Conference Session

CPDD Session 1 - Generating Intellectual Excitement for Professional Learners

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kerrie A. Douglas, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Hillary E. Merzdorf, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Use (Application Level)The fourth level evaluates learners’ intended and actual application of learning. From this level,we can better understand how the course contributed to learners’ current and future careers,interests, and professional development. Research questions at this level are “Do learners intendto continue learning in subject area as a result of this course?”, “Do learners intend to apply thismaterial to their career?”, “Will this course help learners advance their credentials?”, and “Doesthis course enable new professional opportunities for learners?” Like Level 1, Level 4 regardsthe individual perspectives of learners as critical for judging whether the course allowed learnersto advance in life. From post course surveys or

Conference Session

CPD Technical Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyrus Habibi P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Ronald R. Ulseth, Iron Range Engineering; Andrew Lillesve, Iron Range Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

consists of threebasic components: (1) recognizing professional goals and objectives, (2) evaluating anindividual’s skill set to achieve the objectives, and (3) drafting a plan to acquire the skills andcompetencies needed to meet the professional goals1. These components will make studentsmore effective, independent and confident self-directed learners. There are three types of skillsrequired to establish and continue a successful professional career. These skills include: technicalskills and professional skills (known as academic skills), personal and social, and employabilityskills (such as work experience, internship, and co-op). In a PIP process, students identify theirpositions in all these skills, and develop an action plan to achieve their

Conference Session

Listening and Negotiation

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Jenna P. Carpenter, Campbell University; Kim LaScola Needy P.E., University of Arkansas; Cheryl B. Schrader, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development, Engineering Leadership Development Division, New Engineering Educators, Student, Women in Engineering

Engineering Mentoring from the White House; the 2008 Hewlett-Packard/Harriett B. Rigas Award from the IEEE Education Society; the 2013 Distinguished Educator Award from the ASEE Electrical and Computer Engineering Division; and was named an IEEE Fellow in 2014. Dr. Schrader earned her B.S. in electrical engineering from Valparaiso University, and her M.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Notre Dame. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Listening and NegotiationAbstractNegotiation is an important skill for faculty at all stages of their career, but one that researchsuggests is often uncomfortable for women faculty to employ. This paper

Conference Session

Pedagogical Considerations for Teaching Engineering Professionals

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel LeBlanc, WPI

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

. Throughout her career, Rachel and her team have provided education solutions for several industries including defense, life science, high-tech, energy, healthcare, manufacturing, and construction. Rachel currently serves on the Board of Directors of INCOSE as the Director of Marketing and Commu- nications. In addition, she is on the Board of Directors for AUVSI New England. Rachel has a B.S. and M.S. in the life sciences, as well as an M.B.A. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Piloting Accessible Engineering Education OnlineAbstractMaking engineering education accessible to those without the ideal background has long been achallenge. Faculty are looking to admit students

Conference Session

Assessing the Efficacy of Non-traditional Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Pferdehirt, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin - Madison; John Nelson, U. of Wisconsin-Madison; Amy Shenot, U. of Wisconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Education, 2008 Design and Delivery of a Graduate-Level Project Management Course for Experienced Engineering Professionals: Collaborative, Applied Learning for Distributed TeamsIntroduction and Purpose of PaperThe purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the development and teaching of a projectmanagement course tailored in content and format to meet the needs of experienced, workingengineers. Key distinguishing characteristics of the course of interest to continuing educationprofessionals include: • Content is specifically optimized to meet the needs of mid-career engineers, rather than the more traditional approach of requiring such experienced professionals to participate in

Conference Session

Industry-Academia Collaborations

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Robertson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

executive Breadth Specialist New graduate Depth Figure 1. Technical career path options Page 12.300.2However, no solution is static and as advanced technology has allowed development ofmore complex systems, the technical roles have evolved too. Large systems companieshave steadily moved away from being the monolithic provider of all components to focuson specific capabilities. As a result, a global and massively interconnected supply chainhas evolved to produce

