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Displaying results 181 - 210 of 23496 in total
Conference Session
Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Catherine Marie Hamel, University of Maryland; W. Ethan Eagle, University of Maryland
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Conference Session
Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jes Barron, U.S. Military Academy; Brad C. McCoy, U.S. Military Academy; Jakob C. Bruhl, U.S. Military Academy; John J. Case, U.S. Military Academy; John Andrew Kearby, U.S. Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Paper ID #29422The Napkin Sketch Pilot Study: A minute-paper reflection in pictorial formCapt. Jes Barron, U.S. Military Academy Jes Barron is an Instructor in the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from West Point (2009), a Master of Business Administration from Oklahoma State University (2015), and a Master of Science degree in Underground Construction and Tunnel Engineering from Colorado School of Mines (2018). He is a licensed professional engineer in the state of Texas. His research
Conference Session
Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Susan Bobbitt Nolen, University of Washington; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods, Ocean and Marine
students 71.4% 50.8% NA 46.5% 57.0%Classes with 50 or more students 12.5% 20.1% NA 1.5% 0.0%4-year graduation rate 40% 32% 3% 85% n/a6-year graduation rate 76% 64% 37% 90% n/aAcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the support provided by the National Science Foundation throughgrant NSF 1820888 and 1821439. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Science Foundation.ReferencesCheville, RA., 2019, “Pipeline
Conference Session
Undergraduate Students' Professional Skills and Reflection
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Abolfazl Amin, Utah Valley University; Abdennour C. Seibi, Utah Valley University; Israd Hakim Jaafar, Utah Valley University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
however, WEdoes not imply “writing intensive.” Certified WE courses are not meant to be “writing classes;”instead, writing should be one of several instructional focuses, as required by the new WEinitiative.Since this new initiative is taking effect in Fall 2021, the WE Committee has not established thefinal assessment criteria. The plan is to have each program submit an assessment processregarding the WE related learning outcomes.Literature Review:Writing is an important skill that all engineers should have. Its importance is reflected in ABETaccreditation criterion 3 for student outcomes, “an ability to communicate effectively with arange of audiences.”Wheeler and McDonald [1] stated that writing is a useful tool in engineering if developed
Conference Session
Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Sabrine Griffith, Harvey Mudd College; Spencer Rosen, Harvey Mudd College; Eleanor Byrnes, Harvey Mudd College; Laura Palucki Blake, Harvey Mudd College; Matthew Spencer, Harvey Mudd College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
into circuits and communication links. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Measurement of the Effect of Interactive Questions in Lab Manuals on LearningAbstract​ -- This research paper will describe the results of an experiment in which two groups ofstudents in a laboratory class received different web-based lab manuals featuring interactivequestions, the treatment with many more interactive questions than the control. The hypothesiswas that asking students more questions would cause the students to reflect on the task at hand,which would in turn increase learning. This study was motivated by work on experientiallearning, particularly Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle, which suggests that
Conference Session
Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Kenya Mejia, University of Washington; Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington; Wendy Roldan, University of Washington
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Paper ID #30869Four Complications in Designing a Validated Survey to Gather Informationon Student Reactions to Reflection ActivitiesKenya Mejia, University of Washington Kenya Z. Mejia is a second year PhD student at the University of Washington in the Human Centered Design and Engineering program. Her work focuses on diversity and inclusion in engineering education focusing on engineering design education.Dr. Jennifer A Turns, University of Washington Jennifer Turns is a Professor in the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering at the Univer- sity of Washington. She is interested in all aspects of engineering
Conference Session
Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Ephraim Zegeye, Liberty University; Tom Eldredge, Liberty University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
