Conference Session

Session 9 - Track 1: Weaving Students into Engineering, not Weeding Them Out

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jenna P. Carpenter, Campbell University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

from application & practice & toward theory, math, engineering sciencethe US • By 1980’s hands-on training had dropped significantly • National Science Foundation-funded university Coalitions in the 1990’s tried to bring some of the hands-on approach back to the curriculum For much of its history, engineering has worked to weed out all but the perceived brightest and best, with the belief that theBrief History of majority of students did not have what it takes to make an engineer.Engineering We have broadened our view of whichEducation in students have

Conference Session

LEAD Technical Session 1: Fostering Leadership Identity Development and DEI in Engineering Students and Professionals

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brett Tallman, Montana State University - Bozeman; Bryce Hughes, Montana State University - Bozeman; Robert Carson, Montana State University - Bozeman; William Schell, Montana State University - Bozeman

Conference Session

How Communities and Systems Influence Equity: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marissa Tsugawa, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Brady Webster; Sakshi Solanki, Utah State University; Autumn Cuellar; Catherine Spence, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Health,” World Health Organization, Nov. 24, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health (accessed Jan. 24, 2022).[3] “Disability Impacts All of Us,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sep. 16, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/infographic-disability-impacts-all.html (accessed Jan. 2022).[4] C. A. Okoro, N. D. Hollis, A. C. Cyrus, and S. Griffin-Blake, “Prevalence of Disabilities and Health Care Access by Disability Status and Type Among Adults - United States, 2016,” MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., vol. 67, no. 32, pp. 882–887, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6732a3.[5] E. V. Peña, “Marginalization of Published Scholarship on Students With Disabilities in Higher

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Best of Works in Progress

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bryan Ranger, Babcock & Wilcox Company; Avneet Hira, Boston College; Brian Smith, Babcock & Wilcox Company; Xiang Zhang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Brian Anthony, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

education.Avneet Hira (Assistant Professor) Avneet Hira is an Assistant Professor in the Human-Centered Engineering program at Boston College with a courtesy appointment in the Department of Teaching, Curriculum, and Society. Her scholarship is motivated by the fundamental question of how engineering and technology can support people in living well in an increasingly engineered world. Her research, which is in engineering education, focuses on affordances of technology, humanistic design, and engineering epistemology. Her work is inspired by Making and tinkering practices, especially those from different local knowledge systems.Brian Keith Smith Brian K Smith is the Honorable David S. Nelson Professional Chair and Associate

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Kathir, George Mason University

Paper ID #37759Design and Fabrication of an Accelerated CorrosionChamber for Naval ApplicationsNathan M. Kathir (Associate Professor and Director of Senior Projects) Nathan M. Kathir, Ph.D., P.E.(CO), F.ASCE Director of Senior Design (Capstone), Dept of Mechanical Eng., George Mason Univ. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.comDesign and Fabrication of an Accelerated Corrosion Chamber for Naval applicationsAbstractAn improvement in capability to better manage and reduce degradation of materials in theDepartment of Navy (DON)’s

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Computing, Technology, and AI

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franz Kurfess, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Katya Vasilaky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Tina Cheuk, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ryan Jenkins; Grace Nolan; Amir Hajrasouliha; Elise St John

Machinery]. https://www.acm.org/code-of-ethicsADAPT Centre for Digital Content Technology. (2017). The Ethics Canvas. https://www.ethicscanvas.org/AI for Good Foundation. (2019). Projects—AI for Good Foundation. AI for Good Foundation. https://ai4good.org/active-projects/AI for Good Foundation, & Syngenta. (2017). AI for Agriculture: Help Feed the World with AI. https://ai4good.org/ai-for-agriculture/Athey, S. (2017). Beyond prediction: Using big data for policy problems. Science, 355(6324), 483–485. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4321Benjamin, M., Gagnon, P., Rostamzadeh, N., Pal, C., Bengio, Y., & Shee, A. (2019). Towards Standardization of Data Licenses: The Montreal Data License. ArXiv:1903.12262

