Conference Session

Collaborations: International Case Studies & Exchanges

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Seyed Allameh; Morteza Sadat-Hossieny; Mark Rajai

started from the social sciences and humanities,engineering and the natural sciences in the United States have realized that engineeringstudents also require strong international skills to succeed in the global engineeringworkforce. As early as April 1995, PRISM, the journal of the American Society ofEngineering Education (ASEE), mentioned over 70 engineering programs with somecomponents related to internationalization and globalization. During the years, with the Page 10.670.1realization of the importance of such programs, the number of engineering programs hasgrown larger, and collaborative development teams have rapidly evolved into

Conference Session

Collaborative Learning, Project-Based, Service Learning, and Impacts on Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan E. Esparragoza, Pennsylvania State University, Media

Tagged Divisions

International

Society for Engineering Education and in the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institution (LACCEI) as Vice-President for Research. Page 22.846.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Incorporating Global and Ethical Issues in a Freshman Engineering Design Course through Collaborative Design ProjectsAbstractGlobal collaborative design is a common practice nowadays due to the international nature andbusiness scope of many corporations. More and more, the new engineers are working inconcurrent design teams geographically disperse around the world. They are

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Crossdisciplinary Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Green, University of Maryland; Judy Frels, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

AC 2009-498: A CALL FOR CROSS-CAMPUS COLLABORATION INEXECUTIVE EDUCATION: REFLECTIONS ON THE CERTIFICATE ININNOVATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AT THE UNIVERSITY OFMARYLANDJames Green, University of Maryland Dr. James V. Green is the Director of the award-winning Hinman Campus Entrepreneurship Opportunities (Hinman CEOs) Program at the University of Maryland, and the associate director of entrepreneurship education at Mtech Ventures. He manages the executive education programs and the Technology Start-Up Boot Camp, and serves as the course manager for Mtech Ventures. He is an instructor with the A. James Clark School of Engineering, teaching a variety of courses in entrepreneurship and technology

Conference Session

National and Multi-university Initiatives

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia C. Fry, Baylor University; William M. Jordan, Baylor University; Edmond John Dougherty, Villanova University; Nassif E. Rayess, University of Detroit Mercy; Pritpal Singh, Villanova University; Kenneth F. Bloemer, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

has a Bachelors, Masters and Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering. Page 25.1303.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 The Helping Hands Dense Network – A Collaboration Across Multiple UniversitiesInspired by the Kern Entrepreneurship Education Network’s (KEEN) mission of educating a newtype of entrepreneurially minded engineer who will ―catalyze a transformation in the workforceand build economic and technical commerce in their communities,‖1 four member universities ofthe KEEN joined together to form the Helping Hands Dense Network (HHDN) with a three-yearplan of work that: Leverages

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homaira Fayez, Herat Engineering University; M. S. Keshawarz, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

International

his colleges at both universities. Page 24.278.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Collaboration of Afghan and American Universities in a New Architectural Engineering Program at Herat University, AfghanistanABSTRACTHerat architecture in Western Afghanistan has seen better days through its history than whatis being practiced now. Its civil infrastructure during the Timuried Dynasty 500 years ago wasstructurally sound and aesthetically more pleasing as we see them in the splendid remnants ofthat era. The war of occupation by the Russians and the ensued civil war damaged

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FYP) - Technical Session 6: Mentors & Teams

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rui Li, New York University Tandon School of Engineering; Victoria Bill, New York University Tandon School of Engineering; Ingrid Paredes, New York University Tandon School of Engineering; Jack Bringardner, New York University Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Data-driven Strategy for Maintaining Effective Team Collaboration in a First-year Engineering Design CourseAbstractIn this experience-based practice paper, peer-to-peer evaluation was used to improve students’team-based learning experience. For the future workforce, the ability to collaborate well inmultidisciplinary teams is a highly valued professional skill. Many educational institutions haveimplemented project-based learning to develop students’ teamwork skills. One of the topchallenges is managing potential conflicts after team formation. Although constructive conflictmay increase team productivity according to Tuckman, conflicts were viewed as negative and theprimary