Conference Session

Industry-Academia Collaborations

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University; Jim Subach, Arizona State University; John Magrane, Microchip Technology Inc.; Carol Popovich, Microchip Technology Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

material; • Continuing education programs at the university that address advanced topics; • Recruitment/Internship programs; and • Seminar and workshop programs held at the university. The importance of continuous training to a company can be highlighted by the ideathat, “the employee development system increases employee job satisfaction and retention.Today’s employees want to feel that they have a career path and that they are regularlyenhancing their abilities. They are keenly aware that, in today’s market, real job security andincreasing compensation come from one’s expertise and ability to perform. Hence, peopleare very focused on improving their skills, and expect companies to offer training andeducational services.”15

Conference Session

CPD Technical Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Soma Chakrabarti, University of Kansas; Kevin Curry, University of Kansas; Zachary Gredlics, University of Kansas

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

settled with one typeof course or a course series. When a major aircraft was being designed, the company requestedmostly aircraft design-related courses. Later, before going for flight tests and compliancecertification, the same company requested courses related to those subject matters. Company Ais global; however, the teaching was primarily done in North America, therefore no specificcross‐cultural communication was needed in preparation. But the mode of delivery in recentyears frequently changed from face to face to live, web‐based delivery that suited simultaneoustraining in several North American locations. The organization has systematically designedemployee training on an aerospace career model3 that describes how learning, unlearning and

Conference Session

Development of Undergraduate Distance Education Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Fisher, Stevens Institute of Technology; Hamid Hadim, Stevens Institute of Technology; Sven Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology; Robert Ubell, Stevens Institute of Technology; Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

. Page 12.739.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Feasibility of a Fully Online Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Degree for Non-Traditional LearnersAbstractAlthough there are a number of online degrees available online today from some of the mostrespected educational institutions in the US, very few of these are accredited undergraduateengineering programs. Of interest here is an online program specifically designed and developedto address the many mid-career employees and non-traditional students who have yet to earn anundergraduate engineering degree, especially those in business and industry and at militaryinstallations. In this paper, we present the results of a study which seeks to address how

Conference Session

Supporting Faculty in Course Development and Pedagogy

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University; Keith D. Hjelmstad, Arizona State University; Eugene Judson, Arizona State University; James A. Middleton, Arizona State University; Robert J. Culbertson, Arizona State University; Casey Jane Ankeny, Northwestern University; Ying-Chih Chen, Arizona State University ; Lydia Ross, Arizona State University; Lindy Hamilton Mayled, Arizona State University; Kara L. Hjelmstad, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

strategies of active learning, cooperativelearning, objectives and Blooms’s taxonomy. For Sustainability 96% of faculty agreed or stronglyagreed that the JTFD project has been successful in creating CoPs which support innovation,implementation, and open dialogue between colleagues.” For COI Spread of Innovation, 91% offaculty agreed or strongly agreed that “the topics discussed provided me with new ideas forimplementation and/or reaffirmed strategies I am currently implementing.” For Shift ofOwnership 100% of faculty agreed or strongly agreed that “the tools, strategies, and interactionsin the JTFD project would be of value to their future instructional practice and career success.”Overall, assessment using the DOI and COI change models demonstrate

Conference Session

Future Directions of Continuing Professional Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T. Schuver, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

typically thankful to have apost-career job…” In fact, CEO is not where they wish to be if such an opportunity presenteditself. This age-specific cohort values their ability to do what they feel comfortable doing. Inmany ways, they are realizing their full potential at this point in their life and to this point areself-actualizing. They enjoy what they do, feel a part of a bigger social construct, feel valuedand for these many reasons tremendously enjoy their employment opportunities.Emotional Intelligence -As Cherniss25 states in the book Promoting Emotional Intelligence in Organizations“…emotional intelligence is the ability to accurately identify and understand one’s ownemotional reactions and those of others. It also involves the ability to