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Campbell Bego, University of Louisville; Patricia Ralston, University of Louisville; Keith Lyle

, in normal classroom quizzes, students answeringa question correctly is not necessarily a reason to remove it. It is often a challenge to develop aresearch design that functions exactly as desired in a classroom implementation. 7 References[1] K. B. Lyle, C. R. Bego, R. F. Hopkins, P. A. S. Ralston, and J. L. Hieb, “How the amount and spacing of retrieval practice affect the short- and long-term retention of mathematics knowledge,” Educ. Psychol. Rev., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 277–295, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10648- 019-09489-x.[2] R. F. Hopkins, K. B. Lyle, J. L. Hieb, and P. A. S

Conference Session

Social Identities and STEM Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Minichiello, Utah State University

Conference Session

Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiangxiong Kong, Coastal Carolina University; Alex Fegely, Coastal Carolina University; Wout De Backer, University of South Carolina; Monica Gray, The University of Texas Permian Basin; George Hitt, Coastal Carolina University; Ryan Kerns

faculty start-up research fund from the Gupta College ofScience at Coastal Carolina University. The 3D printer (Ultimaker S5) of this study was fundedthrough Horry County Higher Education Commission (HCHEC) in Horry County, South Carolina.In addition, the authors acknowledge the support of the SmartState™ Center for MultifunctionalMaterials and Structures (MFMS) at the University of South Carolina.References[1] Rocha, I. L. (2018). Manufacturing as driver of economic growth. PSL Quarterly Review, 71(285), 103-138.[2] Haraguchi, N., Cheng, C. F. C., & Smeets, E. (2017). The importance of manufacturing in economic development: has this changed?. World Development, 93, 293-315.[3] Schake, S., & Craft, J. (2019). Job applicants as the

Conference Session

LEAD Tech Session #2: Assessing and Evaluating Engineering Leadership Development.

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhen Zhao, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Adam Carberry, Arizona State University; Samantha Brunhaver, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Jennifer Chandler, Arizona State University

summer programmentors, compared to their colleagues who never mentored in any of the ERC summer programs.The whole and final version of the instrument will be presented at the conference.References[1] L. A. Ellis and A. K. Peterson, "A Way Forward: Assessing the Demonstrated Leadership of Graduate Civil Engineering and Construction Management Students," Leadership and Management in Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 88-96, 2011.[2] B. Ahn, M. F. Cox, J. London, O. Cekic and J. Zhu, "Creating an Instrument to Measure Leadership, Change, and Synthesis in Engineering Undergraduates," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 115-136, 2014.[3] S. Kumar and J. K. Hsiao, "Engineers learn "soft skills the hard way": Planting a

Conference Session

ERM: Mental Health and Wellness

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gabriella Sallai, Pennsylvania State University; Johnathan Vicente, Pennsylvania State University; Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

Conference Session

Remediation and Curricular Changes to Improve Student Learning and Outcomes

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Girish Upreti; Denise Bauer; Jie Zhou

semester separationbetween two courses will give students ample time to identify their project topic and carry outnecessary background research before the second capstone course, thus they will spend timesolely on the project during their last semester. Changes and tweaks will be made to each coursebased on the feedback from students and faculty to improve student learning outcomes outlinedby ABET. More importantly, the sequence will be designed and improved to equip students withtechnical skills and professional skills, which will prepare students to meet expectations from theindustry and ease students’ transition into the professional world.References[1] C. Gewirtz, D. A. Kotys-Schwartz, D. Knight, M. C. Paretti, S. Arunkumar, J. D. Ford, S.Howe

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Talley, Texas State University; Julie Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology; Josh Hurt, Georgia Institute of Technology

the Construction Science and Management and Civil Engineering Technology Programs, and her research focus is in student engagement and retention in engineering and engineering technology education. Contact: talley@txstate.eduJosh Hurt (Research Engineer 1)Julie S Linsey (Associate Professor) Georgia Tech © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Changing Homework Achievement with Mechanix Pedagogy: Increasing the Efficacy of a Measurement Tool for Construction MajorsAbstractIn online or large in-person course sections, instructors often adopt an online homework tool toalleviate the burden of grading