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Rokooei, Mississippi State University; Mohsen Garshasby, Mississippi State University; Afshin Hatami, Mississippi State University

Paper ID #37158Cross Review of Collaboration in a Design-Build StudioSaeed RokooeiMohsen Garshasby (Assistant Professor) Mohsen Garshasby is an Assistant Professor in the Building Construction Science program at Mississippi State University. Dr. Garshasby is an architect, researcher, and educator who currently teaches collaborative studio(s) and integrated building systems within the College of Architecture, Art and Design at Mississippi State University.Afshin Hatami © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 2: VR, AR, and CAD

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Robert P. Leland, Oral Roberts University; Rachael Valentz, Oral Roberts University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

nursing courses at Oral Roberts University for six years. Previously, she worked as staff in the simulation lab assisting students with hands-on training. Rachael’s nursing experience includes 14 years of ICU work throughout the country. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Collaboration With Nursing in Computer Aided Design of Emergency RoomsThis work in progress describes a collaboration between first year Engineering students andsenior Nursing students at Oral Roberts University in the 3D design of emergency rooms (ER)using the CAD software SolidWorks. For the engineering students, the nursing studentsserved

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 9

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Crystal E. Peoples, Duke University; Alicia Nicki Washington, Ph.D., Duke University; Shaundra Bryant Daily, Duke University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

private sources to support her collabo- rative research activities, Daily’s work has been featured in USA Today, Forbes, National Public Radio, and the Chicago Tribune. Daily earned her B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Florida Agri- cultural and Mechanical University – Florida State University College of Engineering, and an S.M. and Ph.D. from the MIT Media Lab. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 RACE AND COLLABORATION IN COMPUTER SCIENCE: A NETWORK SCIENCE APPROACHINTRODUCTIONAn important step in creating more equitable and inclusive CS departments is acknowledgingthat structural racism persists (and in some instances, thrives) in academic

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zia Din, University of Houston

Paper ID #37004Lessons learned from the development of immersive virtualreality-based collaborative architecture, engineering, andconstruction (AEC) education environmentZia Ud Din (Assistant Professor) Zia Din, Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Department of Construction Management, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77021. Tel: 713-743-4436; Fax: 713-743-4793; Email: uziauddi5@central.uh.edu Dr. Zia Din is an assistant professor in the Department of Construction Management at the University of Houston. Dr. Din's research interests include constructability analysis, construction safety, innovative pedagogies, and

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Breanna Kilgore; Luis Carlos Estrada Petrocelli, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Facultad de Ingeniería; Jay Molino, Univesidad Especializada de las Américas; Ernesto Antonio Ibarra Ramirez P.E., Universidad Latina de Panama; ABHISHEK MAHESH APPAJI, B.M.S. College of Engineering; Rogelio Garcia Contreras, University of Arkansas; Raj R. Rao, University of Arkansas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

NSF-CAREER, Qimonda Professorship, Billingsley Professorship, IBE Presidential Citation for Distinguished Service and University of Arkansas Honors College Distinguished Leadership Award. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Work in Progress: Investigating the impact of international education oncultural understanding, health disparities and collaboration through project- based learningIntroductionInternationalization and promotion of global understanding are important areas of focus foreducators with interdisciplinary approaches emphasizing international health issues, causes, andtechnology-based solutions of global health issues. To effectively solve global

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD) Technical Session 5

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason M. Keith, Mississippi State University; Lis Pankl, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD)

©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024The Role of University Research Libraries on Improving Education inScience, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics: A Focus onInstitutional Collaborative CultureJason M. Keith1 and Lis Pankl21 Bagley College of Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi StateMS, 397622 Mississippi State University Libraries, Mississippi State University,Mississippi State MS, 39762The Role of University Research Libraries on Improving Education in Science,Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics: A Focus on Institutional CollaborativeCultureAbstractThe Mitchell Memorial Library is in the heart of the campus of Mississippi State University(MSU). As part of a new strategic plan to transform MSU