Conference Session

Future Directions of Continuing Professional Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gonca Altuger-Genc, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

questionto determine their approach in sharing information. If you come across a news article, radio show or a TV program that you find beneficial for your career, how likely are you to share it with your colleagues and classmates through a social networking platform?The students had five options to express their frequency of information sharing on socialplatforms: always, usually, sometimes, seldom and never. Even though the distinction betweenthese five choices are not easily quantifiable, the results show that approximately 90% of thestudents share the information they see worthwhile on social platforms; whereas roughly 10% ofstudents never share links on social networks. The detailed distribution of students’ responses isshown in Figure 4

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L Springer PMP, SPHR, SHRM-SCP, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T Schuver, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

by Levin and Dean titled Generation on a Tightrope1, the authors present asnapshot of undergraduate students enrolled between 2009 and 2014. The authors begin bylaying the foundation: Today’s college students are struggling to maintain their balance as they attempt to cross the gulf between their dreams and the diminished realities of the world in which they live. They are seeking security but live in an age of profound and unceasing change. (p. ix)… They desperately want the economic opportunity their parents enjoyed but are coming of age during a deep recession with reduced career prospects. They want to believe in the America Dream and are optimistic about their personal futures but they are

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James J. Pembridge, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

have been identified as being in a transitional phase of life between children andadults. This variation has increased recently as an increasing number of non-traditional studentsenter academia as a result of delayed college enrollment, second career adults, and militaryveteran undergraduates.This study explores student motivation and intellectual development by addressing researchquestions: How do adult learning (andragogical) characteristics of students in first-year designcourses compare to those in senior design? and What is the relationship between andragogicalcharacteristics and design learning? These questions will be answered through a survey ofstudent andragogical characteristics composed of several pre-developed and

Conference Session

Faculty and Course Evolution: Teaching With Technology, Online Delivery, and Addressing Emerging Student & Industry Needs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Paul Pearson, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems; Timothy Boyd, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Noah Miller, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

”. Nothing was asked in return, because each had given far more thanmost to the program, and to each other. Now these leaders have the challenge to go forthand create great strides; should they choose to pursue this journey as they forge theirfuture careers. Page 23.1406.8Page | 7 Selections by "The Bottom 3" Diversity "The Bottom 3" Group Counts! Leadership # of # in # % # % % Women Training Applicants Selected Selected Selected Selected Women & Program Group

Conference Session

Programs That Serve Industry and Academia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan Baldwin, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; John Ludwick, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Kevin Marshall, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

developing an advanced educationprogram.Bibliography1. Maier, R. and Weidner, E. (1975). Creating and encouraging an innovative academic environment in highereducation, Higher Education, Vol. 4, No. 1, Elsevier: Amsterdam.2. Jones, C (1996), "Careers in project networks: the case of the film industry", in Arthur, M.B, Rousseau, D.M(Eds).(2001). The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era, OxfordUniversity Press, USA.3. Caldwell, Craig (2006). Tenure-Track Candidacy Speech. Informatics and Communications TechnologyComplex. IUPUI. May 2006. Page 14.529.94. Van Vliet, John, (personal communication

Conference Session

The Intersection of Higher Ed and Industry

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, Purdue University - West Lafayette; Mark T. Schuver, Purdue University - West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

educationalsuccess than the historical undergraduate GPA or GRE. Undergraduate GPA and GRE scores, asadmissions criteria, further clouded the discussion by our desire as an academic unit to maintainhigh standards for admission.Other factors contributing to professional working adult learner success include, but are notlimited to, years since last degree, undergraduate field of study, reasons for undergraduate GPA(if low), GPA of classes taken more recently (post-undergraduate), GPA in the first two yearsversus the last two years, demonstrated application of undergraduate assimilated knowledgethrough successfully greater career opportunities, recommendations from supervisors and thirdparties and the potential students statement of purpose. In the final

Conference Session

Customizing Courses for Industry Training Needs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Kuprenas, University of Southern California; Elhami Nasr, California State University-Long Beach