Conference Session

ERM: Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and MORE!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kai Jun Chew, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Holly Matusovich, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Collection

2023 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Ben Weihrauch

. Based on institutional data, FGS continue to apply to, and gain admission, to CEASbut are not matriculating at the same rate they did a decade ago. IHE who can strategicallyconnect and support all aspects of the STEM FGS experience could develop a sustainable studentapplicant pool at the same time CGS high school graduate numbers (the pool that historicallyenrolls in CEAS) are decreasing over the next decade. In combination with changing institutionalbarriers to persistence and graduation outcomes, IHE can capitalize on the assets, funds ofknowledge, and the attitude of “no choice but to succeed” that FGS bring to table. ReferencesAllaire, F. S

Conference Session

Computers in Education 1 - Programming I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Lewis, University of Louisville; Nicholas Hawkins, University of Louisville; Brian Robinson

differences of the APLto Python. Following the “Programming lessons”, there is a series of activities to help thestudents create circuit(s) and program(s) that interact with each other.Although the course structure of ENGR 111 is the antithesis of a remote pedagogical setting,course administrators decided to redesign the ENGR 111 experience as a remote delivery due tothe reality of the Covid-19 pandemic. The definition of “remote delivery” institutionally is acourse that meets online, and synchronously. The use of the makerspace was not feasible due tothe close-proximity nature of numerous hands-on activities for as many as 96 students per class,and the provision of multiple shared tools amongst six different classes. The remote designationchallenged

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Santangelo, Hofstra University; Lynn A. Albers, Hofstra University; Margaret A Hunter, Hofstra University; Kristin Weingartner; Rosebud Elijah, Hofstra University; Richard Cohen, Nassau Community College; Scott T Lefurgy; Rakhi Agarwal; Lisa Filippi, Hofstra University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

and Mentoring (iAM) Program to Promote Access to STEM ProfessionsBackgroundThe Integrated Achievement and Mentoring (iAM) Program at Hofstra University (HU) respondsto the challenge of retaining a diverse STEM student population [1]. This achievement-focusedprogram provides students early access to the hidden curriculum and contextualizes supportservices in a model that is inclusive, promotes belonging, and develops student identity locally inthe STEM community and globally as part of the University community. This is an NSFScholarships in STEM (S-STEM) Track 3 (multi-institution)-funded Program built on thetheoretical framework of legitimate peripheral participation with an emphasis on inclusivity,community, and belonging

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veronica M. Catete, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; Isabella Gransbury; Marnie Hill; Devin Jean; Brian Broll; Akos Ledeczi, Vanderbilt University; Tiffany Michelle Barnes; Shuchi Grover

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

more educators aboutour curriculum in an attempt to achieve wider adoption of CS Frontiers.AcknowledgmentsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants1949472, 1949492, and 1949488. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Science Foundation.References[1] B. Broll, Á. Lédeczi, G. Stein, D. Jean, C. Brady, S. Grover, V. Cateté and T. Barnes, "Removing the Walls Around Visual Educational Programming Environments," in Proceeding of the 2021 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC), St. Louis, Missouri, 2021.[2] L. Alvarez, I. Gransbury

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Norris, Virginia Tech; Hamidreza Taimoory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jacob R Grohs, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

students inthe college of engineering and college of arts and sciences. Student responses to open-endedquestions were scored manually by two trained raters in accordance with Grohs et al.’s publishedscoring guide [15]. Scores for each response were assigned and rationales recorded. An initialsample of 20% of the responses were scored individually by each rater. These scores were thencompared across raters to develop a consensus for interpreting student-generated text [16] andscoring guidelines normalized across raters. The remaining 80% of responses were split evenlybetween the two raters. This process required 50 human hours of work.Facilitated ScoringUsing the RStudio and the R Shiny package we import a spreadsheet of the raw text