Conference Session

Transfer Programs at Two-Year Colleges in Engineering and Engineering Technology

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Agniprava Banerjee, University of Texas at El Paso; Sara Rodriguez, University of Texas at El Paso; Benjamin Flores, University of Texas at El Paso

) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com ASPIRE West Texas Regional Collaborative: A Mentoring Model For Future FacultyIntroductionThere is a growing recognition that current and future faculty at community colleges must beable to effectively teach students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Diversity amongfuture faculty and their ability to relate to the student population at community colleges (CCs)has shown to have positively impacted the rate of success for students at these institutions[1,2,13]. For many years the racial gap between different URM (Underrepresented minorities)and non-minority students has been an

Conference Session

Collaborations: International Case Studies & Exchanges

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Reaveley; Nick Safai

Session# 2660 Universal Model - A Partnership for an Accelerated Civil Engineering Program Bridging the Civil Engineering Education from the Community College to a University Dr. Nick M. Safai, and Dr. Larry Reaveley, Chair Engineering Department, Salt Lake Community College/ Chair Civil Engineering Department, University of UtahAbstractCurrently there is an initiative in progress to develop a (three semester) year round program ofstudy that will allow students to complete their Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering(BSCE) degrees in a shorter time frame. This initiative is

Conference Session

Teaching Innovation in Arch Engineering II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erich Connell, East Carolina University; David Batie, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

2006-1649: BREAKING THE BOX: A NECESSITY FOR INTERACTIVE ON-LINECOLLABORATIVE TEACHINGErich Connell, East Carolina University Erich Connell is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Construction Management at East Carolina University. He is an Architect and has over 10 years of teaching and professional experience in the field.David Batie, East Carolina University Page 11.284.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Breaking the Box: A Necessity for Interactive On-Line Collaborative TeachingIntroductionWhen undertaking a project in which there is no precedent, it

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 4 Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Yousef Jalali, Virginia Tech ; Christian Matheis, Guilford College; Christine Tysor, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #28454Sustaining Faculty Collaboration: An Exploratory Process-Based Study ofResearch Collaboration Across UniversitiesMr. Yousef Jalali, Virginia Tech Yousef Jalali is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. He re- ceived a B.S. and M.S. in Chemical Engineering and M.Eng. in Energy Systems Engineering. His research interests include interaction between critical thinking, imagination, and ethical reasoning, interpersonal and interinstitutional collaboration, diversity, equity, and inclusion, systems thinking, and chemical en- gineering learning systems. Yousef taught

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Margarita Takach; Yiyuan J. Zhao; Reza Langari; Ray Taghavi; Mehrdad Ghasemi Nejhad; Luigi Martinelli; Linda Ann Riley; K. Krishnamurthy; Janet M. Twomey; Degang Chen; David Radcliffe

Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamic DesignOptimization. He teaches undergraduate and graduate classes in Fluid Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. He'san Associate Fellow of the AIAA and a member of the AIAA Fluid Mechanics Technical Committee.DAVID RADCLIFFEDavid Radcliffe is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Queensland. Hisscholarly interests include engineering systems design, manufacturing systems, engineering education andrehabilitation engineering. He co-founded the Engineering Process Research Group (EPRG) which carries outempirical research focused on the process of engineering in the context of natural work settings. This researchdraws on and involves collaboration with the social sciences especially

Conference Session

Aerospace Curriculum and Collaborations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leigh S McCue, Virginia Tech; Joseph A. Schetz, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

students and an even larger number of MS students have completed their degrees under his supervision. These former students now hold a wide variety of important positions in industry, government and academia both in the US and overseas. He is a frequent and active member of the PhD committees of graduate students not only in aerospace, but also civil and mechanical engineering at Virginia Tech and foreign universities. Page 22.22.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 A combined curriculum in aerospace and ocean engineering—38 years later This paper is