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

2006-1862: PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION FOR APUBLIC SECTOR ENGINEERING ORGANIZATIONJohn Kuprenas, University of Southern CaliforniaElhami Nasr, California State University-Long Beach Page 11.1043.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Project Management Training and Certification for a Public Sector Engineering OrganizationAs engineers progress through their careers, many engineers perform less traditional technicalengineering and spend more time acting as engineering project managers who perform little orno traditional engineering work. Engineers functioning in both roles, however, are essential tosuccessful

Conference Session

Technology-Enhanced Learning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diarmuid McCarthy, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Seamus Gordon, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

nurture creativity and innovationfrom an early stage to excite and engage our second-level students towards thepursuing of these disciplines” 2,13.The report “Monitoring Irelands Skills Supply: Trends in Education/Training Outputs2008” was commissioned to provide an indication of the supply of skills to the Irishlabour market from the formal education and training systems 3. Contrary to thedesires of both the IEI and ACCI for a rise in graduates, there is a significant drop inthe number of second level students choosing to pursue a career within the STEMdisciplines, despite the growing number of students entering the third level system.Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) courses accounted for 20.6% of allcourse acceptances in 2007

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development and Distance Learning Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony P. Dalessio, Erie Community College; Elena V. Brewer, Erie Community College

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

lectures. The samecompany regularly conducts free training classes in photovoltaics at their facility that faculty,staff, and students have attended. We have learned about trade shows in the region with lowadmission fees that have been of particular benefit to our department's electronic technician.Several companies from outside the region we spoke with in the exhibit halls at variousconferences also hold free training webinars, such as Solectria Renewables and Dupont.Faculty at community colleges typically have very little access to grant funding. One grant wecan access is the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act funding. The federalgovernment allocates block grant funding to the states, who then allocate it to colleges

Conference Session

Professional Development from a Distance

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pamela L. Dickrell, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

ofengineering research and education, such as ‘Energy’, and ‘Sustainable Engineering’, to allowthose in industry and the military to train themselves into emerging engineering fields withoutleaving their present location and career. Generally, certificates have a quick online applicationprocess, and a certificate can be completed in one year.Figure 3: Graduate certificates offered online through UF EDGE Program.5.2 Online Master’s Degree TracksOnline master’s degrees for distance learning students are offered from seven University ofFlorida engineering departments. A master’s degree consist of 10 courses, with some flexibilityto cross select elective courses from other departments to structure the master’s degree

Conference Session

Innovative Adult and Technology Enhanced Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne M. Kresta, University of Alberta; Uttandaraman Sundararaj, University of Calgary; John A. Nychka, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

evaluations – All of us adopted some form of this approach at the Page 22.301.3 beginning of our own teaching careers and continued it as we mentored new professors, sometimes with the help of the student club. Our current role is to facilitate this process and provide people with several sample forms to use on their own, rather than taking direct action.• A University level Teaching and Learning Enhancement Fund (TLEF) proposal was awarded to support a workshop on educational assessment (2008-2009). Professor Royce Sadler (Griffith University, Australia) presented a plenary lecture and a two day workshop in April, 2009 along with individual

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles E. Baukal Jr. P.E., John Zink Co. LLC; Lynna J. Ausburn PhD, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

foundthere were some differences between those working in community policing environments andthose who did not. Police involved in community policing tended to be Problem Solvers.Ausburn and Brown (2006) studied career and technical education students and found that mostwere Engagers.28 To date there have not been any studies to determine the ATLAS-definedlearning strategy preferences of engineers, the occupational group of interest here.Verbal-Visual PreferenceA major dimension of learning or cognitive style with implications for instructional design is theverbalizer-visualizer dimension.29,30 Unfortunately, there is no consensus on terminology for thisdimension as it has been called a cognitive style, a learning style, and a learning preference

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma; Jitesh H. Panchal, Purdue University; Pradeep Kashinath Waychal, Innovation Centre, COEP

