13, 2000.[6] K. Li and J. M. Keller, “Use of the ARCS model in education: A literature review,” Comput Educ, vol. 122, pp. 54–62, 2018.[7] M. J. Borrego, M. J. Prince, C. E. Nellis, P. Shekhar, C. Waters, and C. J. Finelli, “Student perceptions of instructional change in engineering courses: A pilot study,” in 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2014, pp. 24–1120.[8] D. C. Owens, T. D. Sadler, A. T. Barlow, and C. Smith-Walters, “Student motivation from and resistance to active learning rooted in essential science