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Aldridge, The Ohio State University; Nicole Else-Quest, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; So Yoon Yoon, University of Cincinnati; Joe Roy, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #41973Board 226: Collaborative Research: The Organizational Climate Challenge:Promoting the Retention of Students from Underrepresented Groups in DoctoralEngineering Programs: Year 1Dr. Julie Aldridge, The Ohio State University My background and research interests are in organizational change, innovation, and leadership. My strengths are ideation and transdisciplinary teamwork. My current work focuses on organizational climate to better support the retention of engineering doctoral students from diverse groups to degree completion.Nicole Else-Quest, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nicole M. Else-Quest is

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

John Brown; Patricia Click

Session 3661 Collaborative Learning About the Meaning of Professionalism Professors John K. Brown, Patricia C. Click Division of Technology, Culture, and Communication School of Engineering and Applied Science University of VirginiaIntroductionEngineering educators strive to promote a professional orientation among their undergraduates.The task is difficult, given the range of subjects and goals, both on and off campus, that crowdthe four-year curriculum. Yet the effort is extremely important, so much so that the ABETEngineering Criteria

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Diane L. Peters, Kettering University; Meher Rusi Taleyarkhan, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Shelly Tan, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Paper ID #32314Academic and Industry Collaboration: A Literature ReviewDr. Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. Lucietto has focused her research in engineering technology education and the understanding of engineering technology students. She teaches in an active learning style which engages and develops practical skills in the students. Currently she is exploring the performance and attributes of engineering technology students and using that knowledge to engage them in their studies. This often includes their interaction in the classroom as well as their transition to industry.Dr. Diane L. Peters

Conference Session

Engineering Communication II: Curricular Practices, Integrations, and Collaborations

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mary M. McCall, University of Detroit Mercy; Nassif E. Rayess, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

-Engineering-Graduates-in-the-Sageev-Romanowski/a4b6f0f6f056a913fc6863a7dc400c0dc1532797. [Accessed June 22, 2017].[2] S. Nelson, “Teaching collaborative writing and peer review techniques to engineering andtechnology undergraduates,” in Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in EducationConference: Building on A Century of Progress in Engineering Education, S2B/1-S2B/5 2000,Kansas City, MO, USA. October 18-21, 2001. [Online]. Available:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/896636. [Accessed June 22, 2017].[3] Engineering Accreditation Commission, “Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs,“ABET, 2011.[4] Engineering Accreditation Commission, “Criteria for Accrediting Engineering TechnologyPrograms, 2019-2020,” ABET, 2019. [Online

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 11: Leadership and Collaborations in Engineering

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Maria Lilley, University of Illinois, Chicago

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #25584Work in Progress: Exploring the Attributes of a Prototypical Leader AsViewed by Undergraduate Engineering StudentsProf. Carmen Maria Lilley, University of Illinois, Chicago Dr. Lilley’s research interests in engineering education focus on professional development of engineering students at the undergraduate and graduate level. In particular, she is interested in the nuances of how the intersection of race/ethnicity with gender affects professional development in the area of leadership and the long term career trajectory of an individual. Her other research interests are focused on syntheses of low

Conference Session

Real-world Applications in ET

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Mueller

Session 2147 A Senior Project Done in Collaboration with Industry Robert Lynn Mueller The Pennsylvania State University New Kensington CampusAbstractMany baccalaureate-engineering curriculums require that their students complete a projectcourse prior to graduation. This project is usually taken in the senior year and is to utilize theengineering principles encompassed in the student’s education. While this is definitely aworthwhile requirement, it is sometimes difficult to find meaningful projects. The advantages toreal-world