. The typical number of problems the students wereasked to solve in both the mid and final exams were either three or four. Each of these problemshave a similar guide. Prior to the exams or during the exams, students were not instructed to gothrough the guides. During the final exam, students were asked to respond to the following twoopen-ended questions, and their reflection on the questions were assessed. 1. Do you normally go through the guide and the grading criteria included next to each problem before attempting the problem? 2. Write the advantages and disadvantages of including such a guide and grading criteria for each problem. The figure shows an aluminum and a steel rod that are fixed at the base and support a
Conference Session
Teaching Tools: Student Experience and Reflection (NEE)
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Taru Malhotra, University of Waterloo; Carolyn G. MacGregor, University of Waterloo; Richard Li, University of Toronto, Canada; Alexander Edwin Kay Glover
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)
(intervention group allowing students to choose from the instructor-led activities),RQ2: What themes emerge when instructors and students are asked to reflect on the pros andcons of offering student choices in selecting course activities?The results of this study will help better TA training and help create a teaching developmentworkshop for the STEM instructors interested in adopting a student involvement strategy byoffering students choices.MethodThis mixed-method study is spread over two terms (Fall 2022 and Winter 2023).Context: To study the effects of student involvement in the choice of course activities on studentexperience, the instructors of ExpecTAtions, also the collaborators, permitted redesigning theircontent and intervention within their
Conference Session
Research Methodologies – Session 1
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amy L. Brooks, Oregon State University; James L. Huff, Harding University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
Paper ID #39066Evaluating the quality of interviews with a process-based,self-reflective toolDr. Amy L. Brooks, Oregon State University Dr. Amy Brooks is a Postdoctoral Scholar at the Oregon State University School of Civil and Construction Engineering and member of the Beyond Professional Identity lab at Harding University. Her current research is using interpretative phenomenological analysis to understand well-being and experiences with professional shame among engineering faculty. She is also part of a research team investigating context- specific affordances and barriers faculty face when adopting evidence-based
Conference Session
Faculty Development and Research Programs (NEE)
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James W. Giancaspro, University of Miami; Diana Arboleda, University of Miami; Aaron Heller, University of Miami; Ali Ghahremaninezhad, University of Miami
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)
Reflection on Faculty DevelopmentAbstractMany engineering faculty have been involved in some form of engineering education research(EER) during their professional career. This may range from a relatively superficial participationas a collaborator on a small departmental education initiative to a larger role in a leadershipposition as a principal investigator on a multi-institutional research grant. Regardless of the levelof involvement, each engineering educator must evolve and invest substantial time to acquire alevel of EER knowledge that is commensurate with their desired degree of participation. Forthose educators who are motivated to fully immerse themselves into a potentially rewarding EERprogram with the expectation of perpetuity, their
Conference Session
Digital Circuits, Architecture, Embedded Systems
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ben Arie Tanay, Purdue Engineering Education; Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Gaoxiang Zhou; Samuel J. Dickerson, University of Pittsburgh
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)
Paper ID #37212Integration of VHDL Simulations and Written Reflections to ImproveStudent Understanding of Sequential Logic CircuitsBen Arie Tanay, Purdue Engineering EducationDr. Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh Renee Clark serves as the Director of Assessment for the Swanson School of Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. She received her PhD from the Department of Industrial Engineering, where she also completed her post-doctoral studies. Her research has primarily focused on the application of data analysis techniques to engineering education research studies as well as industrial accidents. She has over 20
Conference Session
Student Experiences and Development – Session 1
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Zhiyi Liu, University at Buffalo; Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
Paper ID #36856From Engineering Students to Student Engineers: Reflections, Identity,and Positioning in Co-curricular ActivitiesDr. Zhiyi Liu, University at Buffalo Zhiyi Liu is a researcher and educator with research interests in learning and instruction. Dr. Liu was a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Engineering Education at the State University of New York at Buffalo.Dr. Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Andrew Olewnik is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at the Univer- sity at Buffalo. His research includes undergraduate engineering