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 9

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Jamieson, Miami University; Eric James Rapos, Miami University; Nathaniel Bryan

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

. M. Jones, “Teachers’ perceptions of a maker-centered professional development experience: A multiple case study,” International Journal of Technology and Design Education, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 697–721, 2021.[10] S. Meyers, K. Rowell, M. Wells, and B. C. Smith, “Teacher empathy: A model of empathy for teaching for student success,” College Teaching, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 160–168, 2019.[11] C. R. Rogers et al., Freedom to learn: A view of what education might become. Merrill,, 1969.[12] S. Slater and M. Inagawa, “Bridging cultural divides: Role reversal as pedagogy,” Journal of Teaching in International Business, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 269–308, 2019.[13] G. P. Wiggins, J. McTighe, L. J. Kiernan, and F. Frost, Understanding by

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gordon Hoople, University of San Diego; Diana Chen, University of San Diego; Susan Lord, University of San Diego; Joel Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Foundation (NSF) grant 1836504. Anyopinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do notnecessarily reflect those of NSF.Bibliography[1] B. Momo, G. D. Hoople, D. A. Chen, J. A. Mejia, and S. M. Lord, “Broadening the engineering canon: How Culturally Responsive Pedagogies can help educate the engineers of the future,” Murmurations Emerg. Equity Educ, vol. 2, pp. 6–21, 2020.[2] J. A. Leydens and J. C. Lucena, Engineering Justice: Transforming Engineering Education and Practice. John Wiley & Sons, 2017.[3] G. D. Hoople, D. A. Chen, S. M. Lord, L. A. Gelles, F. Bilow, and J. A. Mejia, “An Integrated Approach to Energy Education in Engineering,” Sustain. Sci. Pract. Policy, vol. 12, no. 21, p. 9145

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Knox, State University of New York at Binghamton; Kelli Paul, Indiana University-Bloomington; Jungsun Kim, Indiana University-Bloomington; Jing Yang; Amber Simpson, State University of New York at Binghamton; Adam Maltese, Indiana University-Bloomington; Sawsan Werfelli, State University of New York at Binghamton

under Grant No.1759314 (Binghamton University) and Grant No. 1759259 (Indiana University). Any opinions,findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of theauthor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Dotterer, A. M. (2021). Parent involvement, expectancy values, and STEM outcomes among underrepresented adolescents. Social Psychology of Education, 1-15.[2] James, A. G., Rudy, D., & Dotterer, A. (2019). Longitudinal examination of relations between school-and home-based parent involvement and GPA across ethnic groups. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(11), 3000-3010.[3] Simpkins, S. D., Davis-Kean, P. E., & Eccles, J. S. (2005

Conference Session

Technical Session M1

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Rui Li, New York University; Jack Bringardner, New York University Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Topics

Works In Progress

quantitative scores ofare helpful for identifying leadership while individual comments are beneficial for identifyingpotential conflicts. Based on the feedback from CATME, the instructor could apply a variety ofinterventions to prevent further development of conflicts. The inventions include one-on-onevirtual or in-person meetings, group meetings, redistributing of team tasks, and shifting groupactivity to a more agreeable time slot.References[1] S. Akbar, E. Gehringer, and Z. Hu, “Poster: Improving formation of student teams: A clustering approach,” in IEEE/ACM 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion (ICSE-Companion), 2018: IEEE, pp. 147-148.[2] A. Rezvani, R. Barrett, and P. Khosravi, “Investigating the

Collection

2023 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Robin A.M. Hensel, West Virginia University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

development efforts, and served in several administrative roles. She has been recognized for her teaching, advising, service, and research and as an Exemplary Faculty Member for Excellence in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Evolution of a Student Transition and Success Program Reflections on a 10 Year JourneyAbstractA lot has happened since 2012 – in society, in education, and in one engineering studentdevelopment program, called The Academy of Engineering Success (AcES)! AcES started in2012 at West Virginia University (WVU), a large, mid-Atlantic, R1 institution, and receivedNSF S-STEM funding beginning in 2016 and corporate