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Pamela Leigh-Mack, Virginia State University; Craig J. Scott, Morgan State University; Mohamed F. Chouikha, Prairie View A&M University; John C. Kelly, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Miguel Velez-Reyes, University of Texas at El Paso; Shiny Abraham, Seattle University; Megan Bekolay; Otsebele E. Nare, Hampton University; Abdelnasser A. Eldek, Jackson State University; Mandoye Ndoye, Tuskegee University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021A Super Department Model for Multi-University CollaborationAbstract: Since 2013, a partnership of Electrical and Computer Engineering programs fromnearly 20 Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) have been collaborating to produce more andbetter-prepared graduates by leveraging connections between partner institutions and outsideorganizations from academia, government and industry. Key to the success of this collaborationhas been the development of a virtual working community of practice through regular online andin-person meetings, resource and idea sharing, collaborative assessment andpublication/dissemination of results, advocacy and mentoring for one another

Conference Session

Freshman Design

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

John Lake; John Anderson; Charles Yarnoff; J. Edward Colgate; Barbara Shwom; Penny Hirsch

this collaboration, however, is that by drawing on the practices of Page 7.514.10 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ©2002, American Society for Engineering Educationindustrial designers and design firms, we have been able to develop a state-of-the-art course inconceptual design adapted to the abilities of freshmen who lack the knowledge to tackle detaileddesign. This adaptation is a major enhancement to the design curriculum at Northwestern. Itallows us to build a foundation and culture of design at the freshman level, teaching skills

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Faculty Perspectives and Training

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Courtney June Faber, The College of New Jersey; Cheryl A. Bodnar, Rowan University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Tech; Erin J. McCave, University of Houston; Courtney S. Smith, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #15393Narrating the Experiences of First-year Faculty in the Engineering Educa-tion Research Community: Developing a Qualitative, Collaborative ResearchMethodologyDr. Courtney June Faber, The College of New Jersey Courtney is an Assistant Professor in the Technological Studies Department at The College of New Jersey. She joined The College of New Jersey after completing a Ph.D. in Engineering & Science Education at Clemson University. Prior to her Ph.D. work, she received her B.S. in Bioengineering at Clemson University and her M.S. in Biomedical Engineering at Cornell University. Courtney’s research interests

Conference Session

Controls, Mechatronics

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Nathan Wiedenman

A COLLABORATIVE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO MECHATRONICS Nathan Wiedenman1, Barry Shoop2 1 United States Military Academy, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, West Point, New York, U.S.A. email: Nathan.Wiedenman@usma.edu 2 United States Military Academy, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, West Point, New York, U.S.A. email: Barry.Shoop@usma.eduAbstract Mechatronics continues to gain currency throughout the world as a unique field of study.As this happens, more and more universities within the United States are expanding theirofferings to include this valuable multi-disciplinary field. This paper examines the ongoingeffort

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Kathleen Meehan, Virginia Tech; Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dianna Newman; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Mohamed F. Chouikha, Howard University; Deborah Walter, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

the recruitment and retention of women and minorities in engineering and currently PI for an NSF-STEM grant to improve diversity at Rose-Hulman. Page 23.297.2 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Collaborative Research: Center for Mobile Hands-On STEMVision and Goals of the Center for Hands-On STEMHands-on activities are an essential part of the learning experience for STEM students todemonstrate theoretical concepts in practice and to connect students with the experimentalcomponent of our STEM disciplines. Historically, these activities were relegated to

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

David Goodman

Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration Copyright ©2019, American Society for Engineering Education Session ETD 445Energy Auditors has been identified as a “Bright Outlook Occupation” because it meets one ofthe following criteria: • “Projected to grow faster than average (employment increase of 10% or more) over the period 2016-2026 • Projected to have 100,000 or more job openings over the period 2016-2026.” [3]This data provided a point of discussion for dialog with local industry, which led to acollaboration with Cummins. [4]Cummins developed a corporate energy focus in 2006 and already had a developed trainingprogram