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division (COED) Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmed Ashraf Butt, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Saira Anwar, Texas A&M University; Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education Division (COED)
Paper ID #38248Board 63: Work in progress: Uncovering engineering students’ sentimentsfrom weekly reflections using natural language processingMr. Ahmed Ashraf Butt, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)Dr. Saira Anwar, Texas A&M University Saira Anwar is an Assistant Professor at Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A &M Uni- versity. Dr. Anwar has over 13 years of teaching experience, primarily in the disciplines of engineering education, computer science and software engineering. Her research focuses on studying the unique con- tribution of different instructional strategies on students
Collection
ASEE-NE 2022
Authors
Joshua Luckens, Wentworth; Afsaneh Ghanavati, Wentworth Institute of Technology
Paper ID #36146Promoting Professional Identity Formation in the First-year EngineeringClassroom Using Metacognitive and Reflective Pedagogical PracticesJoshua Luckens, Wentworth Joshua Luckens is an instructional designer with the Teaching & Learning Collaborative at the Wentworth Institute of Technology.Dr. Afsaneh Ghanavati American c Society for Engineering Education, 2022Promoting Professional Identity Formation in the First-year Engineering Classroom Using Metacognitive and Reflective Pedagogical Practices Joshua
Conference Session
Technical Session T1B
Collection
2022 First-Year Engineering Experience
Authors
Jenahvive K. Morgan, Michigan State University
Tagged Topics
Full Papers
Paper ID #36343Full Paper: Student Reflections on Team Experiences in a First-YearEngineering CourseDr. Jenahvive K. Morgan, Michigan State University Dr. Jenahvive Morgan is the instructor for EGR 100 - Introduction to Engineering Design and Aca- demic Director of the First-Year Engineering CoRe Experience at Michigan State University. She is also currently the Director of Positions for the ASEE Women in Engineering Division, as well as an ASCE ExCEED Fellow. Dr. Morgan has a PhD and MS in Environmental Engineering from the University of Michigan, and a BS in Chemical Engineering from Michigan State University. Her
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Machine Learning, IoT, Writing Center Peer Tutors, Conceptual Modeling
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Pluskwik, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Yuezhou Wang, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Lauren Singelmann, North Dakota State University
Paper ID #36551Work-in-Progress: Understanding learners' motivationthrough machine learning analysis on reflection writingElizabeth Pluskwik Elizabeth facilitates project-based and co-op based engineering education in the Iron Range Engineering program, Minnesota State University, Mankato. Her specialties leading entrepreneurial mindset in engineering, engineering management, accounting, product-costing, and lean six sigma. Her research interests include motivation to persist in engineering, emotional intelligence, and industry 4.0.Yuezhou Wang Dr. Yuezhou Wang is an associate professor at Minnesota State
Conference Session
WIED: Analysis, Challenges, Success, and Impacts
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rob Sleezer, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Nicolle Revello; Morgan Round; Kristen O'Connell; Benjamin Orlin; Andrew Roberts, Minnesota State University, Mankato
OrlinAndrew David Roberts (Professor) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Reflections on an Introduction to Project Based Engineering in an Incarcerated SettingAbstractEducation programs in incarcerated settings have a goal of improving the current and future livesof the currently incarcerated individuals. Many programs support earning a GED, associatedegree, or baccalaureate degree when incarcerated. The benefits of these programs includeimproved behavior while incarcerated, reduced recidivism, and broadening the workforce.Generally, the courses offered as a part of these programs are general
Conference Session
LEES 1: Critical Humanities and Serious Play
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sreyoshi Bhaduri, Amazon; Krishna Pakala, Boise State University; Addison Totman, Boise State University; Cherie Edwards, Virginia Commonwealth University; Michelle Soledad, Minnesota State University, Mankato
and learning strategies, use of emerging technologies, and mobile teaching and learning strategies.Cherie D. Edwards (Dr. )Michelle Soledad (Assistant Professor) Michelle Soledad is an Assistant Professor in the Iron Range Engineering - Bell Program at Minnesota State University, Mankato. She holds degrees in Electrical Engineering (BS, MEngg) from the Ateneo de Davao University in Davao City, Philippines, and in Engineering Education (Ph.D.) from Virginia Tech. Her research interests include teaching and learning experiences in fundamental engineering courses, and data-informed reflective practice. Michelle's professional experience includes roles in industry and academia, having worked as a software engineer, project
Conference Session
Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lulu Sun, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Chad Rohrbacher, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach
Paper ID #37833Student Reflections Encourage Self-Regulated Learning andFaculty Just-In-Time TeachingLulu Sun Dr. Lulu Sun is a Professor of the Engineering Fundamentals Department at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) in Daytona Beach, Florida. She received her Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of California, Riverside in 2006. Before joining ERAU in 2006, she worked for Arup, a multinational professional services firm at Los Angeles office as a fire engineer. She has published over 50 peer reviewed journal and conference articles nationally and internationally. Her current
Conference Session
Aerospace Division Technical Session: Pedogogy and Training
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Scott Ferguson, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Nadeem Sheikh, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Amrith Mariappan, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Laine Schrewe, The State University of New York, College at Buffalo
Paper ID #38086An Exploration of Concept Mapping as a ReflectiveApproach for Instructors When Evaluating Problem DesignIntentAndrew Olewnik (Assistant Professor) Assistant Professor | Engineering Education | University at BuffaloScott M FergusonNadeem SheikhAmrith MariappanLaine Schrewe © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com An Exploration of Concept Mapping as a Reflective Approach for Instructors When Evaluating Problem Design IntentAbstractIntroduction: The work reported here subscribes to the idea that the best way to
Conference Session
Biomedical Engineering Division: Developing Lab and Research Skills for BioE/BME Students
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Casey Ankeny, Northwestern University; Amy Adkins, Northwestern University; David O'Neill, Northwestern University
Paper ID #36819Impact of Two Reflective Practices in an EngineeringLaboratory Course using Standards-based GradingCasey Jane Ankeny (Associate Professor of Instruction) Casey J. Ankeny, PhD is an Associate Professor of Instruction at Northwestern University. Casey received her bachelor’s degree in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Virginia and her doctorate degree in Biomedical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University where she studied the role of shear stress in aortic valve disease. Currently, she is investigating cyber-based student engagement strategies in flipped and
Conference Session
Mechanical Engineering: Online Education
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrea Gregg, Pennsylvania State University; Jacqueline O'Connor, Pennsylvania State University
Paper ID #37110Reflecting while doing: Integrating active learning andmetacognitive activities in a fully online thermodynamicscourseAndrea Gregg (Director of Online Pedagogy) Director of Online Pedagogy and Assistant Teaching ProfessorJacqueline O'connor © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Reflecting while doing: Integrating active learning and metacognitive activities in a fully online thermodynamics course IntroductionIn this paper we
Conference Session
ERM: Design!
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steven Santana, Harvey Mudd College; Andres Sanchez, Harvey Mudd College; Laura Palucki Blake; Leah Mendelson, Harvey Mudd College; Serena Mao, Harvey Mudd College; Magdalena Jones, Harvey Mudd College; David Chen, Harvey Mudd College
Paper ID #37129Building Better Engineers: Critical Reflection as a HighImpact Practice in Design LearningAndres SanchezLaura Palucki Blake Laura Palucki Blake is the Assistant Vice President for Institutional Research and Effectiveness at Harvey Mudd College, where her primary role is to coordinate data collection, interpretation and dissemination to support teaching and learning, planning and decision-making across the college. Prior to joining Harvey Mudd, she was the Assistant Director of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) at the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) at UCLA.David
Conference Session
ERM: Problem Solving and Conceptual Understanding
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Boni Yraguen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Hannia Koolman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Katherine Fu, Georgia Institute of Technology; Anna Lummus, Georgia Institute of Technology
Paper ID #37161Using Post-Assessment Reflection to Enhance StudentLearning Outcomes in a Fluid Mechanics CourseBoni Frances Yraguen (PhD Student) Boni Yraguen is a PhD student at Georgia Tech. Her dissertation work is in the field of combustion/thermo./fluids. She studies a novel diesel injection strategy: Ducted Fuel Injection (DFI), which is used to drastically decrease soot emissions during diesel combustion. In addition to her thesis work, Boni is passionate about engineering education. She has led and participated in various educational studies on the impact of student reflections, authentic learning
Conference Session
ERM: Find Out More About Faculty!