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

, Berkeley in 1974. He has co-authored two textbooks, one monograph and more than 350 technical papers dealing with the design of mechanical, thermal and structural systems; ships and aircraft. His design experience spans the areas of mechanical, aeronautical, structural, and industrial engineering. He has taught courses in engineering design, naval architecture, solid mechanics, operations research and computer science. He has supervised 28 doctoral students and more than 50 master’s students, all of whom are well-placed around the world; 12 of his doctoral students are pursuing highly successful careers in academia. In addition, he has mentored two students, one master’s and one doctoral, who now own several for-profit

Conference Session

Successful Professional Development Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rogelio Rodriguez, UC Irvine

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

mayhave a relatively short time-to-market cycle, medical products can take anywhere from 3 to 7years before they make it to the market.Modern technology has made many inroads in the advancement of medical technologyand engineers and scientists are playing a key role. As students make the transition to becomingprofessionals and professionals seek to enhance their careers, continued education and skillsenhancement is taking center stage. This paper describes the development of a continuingeducation certificate program in medical product development for both professional developmentand workforce development. Various disciplines may be involved throughout the developmentcycle from marketing to engineering to regulatory affairs. Possessing a thorough

Conference Session

Programs That Serve Industry and Academia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati; Timothy Keener, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Interpersonal set (additional courses counted as program electives.) This requiresadvisor approval.Track Required CoursesThe College of Engineering offers graduate degree programs in nine distinct disciplines.Students enrolled in the MEng degree program can pick their area of emphasis from any of thesedisciplines based on their interests and career needs. Each discipline has established the numberof track courses / credit hours required for the MEng degree with an emphasis in that discipline.Elective CoursesStudents select elective courses to satisfy their educational objectives. Frequently, the electivecourses will be selected from the discipline focus area of the student in order to provide depth ina particular topic. However, students may also

Conference Session

Customizing Courses for Industry Training Needs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Tidwell, Boeing Co.; John Robertson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

features of the degree program and show thescope and diversity of careers in technology, current high-level examples fromindustry are essential. The outcomes from the education process are there for allto see in the interaction between technical skills, cost and global markets.However, access to the information and experience does not come readily. Itrequires commitment, persistence and a coherent vision shared by all academicand industry participants. The results described in this paper are capable of Page 11.357.8further enhancement as the adaptation of similar content to meet the needs of eachlearning group brings many synergies that continue to enrich both

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey S. Goss, Arizona State University; Philip Regier, Arizona State University; Scott Pitasky, Starbucks

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Education Administration from George Washington University (Washington, DC). Under Mr. Goss’ direction, thousands of global engineering professionals from various corporate organizations have advanced their companies and employee’s careers with training through executive seminars, certifications, short courses and media distributed graduate degree programs.Dr. Philip Regier, Arizona State University Dr. Philip Regier is University Dean for Educational Initiatives and CEO of EdPlus at ASU. Page 26.307.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Starbucks College Achievement Plan: An Innovative Educational PartnershipOn

Conference Session

The Intersection of Higher Ed and Industry

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Ahmad, Northwestern State University of Louisiana

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

. After that a newprogram proposal was submitted and approved by the institute’s governing body.Results and DiscussionThe selected Engineering Technology program has both major and support courses to preparegraduates for technical and supervisory careers in a variety of industries. The program combinestechnical knowledge with communications skills and teamwork to provide the flexibility neededin today’s rapidly changing marketplace. The selected program educational objectives are:  Demonstrate technical proficiency in the field  Apply quantitative reasoning and critical thinking in solving technical problems  Effectively communicate technical knowledge, ideas, and proposals to others, including upper management  Lead

Conference Session

Continuous improvement of programs, practices and people.

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

need and well understood career path for traditional disciplines it is clear thatmany of the skills needed to participate in the future workforce do not fit neatly into a particulardiscipline. An increasing number of jobs and professions require knowledge and skills that arenot provided through traditional coursework. Big data analysis and artificial intelligence are twosuch topics that individuals from traditional disciplines including electrical engineers,mechanical engineers, civil engineers and others are requesting that are not part of a traditionalcurriculum.The University Cincinnati Master of Engineering program provides a flexible platform on whichto construct new degree programs intended to meet the emerging needs of the workforce