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shruti Misra, Unviersity of Washington; Denise Wilson, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Presentations 2. Somewhat disagree receiving/providing feedback on Feedback Likert Scale 3. Somewhat agree presentations 4. Strongly agree guidance from faculty mentor(s) Faculty guidance from capstone instructor Instructor guidance from industry mentor(s) Industry guidance from capstone TAs TA participating in TA-led mixers Mixers This capstone experience has helped me learn what I had hoped to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Milo Koretsky, Tufts University; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; James M. Widmann, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

workshops(e.g., NETI, ASEE section meetings, the ASEE National meeting, CW workshops), and haverecruited six participants in our Action Research Fellows program. By studying the context inwhich instructors adopt and utilize the CW, we will be able to provide recommendations forencouraging use of the CW and of other pedagogical innovations.AcknowledgmentsWe acknowledge the support from National Science Foundation (NSF) through grants DUE1821439, 1821445, 1821638, 1820888, and 1821603. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions orrecommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe NSF.References[1] S. Freeman, S. L. Eddy, M. McDonough, M. K. Smith, N. Okoroafor, H. Jordt, and M. P. Wenderoth, “Active

Conference Session

Medley of Undergraduate Programming and Pedagogies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Anastasia Marie Rynearson, Campbell University; Jacqueline Gartner Ph.D., Campbell University; Michele Miller, Campbell University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. She received undergraduate and graduate degrees in mechanical engineering from Duke and NC State, respectively. Her research interests include engineering education and precision manufacturing. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Use of Personas in Rating Scholarship ApplicationsIntroductionThis evidence-based practice paper introduces a method for creating subjective, holistic rubricsbased on the human-centered design concept of personas. It can be difficult to align assessmentmetrics with subjective artifacts, especially when the goal of the artifact itself is subjective. Thefaculty team who collaborated on an NSF S-STEM project faced

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brooke Istas, Southern Methodist University; Candace Walkington, Southern Methodist University; Elizabeth Leyva, Texas A&M University San Antonio; Matthew L. Bernacki, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

important. You are required to use data sets to find correlationsbetween independent and dependent variables and trends including identifying outliers.” Anotheraerospace engineer described how “We use a lot of relationship analysis - sequential, regression,year over year(s) and yes, there are a lot of cross-relationships.” We were surprised by thesestatements that described an ability to analyze data, given that the bulk of the College Algebracourse involves learning how to use and manipulate these formal expressions, learning skills likefactoring, simplifying, solving, and interpreting parameters. We also found that these trends forengineers followed trends we saw in our larger sample where we interviewed professionals fromacross STEM fields.This

Collection

1981 North Midwest Section

Authors

William A. Bares; David A. Rogers

and instructor expecta.tions. 2. Representation and interpretation of time functions. 3. Logarithmic relationships. 4. Plots for Characterization of physical phenomena. 5. Resistance: Static and Dynamic. 6. Kirchoff's voltage law, Kirchoff's current law, Ohm 1 s law. 7. Elementary resistive network analysis. 8. Power and energy. 9. Review. 10. Hour Examination. 11. The binary number system. Conversion between bases, 2 s complements. 1 12. Logic networks with gates. Logical functions. 13. Analysis of combinational logic networks via truth tables. 14. From logic diagrams to printed circuit layout. 15

Collection

1981 North Midwest Section

Authors

E. G. Anderson; P. K. Rajan; K. Sankara Rao; Val G. Tareski

understandably different, no one coursewill be satisfactory and hence a number of course proposalshave been suggested and implemented at many institutions (1,2] • In contrast to other groups of engineers, who may be in-terested only in the application of microprocessors, elec-trical engineers are expected to know all aspects of micro-processors, namely, hardware, software and applications.They should understand the theory as well as the practice ofmicroprocessor engineering. At least one course should beincluded in existing electrical engineering curricula tocover the above topics. This poses a difficult problem forelectrical engineering departments. They must develop asuitable place in electrical engineering curricula where thecourse(s