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sarah Orton, University of Missouri - Columbia; Fan Yu, University of Missouri - Columbia; Johanna Milord; Lisa Flores, University of Missouri - Columbia; Rose Marra, University of Missouri - Columbia
Paper ID #37167Work in Progress: Faculty choice and reflection on teachingstrategies to improve engineering self-efficacySarah Lynn Orton (Dr.) Dr. Orton is an associate professor in Civil Engineering and is an active member of the American Concrete Institute and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. Orton also serves as the Director of Undergraduate Studies for the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Missouri. She has participated in several programs aimed at improving undergraduate education. Her research projects have involved the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers to
Conference Session
LEES 5: Preparing and Practicing Culturally and Ethically Sensitive Engagement
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Laura Fiss, Michigan Technological University; Darnishia Slade, Michigan Technological University
Factors Program. Her research focus includes self-efficacy, mental toughness, and microaggressions. Darnishia is also the Pavlis Educator and Manager of Global Engagement Programs in the Pavlis Honors College at Michigan Tech. She’s a foodie who enjoys spending time with friends and family as well as impromptu road trips! © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Reflecting on Culture in an Immersion Experience: How to Prepare Students for the UnexpectedAbstract:Experiential learning is increasingly recognized as a high-impact educational practice, andreflection is an essential piece of
Conference Session
DEED Technical Session 10: Empathy and Human-centered Design
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert Nagel, James Madison University; Melissa Aleman, James Madison University; Collette Higgins, James Madison University
Paper ID #37605Exploring engineering students’ reflections of their childhoodexperiences: The intersection of structure and curiosityCollette Patricia Higgins Collette Higgins is an undergraduate student at James Madison University majoring in Engineering and she is currently in the engineering leadership program. As an undergraduate research assistant, her scholarship focuses on K-12 pathways into engineering and STEM disciplines. She is trained to work with individuals diagnosed with special needs including ASD, ADHD, ADD, and ODD and has extensive experience creating scaffolded lessons to engage and interact with
Conference Session
Materials Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brian Iezzi, University of Michigan; Paul Chao, University of Michigan; Kyle Bushick, University of Michigan; Joshua Cooper, University of Michigan; Tathya Shinde, University of Michigan; Timothy Chambers, University of Michigan; Duncan Greeley, University of Michigan
metallic alloy'ssurface color.5. Summary and Outlook It is well-demonstrated in education research that effective curriculum implementation iscritical to success.[4] We developed our implementation strategies for virtual and hybrid outreachby maintaining a stable volunteer corps through multiple events and reflecting on volunteer andstudent experiences and outcomes. Each of the outreach modalities presented here (entirelyvirtual, hybrid classroom, and hybrid community) was designed to meet a need at a specific timegiven the restrictions in place. With the gradual reopening of schools to visitors in Spring 2022we have begun in-person visits again but will likely use lessons learned from the past two yearsin implementing new programs. We have
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Krishna Kumar, University of Texas at Austin
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)
Paper ID #39532Board 42: WIP: Reflections on teaching an engineering course throughmurder mysteriesKrishna Kumar, University of Texas at Austin Krishna Kumar is an Assistant Professor in Civil, Architecture, and Environmental Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. Krishna completed his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 2015 on multi-scale multiphase modeling of granular flows and was supervised by Professor Kenichi Soga. Krishna’s research interest spans high-performance computing, numerical modeling, and explainable AI of natural hazards. He has developed massively parallel micro-/macro-scale numerical
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Eric Markvicka, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Benjamin Hage; Ethan J Krings; Greg Bashford, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Paper ID #39049Board 367: Reflections from an Interdisciplinary Team Research Projectduring a 10-week NSF REU ProgramProf. Eric Markvicka, University of Nebraska, Lincoln Dr. Eric Markvicka is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL). There, he also holds a courtesy appointment in the De- partment of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the School of Computing. At UNL Dr. Markvicka directs the Smart Materials and Robotics Laboratory, an interdisciplinary research lab that is creating the next generation of wearable electronics and